FREE 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID LEVEL AND EOSINOPHIL CELL COUNT DURING CORTICOTROPHIN TESTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Hortling ◽  
Aimo Pekkarinen ◽  
Eva Puupponen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Eosinophil Cell

ABSTRACT The effect of intravenous infusions for 5 hours of 20–25 IU corticotrophin on the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and on the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood was studied in patients with normal adrenocortical function and in patients with allergic diseases receiving 40–60 mg cortisol daily in a dose which suppresses the function of the adrenal cortex, as well as in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized patients. When the maximal content of free 17-OHCS during the corticotrophin infusion was above 25–30 μg/100 ml an inverse correlation with the number of eosinophils was found. When, however, the free 17-OHCS level reached in the plasma was in the normal range (< 25 μg/100 ml) or very low no correlation was found between the free 17-OHCS content in the plasma and the percentage changes in the number of eosinophils in the blood. In general the responses in the content of free 17-OHCS in the plasma and also in the number of the eosinophil cells in the blood, to intravenous corticotrophin administration is a good indicator of the adrenocortical function.

ASSESSMENT OF A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION USING β1–25 CORTICOTROPHIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
K. WHALEY ◽  
W. P. SOUTTER ◽  
W. C. DICK ◽  
G. NUKI ◽  
W. W. DOWNIE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Synthetic Polypeptides ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY In ten patients with a variety of rheumatic disorders the changes in plasma corticosteroid (11-OHCS) levels have been studied after adrenocortical stimulation by a continuous 5 hr. infusion of Synacthen (Ciba) or by a single i.v. injection of 200 i.u. (320 μg.) Pentacosactride (Sandoz). Comparable increases were obtained using both synthetic polypeptides. It is suggested that administration of Pentacosactride intravenously is a simple method of obtaining prolonged maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex. A normal range of values of plasma 11-OHCS, obtained from 28 subjects, is given, and it is shown that the results are reproducible. The results of tests in six subjects with secondary adrenal atrophy due to long-term corticosteroid therapy indicate that the test can discriminate between normal and subnormal adrenocortical function.

INVESTIGATION OF PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY DURING STANDARDIZED OPERATIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE INTRAVENOUS METYRAPONE TEST ASSESSED BY PLASMA CORTISOL, PLASMA COMPOUND S AND EOSINOPHIL CELL DETERMINATIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kaalund Jensen ◽  
M. Blichert-Toft
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Postoperative Phase ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Eosinophil Cell

ABSTRACT Twenty elderly subjects with an average age of 73.0 years (range 66–82) underwent standardized surgery (laparotomies). Thirteen younger subjects with an average age of 45.4 years (range 23–58) served as controls. Changes in plasma cortisol, plasma compound S and eosinophil cell count were checked throughout the first 24 hours after surgery. A maximum increase in the plasma cortisol concentration exceeding the spontaneous initial value by 150 and 110 per cent respectively was observed, in the young and elderly subjects. An insignificant rise only was seen in the plasma compound S concentration. The eosinophil cell count fell to less than 50 n/μl. The variations in the three parameters, observed in the geriatric group, indicate a less marked response to surgical stress although no evidence was found for the existence of any significant age difference. Between the fourth and eighth postoperative day, an intravenous metyrapone test was carried out in 13 elderly and 10 young subjects. The changes in the concentration of plasma cortisol and plasma compound S and in the eosinophil cell count were recorded. When exposed to an apparently identical stimulation of the feedback system during the postoperative phase, the elderly patients showed a much greater response than that seen in the younger patients. The possibility that the pituitary-adrenal system in the elderly develops a higher sensitivity following repeated exposures to stress, is discussed. Exhaustion of the pituitary-adrenal system during the postoperative phase was not demonstrated in the elderly.

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
R. Emberland ◽  
E. Glück ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pituitary Lesion ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals Adrenal Cortex-Sparing Surgery for Bilateral Multiple Pheochromocytomas in a Patient with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarık Esen ◽  
Ömer Acar ◽  
Ahmet Tefekli ◽  
Ahmet Musaoğlu ◽  
İzzet Rozanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Pancreatic Masses ◽  
Adrenal Pheochromocytoma ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Disease ◽  
Vhl Disease

Pheochromocytomas can be a part of familial neoplastic syndromes, in which case they tend to be multiple and involve both adrenal glands. Therefore, sparing adrenocortical function represents a major concern while dealing with these hereditary lesions. Herein, we describe the clinical characteristics and the management strategy of a patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease who had multiple, bilateral pheochromocytomas as well as bilateral renal masses, pancreatic masses, and a paracaval mass. Only a portion of the left adrenal gland has remained in situ after two consecutive open surgeries and a percutaneous radiofrequency ablation which have been performed to treat the various components of this syndrome. No adrenal or extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma recurrences have been detected during a follow-up period of more than 2 years. Pancreatic and adrenal functions were normal throughout the postoperative period and never necessitated any replacement therapy. Adrenal cortex-sparing surgery is a valid option for VHL disease patients who present with synchronous bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas.

scholarly journals Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Sugawara ◽  
Eun-Jung Lee ◽  
Min Seong Jang ◽  
Eun-Ji Jeun ◽  
Chun-Pyo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Deficient Mice

Eosinophils play proinflammatory roles in helminth infections and allergic diseases. Under steady-state conditions, eosinophils are abundantly found in the small intestinal lamina propria, but their physiological function is largely unexplored. In this study, we found that small intestinal eosinophils down-regulate Th17 cells. Th17 cells in the small intestine were markedly increased in the ΔdblGATA-1 mice lacking eosinophils, and an inverse correlation was observed between the number of eosinophils and that of Th17 cells in the small intestine of wild-type mice. In addition, small intestinal eosinophils suppressed the in vitro differentiation of Th17 cells, as well as IL-17 production by small intestinal CD4+ T cells. Unlike other small intestinal immune cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra.

scholarly journals Serum Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone, and Vitamin D Status in Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohammed ◽  
S Addae ◽  
S Suleiman ◽  
F Adzaku ◽  
S Annobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference

The concentrations of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25 Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were determined in 99 Saudi patients with sickle cell disease and in 104 matching healthy controls. Serum calcium and 25OHD were significantly lower in the patients, with 14% and 12% of them had serum calcium and 25OHD concentrations, respectively, below the normal range. PTH was significantly higher in the patients, with 31% having values above the normal range. There was no significant difference between patients and controls in regard to 1,25(OH)2D. There was a significant inverse correlation of 25OHD with PTH and a direct correlation of PTH with 1,25(OH)2D. Dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D was adequate in both patients and controls. The results indicate that sickle cell patients have hypocalcaemic tendency associated with supranormal PTH, and imply impaired intestinal absorption of calcium and vitamin D leading to a disturbed calcium metabolism which might contribute to the skeletal changes seen in sickle cell disease.

CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AS A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Adrenal function in rats under various experimental conditions was studied by incubating the adrenals in vitro and determining the corticosteroid output during one hour. This in vitro corticoid production was reduced after hypophysectomy, hypothalamus-lesioning and treatment with hydrocortisone or with Nembutal and morphine. On the other hand, an increased production was observed following stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system by exogenous histamine or corticotrophin. From these experiments it is concluded that the corticoid production in vitro reflects the activity of the adrenal cortex in vivo and hence can be used for the study of the latter function.

SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN ADRENOCORTICAL SECRETION

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. BUSH
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Acth Treatment ◽  
Genetically Determined

1. The secretion of the adrenal cortex in several mammalian species has been studied by direct analysis of samples of adrenal venous blood, using paper chromatography. 2. All the species examined were found to secrete large amounts of 17-hydroxycorticosterone and/or corticosterone, and some a third compound, provisionally identified as 11-hydroxy- androst-4-ene-3:17-dione. 3. The ratio of 17-hydroxycorticosterone to corticosterone secreted, varied from < 0·05 in rats to > 20 in rhesus monkeys, but did not vary appreciably between members of any one species. 4. In any individual, changes in total secretion rate produced no change in the relative amounts of the different components of the secretion. 5. ACTH increased the secretion rate of all components of the secretion. 6. It is suggested that the species differences observed in adrenocortical secretion are genetically determined, and cannot at present be related to any known differences of adrenocortical function in these species. Observable physiological differences may, however, be discovered, and caution should be exercised in generalizing from the results of ACTH treatment in the rat and rabbit.

scholarly journals Sonic Hedgehog and WNT Signaling Promote Adrenal Gland Regeneration in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Finco ◽  
Antonio M Lerario ◽  
Gary D Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Major Health Problem

Abstract The atrophy and hypofunction of the adrenal cortex following long-term pharmacologic glucocorticoid therapy is a major health problem necessitating chronic glucocorticoid replacement that often prolongs the ultimate return of endogenous adrenocortical function. Underlying this functional recovery is anatomic regeneration, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Investigating the lineage contribution of cortical Sonic hedgehog (Shh)+ progenitor cells and the SHH–responsive capsular Gli1+ cells to the regenerating adrenal cortex, we observed a spatially and temporally bimodal contribution of both cell types to adrenocortical regeneration following cessation of glucocorticoid treatment. First, an early repopulation of the cortex is defined by a marked delamination and expansion of capsular Gli1+ cells, recapitulating the establishment of the capsular-cortical homeostatic niche during embryonic development. This rapid repopulation is promptly cleared from the cortical compartment only to be supplanted by repopulating cortical cells derived from the resident long-term-retained zona glomerulosa Shh+ progenitors. Pharmacologic and genetic dissection of SHH signaling further defines an SHH-dependent activation of WNT signaling that supports regeneration of the cortex following long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We define the signaling and lineage relationships that underlie the regeneration process.

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