ANATOMY OF TULP’S VALVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan K ◽  
Fateh Mohammad ◽  
Alam MT ◽  
Mohd Nawaz ◽  
Azmi Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Human Foetuses ◽  
Myenteric Ganglia

Introduction: Tulp’s valve is also known as ileocaecal valve which is situated at ileocaecal junction. Tulp’s valve is a diverse anatomical valve where the ileum makes an access into the caecum. Earlier researchers have observed that there is occurrence of high densities of neurons in the Tulp’s valve, though meticulous anatomical depiction about constitution of the myenteric plexus in and around the Tulp’s valve has thus far to be obtained in humans. In array to add contribution to this vicinity of explore, the present work was performed to appreciate the anatomical composition of myenteric plexus in and around the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses. Materials and Methods: The research was performed on ileocaecal sections obtained from human foetuses (n=17) of various gestational ages after obtaining ethical authorization from the ethical clearance committee of Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur. Cresyl Violet staining and NADPH- diaphorase enzyme histochemistry was performed over the obtained ileocaecal sections. Study Group-1(G-1) included foetuses of 9 to 14 week of gestational age group while Group-2(G-2) comprised of foetuses of 15 to 33 week of gestational age group. The Neuronal cell profiles (area, perimeter, ferret diameter) and Neuronal cell density were assessed in and around the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses.       Results: In Cresyl violet stained sections, the difference in the neuronal cell profile area between G-1 (50.10±2.26 µm2 )and G-2 (61.25±4.07 µm2 ) was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0028).The perimeter of myenteric neuronal cells in G-1 (26.32±0.51 µm ) was significantly (p=0.0028) lower than G-2 (29.17±0.85 µm). The differences in Feret diameter of neuronal cells between G-1 (9.49±0.27 µm) and G-2 (10.53±0.21 µm) was statistically significant (p=0.0028). The neuronal cell density in Myenteric Ganglia (MG) in G-1 and G-2 was 60.01±9.77 and 52.27±6.54 respectively, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.1367) difference. The difference in the nitrergic neuronal cell area between G-1 (66.35±8.43 µm2) and G-2 (74.93±0.53 µm2) was statistically significant (p=0.0038). The mean perimeter of nitrergic neuronal cells in G-1 (32.01±2.57µm) was insignificantly (p=0.2001) lower than G-2 (33.83±0.73 µm). The mean Feret diameter of G-1 (11.97±1.26) was also insignificantly (p=0.2624) lower than G-2 (12.91±0.75). The nitrergic neuronal cell density in Myenteric Ganglia in G-1 was 22.41±4.13 and in G-2 it was 18.61±2.09, which was statistically insignificant (p=0.0983). acquaintance of the innervations of the Tulp’s valve in human foetuses may help in restoration of it for improved movement of ileum inside into the caecum, as well as to check retrospective run of caecal inside into the ileum. Keywords: Tulp’s Valve, Cresyl Violet, NADPH- diaphorase, Nitrergic Neurons

The effect of ear acupressure medicine at the “Shen Men” point on the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1774-1779
Author(s):  
Sanaz Nehbandani ◽  
Hajar Salehi ◽  
Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie ◽  
Hossein Rashki Ghalenow ◽  
Fatemeh Mirzaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction & Objective: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that more than 85% of pregnant women experience. However, controlling and treating this complication is still one of the most important issues in antenatal care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ear acupressure at Shen Men point on relieving nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 16 weeks attending the health clinics of Zabol city during 2019-2020 were studied in two control and intervention groups (n = 50 in each group). The samples in the intervention group were trained to apply pressure on their ears’ Shen Men point with the thumb for three minutes three times a day (morning, noon, and night), for a duration of one month. At the end of second and fourth weeks, the data were collected using the Rhodes index form and then, were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, occupation and education. The difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching was not statistically significant between the control and intervention groups before the study. But four weeks after the study, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching between the two groups, so that the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The ear acupressure medicine at the Shen men point can be used as a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive method to relieve nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Keywords: Acupressure medicine, Shen Men, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Nausea, Retching, Rhodosis

scholarly journals Relationship between newborn leptin levels and selected growth parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2591-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Mahmoud Sindiani ◽  
Rawan Obeidat ◽  
Omar Jbarah ◽  
Ethar Hazaimeh
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Umbilical Cord Vein

Objectives This study aimed to determine leptin levels in term newborns who were born in the north of Jordan. We also aimed to investigate the relationships of leptin levels with fetal growth parameters, and to assess the difference in leptin levels according to sex and gestational age. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 170 term newborns was conducted. A working sheet for data collection was created for each newborn and included sex, weight, length, head circumference, gestational age, and Apgar score. Blood samples were obtained from the umbilical cord vein of newborns after delivery to measure serum leptin levels. Data are shown as frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results We found that the mean leptin level was 1.17 ± 0.48 ng/mL. The independent t-test showed that the mean leptin level in boys (0.93 ± 0. 34 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in girls (1.38 ± 0.47 ng/mL). Pearson’s correlations showed that leptin levels of newborns were positively and significantly correlated with weight, length, and head circumference. Conclusion In Jordanian healthy term newborns, leptin levels correlate with sex and intrauterine growth parameters.

scholarly journals Histological study of proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in Bangladeshi women

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Hosna Ara Perven ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Dilruba Siddiqua ◽  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Halima Afroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

This cross sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January to December 2009, to determine the proportion of cortex and medulla of the ovary in di_erent age group of Bangladeshi women. This study was based on collection of 140 ovaries of 70 unclaimed female dead bodies from the morgue of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including A (10-13 years), B (14-45 years) & C (46-52 years). Histological slides were prepared by using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain. Ten best prepared histological slides from each age group were examined to determine the thickness of the cortex and medulla & proportion of the thickness of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary were expressed in percentages. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the right ovary were found 80.83±0.58% and 19.17±0.58% in group A, 86.95±1.14% and 13.05±1.14% in group B, 70.53±1.53% and 29.47±1.53% in group C respectively. The mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the left ovary were found 80.63±0.58% and 19.37±0.58% in group A, 86.78±1.14% and 13.22±1.14% in group B, 70.41±1.50% and 29.59±1.50% in group C respectively. The difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla was not signi_cant in between the ovaries. However, the difference in mean proportion of the cortex and the medulla of the ovary between group A & group B, group A & group C and group B & group C were statistically significant.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Jan; 44 (1): 8-10

scholarly journals High incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Mondal ◽  
Dipak Das
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Hypertension is one of the most frequently encountered medical disorder in obstetrics practice and remain a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives was to find out the high incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy.Methods: All consenting 50 cases of normal pregnant women and 50 women with pre-eclampsia attending antenatal clinic for checkup of ≥20 weeks who fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Serum magnesium was measured by Calmagite method.Results: Out of 100 primigravidae 50 cases of pre-eclampsia women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.156±0.328. In contrast out of 50 cases of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.907±0.321. The difference between the mean serum magnesium level in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women cases were statistically significant (p=0.0016). The study presented below it is clear that there are numerous factors that contribute to the causality of pre-eclampsia and from our analysis it was clear that the serum magnesium levels show an irregular pattern of fluctuations in cases suffering from pre-eclampsia and can be attributed to numerous physiological causes.Conclusions: Our study shows a significant reduction of serum magnesium levels in pre-eclampsia cases compared to normal pregnant women and occurrence of both maternal and neonatal complications with the serum magnesium levels decreased.

scholarly journals STUDI PERBANDINGAN DUA KELOMPOK UMUR TERHADAP MULA KERJA DAN MASA KERJA ANESTETIKA LOKALPADA KASUS PENCABUTAN GIGI MOLAR I ATAU MOLAR II ATAS

Biomedika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Kholifa
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Effect of in ltration due to the action of anesthesiasubstance on terminal nerve  bers maxillary molars the anesthesia uid  ow through the bone viahavers channels.This study is a quasi-experimental studies (clinical trials), which aims to determine the difference of onset and durationLidocaine between age groups 15-24 years age group 25-34 years in the case of extraction a molar tooth I or II maxilla conducted on patients who came to the Polyclinic FKG UGM, Yogyakarta. The number of samples obtained was 34 samples divided into two groups, Group I were patients with 15-24 years of age or younger, group II is patients aged 25-34 years or older. The data obtained areonset and duration of the age group 15-24 years compared with onset and duration of Lidocaine in the age group 25-34 years. The data obtained were analyzed by t-test with signicance level (p <0.05). The results of this study indicate that there are no signi cant differences between the onsetLidocaine in the age group 15-24 years with onset on the Lidocaine group 25-34 years. There is also a non-signi cant difference between Lidocaineduration in the group aged 15 - 24 years with a duration of Lidocaine on the group 25-34 years at p <0.05. The mean - median onsetLidocaine in the age group 15-24 years was 60.3 seconds with a range between 22-95 seconds while the onset on the Lidocaine group 25-34 years was 55.5 seconds with a range between 14-111 seconds. The mean - average durationLidocaine in the age group 15-24 years was 162.59 minutes with a range between 120-195 minutes while the duration of Lidocaine on the group 25-34 years was 184.41 with a range between 120-330 minutes.

scholarly journals Study of Cervical Biopsy over a Decade at a Tertiary Level Hospital, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar ◽  
S Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Precancerous Cervical Lesion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Hospital

Cervical carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy and almost curable cancer, if identified at an early stage. Cervical biopsy remains the ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of precancerous cervical lesion. The objective of this study was to review the histopathological findings of cervical biopsy including cervical polypectomy and hysterectomy specimens at Dhulikhel Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018. Out of 2098 cases, almost half of the cases (49.3%) were of Brahmin/Chhetri castes. There were significant differences in mean ages among hysterectomy cases (47.55±9.26), cervical biopsy cases (43.08±11.50) and polypectomy cases (33.59±12.47) (p value < 0.005). Out of 925 cervical specimens (cervical biopsy and polypectomy), colposcopy and hysteroscopy were performed in 18.2% and 12.7%, respectively. Out of 1173 hysterectomies, there were 110 cases (9.4%) of malignancies and cervical cancer was the most common (67, 60.9%). The mean age of cervical cancer patients was 52.87±11.94 years. Cervical cancer detected in age group of 40 – 59 years was significantly high (p value < 0.005). Incidence of cervical cancer was lowest in Brahmin/Chhetris (2.4%) compared to Newars (3.4%) and other Janajatis (12.8%) and the difference was statistically significant (p value < 0.005). The findings of this study is useful in updating the histopathological pattern of cervical biopsies.

scholarly journals Correlation between Personality Types and Color Shade Preference

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ghorawat ◽  
Ravina Madan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The main aim of this study was to find out whether the color shade preferences of individuals, grouped according to their personality types are alike or not. The researchers also tried to study the difference in color shade preferences based on gender differences. The objective was to understand whether the color shade preferences of individuals are affected by their individual personality types or not and whether gender plays any role in selection of color shades of individuals. The study sample consisted of a total of 80 subjects, randomly selected from within the age group of 18-25. An attempt was made to maintain a balance between two genders and across the ages. The research instruments used were Eysenck’s Personality Test (to measure the personality types) and a separate Colour Bar- Colour Preference Test was designed to serve the purpose of this study. The subjects were made to fill both the questionnaires and then the items were scored and results were analyzed. Positive scoring was done for Eysenck’s personality questionnaire and negative scoring was used to score the Colour Bar-Colour Preference Test. The data collected was divided into: Introverts (female, male) and Extroverts (female, male). From the data collected the mean, standard deviation and correlation between extraversion scores and the most preferred colour scores, for all the four groups. The mean, standard deviation, and correlation for the four groups was found to be 436.4 (IF), 529.2 (IM), 504 (EF), 453.4 (EM); 5.47 (IF), 6.52 (IM), 5.48 (EF), 6.93(EM); -0.3 (IF), -0.1 (IM), 0.1 (EF) and 0.5 (EM) respectively. From this the conclusion was drawn that there was no significant correlation found between the personality types and colour shade preferences of the subjects except in the case of extroverted males. Recommendations: Increase the sample size as that proved to be a limitation to this study. A study across ages is also possible and might give different results.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Vaginal versus Intramuscular Progesterone for the Prevention of Preterm Delivery

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Wajid ◽  
Maria Zafar ◽  
Fatima Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Progesterone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Objective:  </strong>The objective was to compare the effectiveness of vaginal versus intramuscular progesterone to prevent preterm delivery in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong>  </strong>It was a Randomized Control Trial carried out in the Gynecology Unit in a Public sector Hospital, Lahore from March to December 2015. A total of 800 patients were enrolled through Antenatal OPD and were randomly divided into two groups by draw method. In Group-A, patients were administered 200mg of vaginal progesterone pessary once daily and in Group-B 250 mg of intramuscular progesterone was injected weekly. Treatment was continued until 37 completed weeks of gestation. The patients were followed up through their contact numbers and on routine follow up. This practice was abandoned if premature rupture of membranes occurred and the fetus was delivered before 37 weeks. All the parameters were recorded by the researcher on proforma. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Chi Square test was applied to draw the comparison.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong>  </strong>The mean age of patients was 26.16 ± 5.36 years (18 – 35 years). The 296 patients were Para 1, 290 were Para 2, 142 were Para 3, 51 were Para 4 and 21 females were Para 5. In all females, the mean gestational age at time of presentation was 22.00 ± 1.47 weeks, whereas, at time of delivery, mean gestational age was 36.05 ± 2.38 weeks. In vaginal progesterone group, the mean gestational age at time of delivery was 36.67 ± 1.92 weeks while in IM group, mean gestational age at time of delivery was 35.43 ± 2.62 weeks. The difference between both groups was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Effectiveness (delivery ≥ 37 weeks) was achieved in 379 (47%) cases, out of which 228 (57%) cases belonged to vaginal progesterone group and 151 (37.8%) cases belonged to IM progesterone group (P &lt; 0.05). Post stratification with age and parity also showed that vaginal progesterone is more efficacious than IM progesterone (P &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong>  </strong>We concluded that vaginal progesterone is more effective than intramuscular progesterone for the prevention of preterm labor in patients with history of preterm labor in previous pregnancy.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Efficacy of Intrathecal Neostigmine with Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine in Postoperative Analgesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Nischala Reddy G ◽  
Ajay Babu Ramakrishnan ◽  
S. Ankalagowri Sankardevar ◽  
Uthkala B Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperbaric Solution ◽  
Mean Time

Background: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of intrathecal neostigmine with intrathecal dexmedetomidine in postop- erative analgesia. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Anesthesia involving 100 patients belonging to ASA grade I and II, posted for elective Sub umbilical surgeries, under spinal anaesthesia. Group I patients received 3.0ml of hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine + 50mcg (0.5ml) of Neostigmine. Group II patients received 3.0ml of hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine + 10mcg (0.5ml) of dexmedetomidine. Results: The maximum patients were seen in age group 18-30 years ie 10 in group I and 16 in group II and minimum in 41-50 years ie 6 in group I and 4 in group II. The mean time for onset of sensory block in group I was 1.43 0.53 min and in group II was 2.319   0.44 min. The mean time for onset of peak sensory block in group I was 5.48    0.43 min and Group II was 7.31    0.44 min.  Time for two segment regression was significantly higher in dexmedetomidine group as compared to neostigmine group, the mean time for two segment regression in group I was 124.98 21.48 min and group II was 165.24 14.45 min. The mean time for onset of motor block was 3.079 0.44 min in group I and 4.0454  0.38 min in group II. The mean duration of motor block in group I was 191.58  26.81 min and 324   36.8 min in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). The mean sedation score in group I was 1.03 and in group II was 2.07. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors recommend the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in subarachnoid block

EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND AGE ON THE INFUNDIBULAR NUCLEUS IN MAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. HOMMES
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cell Complex ◽  
Nuclear Size ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Neuronal Nuclei ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Activity

SUMMARY Cell density, length of the infundibular complex and size of the neuronal nuclei were measured in a group of patients surviving hypophysectomy after breast cancer, and in a group of patients without hypophysectomy. Hypophysectomy decreased the length of the infundibular cell complex and the mean size of the neuronal nuclei and caused an increase in the difference between the cell density of the posterior and anterior part of the cell complex. In the hypophysectomized patients the mean nuclear size of neuronal nuclei and the length of the cell complex increased with survival time. These findings are interpreted as showing shrinkage of the infundibular nucleus after hypophysectomy. A return to normal values and possibly increased activity occur with survival times over 95 days. The significance of the marked correlation between decrease of supraoptic cell population and the increase of mean nuclear size in the infundibular neurones of the hypophysectomized patients is discussed. In both groups the mean nuclear size of the infundibular neurones increased with age. The significance of this finding is discussed.

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