ASSESSMENT OF A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION USING β1–25 CORTICOTROPHIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
K. WHALEY ◽  
W. P. SOUTTER ◽  
W. C. DICK ◽  
G. NUKI ◽  
W. W. DOWNIE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptides ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY In ten patients with a variety of rheumatic disorders the changes in plasma corticosteroid (11-OHCS) levels have been studied after adrenocortical stimulation by a continuous 5 hr. infusion of Synacthen (Ciba) or by a single i.v. injection of 200 i.u. (320 μg.) Pentacosactride (Sandoz). Comparable increases were obtained using both synthetic polypeptides. It is suggested that administration of Pentacosactride intravenously is a simple method of obtaining prolonged maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex. A normal range of values of plasma 11-OHCS, obtained from 28 subjects, is given, and it is shown that the results are reproducible. The results of tests in six subjects with secondary adrenal atrophy due to long-term corticosteroid therapy indicate that the test can discriminate between normal and subnormal adrenocortical function.

PITUITARY-ADRENAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Roe ◽  
D. M. Mitchell ◽  
G. W. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs

ABSTRACT Adrenocortical function was assessed in 20 patients receiving long-term corticosteroid drugs for a variety of non-endocrine disorders. In all cases plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels were within or above normal limits 48 hours after abruptly stopping their drugs and a further marked rise occurred in 7 patients given metyrapone for 24 h. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion did not show a parallel rise. Taking the group as a whole, a small rise in the mean output occurred 48 hours after stopping therapy, and a further slightly greater rise followed metyrapone. 3 patients had a relapse of their underlying condition during the test in spite of normal plasma and urinary 17-OHCS levels.

scholarly journals Time-dependence of biological activity induced by covalent insulin-receptor complexes in rat adipocytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schüttler ◽  
C Diaconescu ◽  
D J Saunders ◽  
D Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Receptor Complex ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Monocomponent Insulin ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Lipogenesis in isolated adipocyte preparations is stimulated when photosensitive insulin derivatives are attached covalently to specific receptors. This response was compared quantitatively with that to reversibly associated insulin, and it was shown that both covalent and reversible insulin-receptor complexes behave very similarly. The extent of stimulation of lipogenesis was studied as a function of time. Cells were incubated in buffer for various times before addition to vials containing 0 (basal) or 10 ng of monocomponent insulin/ml (maximal) and [U-3H]glucose. After 60 min, the toluene-soluble [3H]lipids were measured. The maximal stimulation induced by reversibly bound insulin was virtually constant over a period of 4 h. In contrast, adipocytes to which N alpha B2-(2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)-des-PheB1-insulin had been covalently attached at the start of the experiment showed a loss of stimulation with time when incubated at 37 degrees C. This loss was decreased in the presence of lysosomotropic agents such as chloroquine at concentrations (approx. 200 microM) that had very little or no effect on the basal and maximal lipogenesis rates. A simple method was used to transform the measured rate of loss of stimulation into a rate of loss of effective units. A half-time of 80 min was calculated for the effective covalent insulin-receptor units in adipocytes at 37 degrees C at pH 7.4. This is very close to values reported by others for the internalization of covalent complexes in these cells, suggesting that this may be the causative event for the deactivation of the insulin-receptor unit. The inhibitory effect of chloroquine on the deactivation may indicate that the insulin-receptor complex can function even after internalization.

CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AS A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Adrenal function in rats under various experimental conditions was studied by incubating the adrenals in vitro and determining the corticosteroid output during one hour. This in vitro corticoid production was reduced after hypophysectomy, hypothalamus-lesioning and treatment with hydrocortisone or with Nembutal and morphine. On the other hand, an increased production was observed following stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system by exogenous histamine or corticotrophin. From these experiments it is concluded that the corticoid production in vitro reflects the activity of the adrenal cortex in vivo and hence can be used for the study of the latter function.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Neglected Idiopathic Ctev Managed by Ligamentotaxis Using Jess: A Long-Term Followup

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Pirani Score ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Range Of Values

Background. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of Ligamentotaxis in the management of neglected clubfeet managed by ligamentotaxis using Joshi's External Stabilisation System (JESS).Method & Material. Total 20 subjects (28 feet) were studied, which were corrected by differential ligamentotaxis using JESS. All were evaluated clinically, radiologically, podogrammically, and by Catterall Pirani Scoring System, both before and after the correction.Results. Severity of the deformities and clinical correction was assessed by Pirani score. All patients achieved good clinical results as per Pirani score, which was statistically significant. Radiological evaluation showed that all subjects achieved the normal range of values. The pre- and postcorrection difference in FBA was statistically significant.Conclusion. Differential distraction by fixator for the correction of neglected idiopathic CTEV is an effective and patient-friendly method of management.

Actions of desacetyl-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on human adrenocortical cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Henville ◽  
J. P. Hinson ◽  
G. P. Vinson ◽  
S. M. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The responses of human adrenocortical cells to stimulation by ACTH(1–24), desacetyl-α-MSH, α-MSH and angiotensin II amide have been compared. Both desacetyl-α-MSH, thought to be the major form of the peptide in the human pituitary and in circulating plasma, and α-MSH caused a significant stimulation of aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol secretion. Significant stimulation of the production of these steroids was obtained with desacetyl-α-MSH at a concentration of 1 nmol/l, while the response to α-MSH was considerably less sensitive, with a minimum effective concentration of 0·1 μmol/l. These values compared with minimum effective concentrations of 1 pmol/l for ACTH and 0·1 μmol/l for angiotensin II amide. Although cell types were not separated, it is possible to conclude that none of the peptides showed any specificity for the zona glomerulosa, and in each case the same minimum effective concentration of peptide was required for both aldosterone and cortisol secretion. Yields of steroid obtained under conditions of maximal stimulation by ACTH(1–24), α-MSH and desacetyl-α-MSH were at least three to five times the basal output of aldosterone, four to eight times that for corticosterone and more than seven to sixteen times that for cortisol. Angiotensin II amide was a relatively poor stimulant with maximal stimulation only 1·5 × basal. In these experiments the minimum effective concentration for desacetyl-α-MSH (1 nmol/l) was close to the circulating concentration of desacetyl-α-MSH (0·3 nmol/l) in man, and it is thus possible that this peptide may have a physiological role in the control of adrenocortical function. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 579–583

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog and WNT Signaling Promote Adrenal Gland Regeneration in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Finco ◽  
Antonio M Lerario ◽  
Gary D Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Major Health Problem

Abstract The atrophy and hypofunction of the adrenal cortex following long-term pharmacologic glucocorticoid therapy is a major health problem necessitating chronic glucocorticoid replacement that often prolongs the ultimate return of endogenous adrenocortical function. Underlying this functional recovery is anatomic regeneration, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Investigating the lineage contribution of cortical Sonic hedgehog (Shh)+ progenitor cells and the SHH–responsive capsular Gli1+ cells to the regenerating adrenal cortex, we observed a spatially and temporally bimodal contribution of both cell types to adrenocortical regeneration following cessation of glucocorticoid treatment. First, an early repopulation of the cortex is defined by a marked delamination and expansion of capsular Gli1+ cells, recapitulating the establishment of the capsular-cortical homeostatic niche during embryonic development. This rapid repopulation is promptly cleared from the cortical compartment only to be supplanted by repopulating cortical cells derived from the resident long-term-retained zona glomerulosa Shh+ progenitors. Pharmacologic and genetic dissection of SHH signaling further defines an SHH-dependent activation of WNT signaling that supports regeneration of the cortex following long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We define the signaling and lineage relationships that underlie the regeneration process.

CCK, bombesin, and carbachol stimulate c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc oncogene expression in rat pancreatic acini

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. G327-G332 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lu ◽  
C. D. Logsdon
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Myc Oncogene ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
High Affinity Site ◽  
Oncogene Activation ◽  
Stimulation Of

To identify possible nuclear signals mediating long-term regulation of the pancreas by gastrointestinal hormones, the expression of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc was investigated in rat pancreatic acini. Stimulation of the acini with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 100 pM), bombesin (10 nM), or carbachol (10 microM), but not gastrin (100 nM), secretin (100 nM), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (10 nM) induced an increase in oncogene mRNA expression. The percent increases of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNA were 207 +/- 40, 171 +/- 26, and 46 +/- 19 (n = 5) for CCK-8; 223 +/- 71, 159 +/- 31, and 43 +/- 21 (n = 5) for bombesin; and 125 +/- 51, 123 +/- 58, and 67 +/- 19 (n = 5) for carbachol, respectively. CCK-induced increases in oncogene mRNA were rapid and transient. c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were increased after 30 min stimulation, peaked at 1 h, and returned to basal level in 2 h. Activation of c-myc was more prolonged with levels remaining elevated for at least 3 h. The effects of CCK-8 were concentration dependent. Detectable stimulation was seen at 10 pM; maximal stimulation occurred at 10 nM and was not affected by further increase in the concentration of CCK-8. JMV-180, a high-affinity site CCK receptor agonist and low-affinity site antagonist, alone did not stimulate c-fos mRNA expression but inhibited c-fos mRNA expression induced by CCK-8. These results suggest that the interaction between CCK and the low-affinity state of the CCK receptor is responsible for oncogene activation.

Cushing's disease coexisting with a single macronodule simulating adenoma of the adrenal cortex

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Leiba ◽  
Bella Shindel ◽  
Itzhak Weinberger ◽  
Jacobs Fuchs ◽  
Zvi Rotenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Pituitary Irradiation ◽  
Autonomous Adenoma ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. A rare case of Cushing's disease coexisting with a single macronodule simulating adenoma of the adrenal cortex is presented. The basal and dynamic tests supported the diagnosis of Cushing's disease, whereas the CT-scan, ultrasound and iodocholesterol uptake were suggestive of a left adrenal adenoma. Treatment consisted of extirpation of the nodular gland followed by pituitary irradiation. The examination revealed a single macronodule with no histological membrane, surrounded by hyperplastic adrenocortex. Together with the three similar ones reported in the literature this case suggests that nodular hyperplasia may be an intermediary stage between diffuse hyperplasia and the appearance of an autonomous adenoma after long-term stimulation of the hyperplastic gland.

FREE 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVEL AND EOSINOPHIL CELL COUNT DURING CORTICOTROPHIN TESTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Hortling ◽  
Aimo Pekkarinen ◽  
Eva Puupponen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Eosinophil Cell

ABSTRACT The effect of intravenous infusions for 5 hours of 20–25 IU corticotrophin on the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and on the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood was studied in patients with normal adrenocortical function and in patients with allergic diseases receiving 40–60 mg cortisol daily in a dose which suppresses the function of the adrenal cortex, as well as in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized patients. When the maximal content of free 17-OHCS during the corticotrophin infusion was above 25–30 μg/100 ml an inverse correlation with the number of eosinophils was found. When, however, the free 17-OHCS level reached in the plasma was in the normal range (< 25 μg/100 ml) or very low no correlation was found between the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and the percentage changes in the number of eosinophils in the blood. In general the responses in the content of free 17-OHCS in the plasma and also in the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood, to intravenous corticotrophin administration is a good indicator of the adrenocortical function.

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