EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND AGE ON THE INFUNDIBULAR NUCLEUS IN MAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. HOMMES
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cell Complex ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Activity

SUMMARY Cell density, length of the infundibular complex and size of the neuronal nuclei were measured in a group of patients surviving hypophysectomy after breast cancer, and in a group of patients without hypophysectomy. Hypophysectomy decreased the length of the infundibular cell complex and the mean size of the neuronal nuclei and caused an increase in the difference between the cell density of the posterior and anterior part of the cell complex. In the hypophysectomized patients the mean nuclear size of neuronal nuclei and the length of the cell complex increased with survival time. These findings are interpreted as showing shrinkage of the infundibular nucleus after hypophysectomy. A return to normal values and possibly increased activity occur with survival times over 95 days. The significance of the marked correlation between decrease of supraoptic cell population and the increase of mean nuclear size in the infundibular neurones of the hypophysectomized patients is discussed. In both groups the mean nuclear size of the infundibular neurones increased with age. The significance of this finding is discussed.

scholarly journals Microtubule minus-end stability is dictated by the tubulin off-rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (9) ◽  
pp. 2841-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Strothman ◽  
Veronica Farmer ◽  
Göker Arpağ ◽  
Nicole Rodgers ◽  
Marija Podolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
In Vitro Reconstitution ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Dynamic Organization ◽  
In Cells

Dynamic organization of microtubule minus ends is vital for the formation and maintenance of acentrosomal microtubule arrays. In vitro, both microtubule ends switch between phases of assembly and disassembly, a behavior called dynamic instability. Although minus ends grow slower, their lifetimes are similar to those of plus ends. The mechanisms underlying these distinct dynamics remain unknown. Here, we use an in vitro reconstitution approach to investigate minus-end dynamics. We find that minus-end lifetimes are not defined by the mean size of the protective GTP-tubulin cap. Rather, we conclude that the distinct tubulin off-rate is the primary determinant of the difference between plus- and minus-end dynamics. Further, our results show that the minus-end–directed kinesin-14 HSET/KIFC1 suppresses tubulin off-rate to specifically suppress minus-end catastrophe. HSET maintains its protective minus-end activity even when challenged by a known microtubule depolymerase, kinesin-13 MCAK. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms of minus-end dynamics, essential for our understanding of microtubule minus-end regulation in cells.

Size of tumour as a risk factor for malignancy in patients with peripheral pulmonary nodules

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Tz. Prisadov ◽  
Angel P. Uchikov ◽  
Kathrin Welker ◽  
Herbert Wallimann ◽  
Krassimir A. Murdzhev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Benign Tumours

ABSTRACT Peripheral pulmonary tumours are often quite difficult to diagnose and treat. Their detection brings immediately the problem of whether clinicians should just wait and observe or operate the patients. The AIM of this study was to determine if there is a direct correlation between tumour size and the risk for malignancy and whether the tumor size should be considered a risk factor for malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2009, 145 patients with peripheral pulmonary tumours of less than 3 cm in diameter underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection for the purpose of histologic examination of the tumor. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.60 ± 0.95 years. The youngest patient was 17 years old and the oldest - 82. The study sample included 61 women and 84 men; the men were statistically signifi cantly more than the women (57.3% and 42.07%, respectively) (t = 2.74 , P < 0.01). The total number of patients we operated were 145 with 198 resected tumours. The diameter of the lesions ranged between 0.30 cm and 3 cm (mean 1.41 ± 0.06 cm). We found that 108 (54.55%) of the tumours were malignant, and 90 (45.45%) were benign, the difference between them failing to reach statistical signifi cance (t = 1.82, P > 0.05). The mean size of malignant lesions was statistically signifi cantly greater than that of benign tumours (1.62 ± 0.08 cm vs 1.15 ± 0.06 cm). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the bigger the diameter of the nodule, the greater the percentage share of malignant tumours, which means that the size of the tumour is an important risk factor for malignancy.

scholarly journals Mapping of corticotropic cells in the normal human pituitary.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Trouillas ◽  
M P Guigard ◽  
P Fonlupt ◽  
C Souchier ◽  
C Girod
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

We accomplished the first mapping of corticotropic cells in the whole human adult pituitary. Corticotropic cells were identified by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and quantified by image analysis on 12 pituitaries obtained from people who had died suddenly. An overall view of each pituitary was given by 15-21 sections (mean 18 sections) at 300-micron intervals on six slides. Each section was systematically treated by indirect immunoperoxidase using an anti-ACTH[17-39] polyclonal antiserum. All the measures were done with a x 6.3 objective lens, each field (0. 5 mm2) being considered as the unit area. The mean pituitary density (surface of labeled cells/total surface) of corticotropic cells (9.5 +/- 3.0% per 0. 5 mm2) is significantly higher in men (11.5 +/- 5.1%) than in women (7.0 +/- 1.3%). This difference is due to an inverse relationship between the corticotropic cell density and the weight of the pituitary, which is higher in women than in men. The mean diameter of corticotropic cells is 14.9 micron and their total number per pituitary is approximately 10(7) cells. We confirmed that the spatial distribution of corticotropic cells is nonuniform: they are mainly distributed in the anteromedian part of the anterior lobe. In addition, our results demonstrated that the inferior part of the pituitary contained three times more corticotropic cells than the superior part (mean density 18.0% vs 6.0%) and the anterior part twice as many as the posterior part (mean density 12.3% vs 6.8%). On the horizontal plane, the pituitary was divided into eight zones, in which the mean of area was 2.5-21.0%. The maximal cell density may reach 40-60%. The use of this map should help the pathologist to recognize if there is corticotropic hyperplasia in a small pituitary fragment surgically removed from a patient with Cushing's disease. On the basis of this study, we put forward some criteria for diagnosing corticotropic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: Experience of 128 Patients with First Recurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Liyuan Dai ◽  
Weihua Lou ◽  
Qigen Fang ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Tumor Rupture ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Recurrence

Objective. Recurrence is common after inappropriate surgical procedures for parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA). However, there are some controversies regarding intraoperative tumor rupture and disease recurrence; therefore, our goal was to clarify this relationship by describing our experience with 128 cases of recurrent parotid PA. Methods. Patients suffering from a first recurrence of parotid PA were prospectively enrolled, and data regarding the operation, pathology, immunohistochemistry, and recurrence pattern (outside the previous surgical field vs. inside the previous surgical field) were extracted and analyzed. The recurrent lesions were divided into two groups based on the location of nodularity. Results. Thirty-five patients had recurrent disease outside the previous surgical field; there were 105 nodules with a mean size of 1.0 (range: 0.4–3.0) cm and 983 nodules with a mean size of 1.55 (range: 0.5–4.5) cm within the field, and the difference was significant ( p = 0.001 ). The mean values of Ki-67 in nodules outside of and within the previous surgical field were 4.7% (range: 2%–10%) and 2.1% (range: 1%–7%), respectively, and the difference was significant ( p < 0.001 ). In nodules outside the previous surgical field, cell-rich nodules were noted in 71.6% of cases; in nodules within the previous surgical field, cell-rich nodules were found in 30.4% of cases, and the difference was significant ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Tumor rupture is not the only cause of disease recurrence, and recurrent PAs outside the previous surgical field are smaller in size, have higher Ki-67 expression, and have more cell-rich nodules than those within the surgical scar.

Estimates of the mean size of the subset image under composition of random mappings

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey M. Zubkov ◽  
Aleksandr A. Serov
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Random Mappings ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Memory Tradeoff

Abstract Let XN be a set of N elements and F1, F2,… be a sequence of random independent equiprobable mappings XN → N. For a subset S0 ⊂ XN, |S0|=m, we consider a sequence of its images St=Ft(…F2(F1(S0))…), t=1,2… An approach to the exact recurrent computation of distribution of |St| is described. Two-sided inequalities forM{|St|||S0|=m} such that the difference between the upper and lower bounds is o(m)for m, t, N → ∞, mt=o(N) are derived. The results are of interest for the analysis of time-memory tradeoff algorithms.

ANATOMY OF TULP’S VALVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan K ◽  
Fateh Mohammad ◽  
Alam MT ◽  
Mohd Nawaz ◽  
Azmi Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Human Foetuses ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

Introduction: Tulp’s valve is also known as ileocaecal valve which is situated at ileocaecal junction. Tulp’s valve is a diverse anatomical valve where the ileum makes an access into the caecum. Earlier researchers have observed that there is occurrence of high densities of neurons in the Tulp’s valve, though meticulous anatomical depiction about constitution of the myenteric plexus in and around the Tulp’s valve has thus far to be obtained in humans. In array to add contribution to this vicinity of explore, the present work was performed to appreciate the anatomical composition of myenteric plexus in and around the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses. Materials and Methods: The research was performed on ileocaecal sections obtained from human foetuses (n=17) of various gestational ages after obtaining ethical authorization from the ethical clearance committee of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur. Cresyl Violet staining and NADPH- diaphorase enzyme histochemistry was performed over the obtained ileocaecal sections. Study Group-1(G-1) included foetuses of 9 to 14 week of gestational age group while Group-2(G-2) comprised of foetuses of 15 to 33 week of gestational age group. The Neuronal cell profiles (area, perimeter, ferret diameter) and Neuronal cell density were assessed in and around the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses.       Results: In Cresyl violet stained sections, the difference in the neuronal cell profile area between G-1 (50.10±2.26 µm2 )and G-2 (61.25±4.07 µm2 ) was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0028).The perimeter of myenteric neuronal cells in G-1 (26.32±0.51 µm ) was significantly (p=0.0028) lower than G-2 (29.17±0.85 µm). The differences in Feret diameter of neuronal cells between G-1 (9.49±0.27 µm) and G-2 (10.53±0.21 µm) was statistically significant (p=0.0028). The neuronal cell density in Myenteric Ganglia (MG) in G-1 and G-2 was 60.01±9.77 and 52.27±6.54 respectively, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.1367) difference. The difference in the nitrergic neuronal cell area between G-1 (66.35±8.43 µm2) and G-2 (74.93±0.53 µm2) was statistically significant (p=0.0038). The mean perimeter of nitrergic neuronal cells in G-1 (32.01±2.57µm) was insignificantly (p=0.2001) lower than G-2 (33.83±0.73 µm). The mean Feret diameter of G-1 (11.97±1.26) was also insignificantly (p=0.2624) lower than G-2 (12.91±0.75). The nitrergic neuronal cell density in Myenteric Ganglia in G-1 was 22.41±4.13 and in G-2 it was 18.61±2.09, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.0983). acquaintance of the innervations of the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses may help in restoration of it for improved movement of ileum inside into the caecum, as well as to check retrospective run of caecal inside into the ileum. Keywords: Tulp’s Valve, Cresyl Violet, NADPH- diaphorase, Nitrergic Neurons

Caractères Biométriques De Penaeus Kerathurus (Forskål, 1775) Du Golfe De Gabès, Tunisie (Decapoda, Penaeidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok Ben Mariem
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Regression Slope ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Equality Test

AbstractEight-hundred-and-twenty-five individuals of Penaeus kerathurus were obtained from the landings of shrimp trawlers in a programme from February 1991 to February 1992. These samples consisted of 479 females and 346 males. In each sample the smallest sized specimen was a male and the biggest a female. The mean size Lc (= carapace length) of females (38.8 mm) is significantly greater than the mean size of males (Lc = 32.5 mm). Allometric equations show that the increases in size of, e.g., telson, rostrum, height, total size or weight in relation to the carapace length (reference size) is nearly equal for the two sexes and is expressed for all characters (except height and weight) in both sexes by a negative allometry. Application of the equality test of the regression slope for male and female shows that the parallelism hypothesis is accepted for all the regressions established, except that of weight in relation to the total length where the difference is highly significant.

A Correction Factor for Counting Emus from the Air, and its Application to Counts in Western Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Caughley ◽  
D Grice
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

We used the mathematics of the mark-recapture model to derive a factor correcting counts of emus surveyed from the air. The emus were neither marked nor recaptured, the correction factor being derived from the number of emu groups counted independently by two observers simultaneously scanning the same transect. The analysis suggests that about 68% of emu groups on the transect are counted by a given observer during a standard survey, and that his counts must therefore be multiplied by 1.47 before they estimate true density of groups. Having determined independently the mean size of emu groups as 3.75 at that time of the year, we applied this factor to counts from a survey of 1480000 km2 in Western Australia. Overall density was 0.074 emus km-2, being highest in the pastoral zone at 0.103 km-2 and lowest in unoccupied land at 0.008 km-2. The difference probably reflects availability of drinking water.

scholarly journals Indirect Evidence of Increased Cerebral Plasticity of Musicians with Malignant Cerebral Tumors; Longer Overall Survival Status according to Nonmusicians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Romana Gasenzer ◽  
Ayhan Kanat ◽  
Bulent Ozdemir ◽  
Osman Ersegun Batcik ◽  
Vacide Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Survival Status ◽  
Cerebral Tumors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background There are some reported musicians with cerebral tumors, but no comparative study of the survival status of musician and nonmusician patients with malignant cerebral tumors was made. This subject was investigated. Material and methods Musician people list with cerebral tumors was searched from the English Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_with_brain_tumors). Their survival status, ages, and gender were statistically compared with 30 nonmusician patients with cerebral malign tumors. Results 66 (Group 1 or Musician Group; MG) musicians with malignant tumors list were found from Wikipedia. Survival times of only 47 musicians could be reached from Wikipedia. The mean Survival of this group is 20.06 months, however, it was 13.10 months non-musician group, and the difference of survival was statistically significant (p < 0.05), however, ages and gender were not. Conclusion There is an interaction between music and brain anatomic structures. Our study showed that the survival status of musicians and non-musician with malign cerebral tumors is not the same. This result may be dependent on the altered musician's brain or neuronal plasticity, and the response of the musician's brain's to malign tumor. More studies are needed.

The Effect of Vocabulary Intervention on Text Comprehension: Who Benefits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawna Duff
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Vocabulary Instruction ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Vocabulary Intervention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Vocabulary intervention can improve comprehension of texts containing taught words, but it is unclear if all middle school readers get this benefit. This study tests 2 hypotheses about variables that predict response to vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: gains in vocabulary knowledge due to treatment and pretreatment reading comprehension scores. Method Students in Grade 6 ( N = 23) completed a 5-session intervention based on robust vocabulary instruction (RVI). Knowledge of the semantics of taught words was measured pre- and posttreatment. Participants then read 2 matched texts, 1 containing taught words (treated) and 1 not (untreated). Treated texts and taught word lists were counterbalanced across participants. The difference between text comprehension scores in treated and untreated conditions was taken as a measure of the effect of RVI on text comprehension. Results RVI resulted in significant gains in knowledge of taught words ( d RM = 2.26) and text comprehension ( d RM = 0.31). The extent of gains in vocabulary knowledge after vocabulary treatment did not predict the effect of RVI on comprehension of texts. However, untreated reading comprehension scores moderated the effect of the vocabulary treatment on text comprehension: Lower reading comprehension was associated with greater gains in text comprehension. Readers with comprehension scores below the mean experienced large gains in comprehension, but those with average/above average reading comprehension scores did not. Conclusion Vocabulary instruction had a larger effect on text comprehension for readers in Grade 6 who had lower untreated reading comprehension scores. In contrast, the amount that children learned about taught vocabulary did not predict the effect of vocabulary instruction on text comprehension. This has implications for the identification of 6th-grade students who would benefit from classroom instruction or clinical intervention targeting vocabulary knowledge.

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