PARATHYROID HORMONE AND EGGSHELL CALCIFICATION IN JAPANESE QUAIL

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. DACKE
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Subsequent Incorporation

SUMMARY The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on egg-shell calcification has been investigated in egg-laying Japanese quail. Lilly parathyroid extract (PTE) when injected into quail within 2–6 h of oviposition caused a significantly increased deposition of a chronic 45Ca label into the sequential egg-shell compared with the previous egg in the clutch, indicating increased mobilization of bone Ca and its subsequent incorporation into the egg-shell. At the same time egg-shell weight/unit area and egg-shell Ca/unit area were significantly decreased. Parathyroid extract injected 12–16 h after oviposition had none of these effects. Purified PTH also caused a significant decrease in egg-shell weight/unit area if injected within 2–6 h of oviposition. This result indicated an action of PTH either directly or indirectly on the avian oviduct limiting egg-shell calcification. The loss of responses in the 12–16 h treated birds may reflect high endogenous PTH levels with subsequent saturation of target organ receptors.

Vitamin D metabolism: physiological regulation in egg-laying Japanese quail

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Egg Shell

Homogenates of kidney removed from reproductivity active female Japanese quail were incubated with tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and the metabolites were extracted and identified by chromatographic methods. Kidneys removed from birds with and without an egg in the oviduct revealed that ovulation results in enhanced production of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active hormonal form of vitamin D3. Further examination of this phenomenon in relation to the ovulatory cycle revealed that 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 production is enhanced throughout the 24 h following ovulation. Particularly important is the finding that its synthesis is already enhanced during the first 6 h after ovulation, at a time before any calcification of the egg shell begins. If, following oviposition, no ovulation occurs, 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 production decreases rapidly and significantly within the first 6 h following oviposition. This study has revealed for the first time a physiological state, namely the reproductive period in the female bird, in which endogenous control over 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production is exhibited without any previous manipulation, dietary or otherwise, of the animals.

scholarly journals Osteoclast cell-surface changes during the egg-laying cycle in Japanese quail

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Cell Surface Changes ◽  
Cyclic Changes

The medullary bone serves as a source of labile calcium mobilized during calcification of the egg shell in birds. Quantitative histological methods demonstrate that the numbers of medullary bone osteoclasts and nuclei per osteoclast remain unchanged during the egg cycle in the Japanese quail (Coturnix). Therefore, cyclic changes in bone resorption cannot be explained by modulations of osteoclasts from and into other bone cells, a mechanism previously suggested for certain species of birds. Rather, dramatic changes in osteoclast cell-surface features occur during the egg cycle, which might account for cyclic variations in resorptive activity. During egg shell calcification, osteoclasts with ruffled borders are closely apposed to bone surfaces; the cytoplasm is rich in vacuoles that contain mineral crystals and seem to derive from the ruffled border. At the completion of egg shell calcification, the ruffled borders and vacuoles move away from the bone surface, although the osteoclast remains attached to the bone along the filamentous or "clear" zone. Associated with the disappearance of the ruffled borders is the appearance of extensive interdigitated cell processes along the peripheral surface of the osteoclast away from the bone. These unusual structures, which may serve as a reservoir of membrane, largely disappear when ruffled borders and associated structures reappear. Therefore, in these hens, the osteoclasts modulate their cell surface rather than their population during the egg cycle.

scholarly journals The metabolism of cholecalciferol in the liver of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with particular reference to the effects of oestrogen

1979 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Nicholson ◽  
M Akhtar ◽  
T G Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

1. Studies were carried out in vitro with the livers of Japanese quail that had been fed from hatching on diets supplying their full requirements for vitamin D. 2. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol was the major metabolite when liver homogenates of egg-laying female and oestrogen-treated quail of both sexes were incubated with [3H]cholecalciferol. 3. Very little 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was generated from liver homogenates of adult male and immature quail. Instead the cholecalciferol was converted into one or more compounds less polar than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and into a number of highly polar metabolites, some of which were water-soluble. 4. Oestrogen not only stimulated the 25-hydroxylation of cholecalciferol but also protected both cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from degradation by the enzymic pathways active in immature and male birds. 5. These actions of oestrogen may be of physiological significance in relation to the high requirements of laying birds for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to support the intense metabolism of calcium associated with egg-shell calcification.

scholarly journals A high-affinity cytosol binding protein for 1 α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the uterus of Japanese quail

1980 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Takahashi ◽  
E Abe ◽  
R Tanabe ◽  
T Suda
Keyword(s):  
Dissociation Constant ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cytosol Fraction ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Fold Excess

Cytosol fractions prepared from the uterine mucosa of egg-laying Japanese Quail were analysed for binding of the metabolites of cholecalciferol. When the uterus was incubated at 37 degrees C with various radioactive metabolites of cholecalciferol, the nuclear fraction incorporated only 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol. When the uterus was incubated at 0 degree C with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol, most of the radioactivity was found in the cytosol. Translocation of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol from the cytosol to the nucleus was temperature-dependent. The addition of 100-fold excess amounts of unlabelled 1 alpha-25-dihydroxycholecalciferol significantly diminished the nuclear binding of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol. The cytosol fraction contained a 3.5 S macromolecule that specifically binds 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol. The dissociation constant was 0.39 nM and the maximal binding was 55 fmol/mg of protein. These results strongly suggest that the uterus in egg-laying birds is a target organ or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

scholarly journals Electrolyte balance and crude protein requirement of laying Japanese quail

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Vargas Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
Talita Pinheiro Bonaparte ◽  
José Geraldo de Vargas Júnior ◽  
Walter Amaral Barboza ◽  
Rita Da Trindade Ribeiro Nobre Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Egg Albumin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two levels of crude protein and five levels of electrolyte balance on the performance and egg-quality of laying Japanese quail. Six hundred 45-day-oldquails were distributed in a randomized-block design with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement comprising ten treatments, five replicates, and 12 birds per experimental unit. The electrolyte balance levels were 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 mEq kg–1of diet, and crude protein (CP) levels were 210 and 240 g kg-1. The performance and egg-quality variables assessed were: feed intake, feed conversion, egg-laying percentage, egg weight and mass, and albumin, yolk and shell weight. There were no interactions among the studied factors. The electrolyte balance and crude protein levels did not significantly affect the performance variables. However, increased shell weight of eggs stored for seven days was observed at an electrolyte balance level of 200 mEq kg–1. With regard to the CP levels, increased egg weight was observed at 28 days at a level of 210 g kg-1, whereas increased albumin weight was observed at 35 days of storage at a level of 240 g kg-1. A tendency toward an increase in egg albumin weight during the storage period of 14 days was observed. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the diet for Japanese quails in the laying phase be formulated with an electrolyte balance of 50 mEq kg–1and 240 g kg-1 of crude protein This diet did not have a negative effect on productive performance, and by increasing the weight of egg albumin, eggs can be stored for a longer duration, thus demonstrating an alternative method to increase the shelf life of eggs.

scholarly journals Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb leaf meal on egg characteristics of Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Chioma Helen Asolo ◽  
◽  
John Joseph Okeke ◽  
Francis Nnamdi Mayie ◽  
Valentine Obinna Okpoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Egg Shell

A thirty-six weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of inclusion of varying levels of Gmelina arborea on egg characteristics, using two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety-six birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of eight (8) birds each in a completely randomized design comprising of control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 50 g/kg; T2, 100 g/kg and T3, 150 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal. Feed and water were provided throughout the experimental period. Egg characteristics were the response criteria that were monitored and subjected to a one-way anova. There were significant (p<0.05) differences observed between treatments for mean egg number and egg shell weight, while no differences (p>0.05) were observed between treatments for eggs composition, weight of eggs, egg shell thickness, egg length, egg width, albumen height, albumen width, albumen weight, yolk height, yolk width, yolk weight. From this study, the egg laying performance and characteristics of eggs laid by birds suggested that among the treatments, up to 50 g/kg of Gmelina arborea leaf meal could be successfully included in quails’ diets without any adverse effect

ZUR PATHOGENESE DES PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYREOIDISMUS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Target Organ ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Parathyroid Extract

ABSTRACT A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism with positive Ellsworth-Howard-test is reported. In spite of this result is was possible to confirm by phosphate clearance Albright's hypothesis of non-responding target organ; for parathyroid-extract augmented only phosphate-filtration but not the reabsorption of phosphate, as it is to be expected in hypoparathyroidism. As a clinical feature there is a considerable polyarthrosis.

scholarly journals Dual-Purpose Poultry in Organic Egg Production and Effects on Egg Quality Parameters

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Marianne Hammershøj ◽  
Gitte Hald Kristiansen ◽  
Sanna Steenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Genotype A

Egg laying genotypes have been selected for generations due to their high yield and egg quality, resulting in efficient feed utilization and low body weight; hence, they are not suitable for meat production. This imposes an issue for the male layer chicks, which are killed at one day old. Because of ethical and food waste concerns, the search for suitable dual-purpose genotypes in order to avoid euthanasia of male day-old chicks has intensified. The aim of the present study is to evaluate potential dual-purpose genotypes for their egg quality compared to a representative egg laying genotype. Three dual-purpose genotypes with divergent characteristics were evaluated: genotype A represented an experimental crossbreed based on a broiler type male and an egg layer female, genotype B was a pure breed, and genotype C was a crossbreed of a layer type. These were compared to a control genotype D, which was an egg layer. Eggs were collected six times during the period of 21–54 weeks of hen age, i.e., a total of 1080 shell eggs were analyzed. Examined parameters were weights of egg, shell, yolk, and albumen, by calculating their relative proportions. Shell quality was assessed by shell strength, shell stiffness, and shell thickness. Yolk quality was determined as yolk color and inclusions of blood and meat spots, and albumen quality was evaluated in terms of pH and dry matter (DM) content. The egg layer genotype produced the smallest eggs with least blood and meat spot inclusions compared to that produced by the three dual-purpose genotypes. Shell quality was superior for the layer genotype. However, the experimental genotype A laid eggs of comparable shell quality, albumen DM, and yolk weight, but also with the darkest and most red-yellow colored yolk. The two other dual-purpose genotypes produced eggs of low-medium quality. In conclusion, the genotype A could serve as dual-purpose genotype from an egg quality perspective.

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