PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: STIMULATION BY GONADOTROPHINS AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α; LACK OF RESPONSE TO ADRENALINE AND ISOPRENALINE

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

Progesterone production was assessed following short-term incubations of luteal cell suspensions prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained at specific times throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Luteal cells responded rapidly and sensitively to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; concentration required for 50% maximum response, 0·1–1·0 i.u./ml) with a maximum level of response (five- to tenfold higher than basal production) similar to that elicited by human LH or N6,02-dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In the absence of gonadotrophin or in the presence of sub-maximal (but not maximal) concentrations of HCG, progesterone production by mid-luteal phase cells was stimulated by prostaglandin F2α (1 μmol/l), an effect not observed during the late-luteal phase. l-Adrenaline and l-isoprenaline failed to elicit significant increases in the level of progesterone production.

CONCENTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α AND STEROIDS IN THE HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. SWANSTON ◽  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
D. T. BAIRD
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

SUMMARY The concentration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), progesterone, pregnenolone, oestradiol-17β, oestrone, androstenedione and testosterone was measured in corpora lutea obtained from 40 women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of PGF2α was significantly higher in corpora lutea immediately after ovulation (26·7 ± 3·9 (s.e.m.) ng/g, P < 0·005) and in corpora albicantia (16·3 ± 3·3 ng/g, P < 0·005) than at any other time during the luteal phase. There was no correlation between the concentration of PGF2α and that of any steroid. The progesterone concentration was highest in corpora lutea just after ovulation (24·9 ± 6·7 μg/g) and in early luteal groups (25·7 ± 6·8 μg/g) but declined significantly (P < 0·05) to its lowest level in corpora albicantia (1·82 ± 0·66 μg/g). The concentration of oestradiol-17β in the corpus luteum and luteal weight were significantly greater during the mid-luteal phase than at any other stage (concentration 282 ± 43 ng/g, P < 0·05; weight 1·86 ± 0·18 g, P < 0·005). The results indicate that regression of the human corpus luteum is not caused by a rise in the ovarian concentration of PGF2α in the late luteal phase of the cycle.

Prostaglandin F2α- and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated progesterone production by cultured human luteal cells in the mid-luteal phase: prostaglandin F2α increases cytosolic Ca2+ and inositol phosphates

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Endo ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
H. Yamamoto ◽  
S. Tanaka ◽  
M. Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

ABSTRACT While prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) has been thought to be a natural luteolysin in non-primates, a luteolytic effect in the human corpus luteum is less evident. We therefore investigated the action of PGF2α on monolayer cultures of human luteal cells obtained from mid-luteal phase corpora lutea. PGF2α increased basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-stimulated progesterone production by human cultured luteal cells. A potent tumour-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), also stimulated progesterone production by cultured human luteal cells. Although human luteal cells were incubated for 24 h with PMA, hCG was still able to stimulate the production of progesterone by PMA-pretreated cells. However, PMA pretreatment blocked the ability of PGF2α to stimulate progesterone production. It is possible that the luteotrophic effect of PGF2α may be mediated, in part, by the activation of protein kinase C. Addition of PGF2α to suspensions of human luteal cells preincubated with myo-[2-3H]inositol promoted an increase in labelled inositol phosphates. PGF2α also rapidly increased intracellular free Ca2+ in human luteal cells loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ probe, fura-2. We conclude that PGF2α and PMA stimulate progesterone production and that PGF2α increases the intracellular free calcium and inositol phosphates of human cultured luteal cells in the mid-luteal phase. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 451–458

STIMULATION BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: COMPARISON WITH PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared with two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared from mid- and late-luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late-luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (1 μmol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone.

Lack of direct inhibitory action of oxytocin on progesterone production by dispersed cells from human corpus luteum

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Richardson ◽  
G. M. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum ◽  
Dispersed Cells

ABSTRACT Suspensions of luteal cells were prepared from samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the luteal phase of menstrual cycles. Addition of oxytocin (1 μmol/l) to the various cell preparations had no effect on either basal production of progesterone or on steroidogenic responses to a range of concentrations of gonadotrophin. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 149–151

Prolactin stimulates steroidogenesis by human luteal tissue in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Human Corpus Luteum

ABSTRACT Human luteal tissue recovered from varying stages of the luteal phase was minced and incubated for 3 h and the effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), prolactin and hCG + prolactin on progesterone and oestradiol production measured. While hCG generally enhanced both progesterone and oestradiol synthesis, prolactin alone at either 20 or 200 μg/l had no significant effect on steroidogenesis. When prolactin was added along with hCG in four of six corpora lutea, however, progesterone production significantly increased and in three of six corpora lutea oestradiol production was increased above that induced by hCG alone. It is concluded that prolactin may play some role in the control of steroidogenesis by the human corpus luteum. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 107–110

RECEPTORS FOR GONADOTROPHIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN BOVINE CORPORA LUTEA OF EARLY, MID AND LATE LUTEAL PHASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. V. Rao ◽  
V. L. Estergreen ◽  
F. R. Carman ◽  
G. E. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Apparent Dissociation Constant ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Dissociation Constant Kd

ABSTRACT A total of 15 corpora lutea representing early (day 3), mid (day 13) and late luteal phase (days 20 and 21–24) were obtained by ovariectomy on cycling cows. The luteal weights and peripheral plasma progesterone levels just prior to ovariectomy, were consistent with the above luteal phases. The specific binding of [125I]human chorionic gonadotrophin to membranes prepared from corpora lutea was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for days 13 and 20 than for days 3 and 21–24. The binding in day 21–24 corpora lutea was higher (P < 0.01) than day 3. Although there was no difference either in number or affinity (apparent dissociation constant (Kd) = 0.04 nm) of gonadotrophin receptors in days 13 and 20 corpora lutea, only in the former did the binding correlate well with plasma progesterone levels. The specific binding of [3H]prostaglandin (PG)F2α to the membranes of these same corpora lutea showed a progressive increase (P < 0.01) from day 3, reached the highest value at a time when corpora lutea were actively regressing (day 20) and then declined (P < 0.01) by day 21–24. Although a considerable number of PGF2α receptors existed at day 13, the affinity of these same receptors was 203 times lower (Kd = 3458 nm) than the affinity of receptors in day 20 corpora lutea (Kd = 17 nm). In summary, the above results show that gonadotrophin receptors correlate with luteotrophic, whereas PGF2α receptors correlate with luteolytic phases in bovine corpora lutea.

scholarly journals Estrogen promotes luteolysis by redistributing prostaglandin F2α receptors within primate luteal cells

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Ok Kim ◽  
Nune Markosyan ◽  
Gerald J Pepe ◽  
Diane M Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Perinuclear Region ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) has been proposed as a functional luteolysin in primates. However, administration of PGF2α or prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in vivo both initiate luteolysis. These contradictory findings may reflect changes in PGF2α receptors (PTGFRs) or responsiveness to PGF2α at a critical point during the life span of the corpus luteum. The current study addressed this question using ovarian cells and tissues from female cynomolgus monkeys and luteinizing granulosa cells from healthy women undergoing follicle aspiration. PTGFRs were present in the cytoplasm of monkey granulosa cells, while PTGFRs were localized in the perinuclear region of large, granulosa-derived monkey luteal cells by mid-late luteal phase. A PTGFR agonist decreased progesterone production in luteal cells obtained at mid-late and late luteal phases, but did not decrease progesterone production by granulosa cells or luteal cells from younger corpora lutea. These findings are consistent with a role for perinuclear PTGFRs in functional luteolysis. This concept was explored using human luteinizing granulosa cells maintained in vitro as a model for luteal cell differentiation. In these cells, PTGFRs relocated from the cytoplasm to the perinuclear area in an estrogen- and estrogen receptor-dependent manner. Similar to our findings with monkey luteal cells, human luteinizing granulosa cells with perinuclear PTGFRs responded to a PTGFR agonist with decreased progesterone production. These data support the concept that PTGFR stimulation promotes functional luteolysis only when PTGFRs are located in the perinuclear region. Estrogen receptor-mediated relocation of PTGFRs within luteal cells may be a necessary step in the initiation of luteolysis in primates.

A POSSIBLE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GONADOTROPHIN STIMULATION AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2α INHIBITION OF STEROIDOGENESIS BY GRANULOSA-LUTEAL CELLS IN VITRO

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. HENDERSON ◽  
K. P. McNATTY
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Luteal Cell ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Lytic Action ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY The newly formed corpus luteum of many species is refractory to the lytic action of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). This phenomenon was studied utilizing porcine, bovine and human granulosa-luteal cells in tissue culture. The steroidogenic potential of the granulosa-luteal cells was critical in determining whether PGF2α could inhibit progesterone production. Since the steroidogenic potential of the granulosa-luteal cell is related to the amount of LH bound to the cell, the bound LH may protect the granulosa-luteal cells from the lytic action of PGF2α. Finally, a 'see-saw' type of interaction between LH and PGF2α is postulated to account for the resistance of the newly formed corpus luteum to PGF2α

Luteolytic effect of prostaglandin F2α in Boran and Boran × Friesian cross-bred heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Mutiga ◽  
E. Mukasa-Mugerwa ◽  
T. Azage
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
The Cross

SUMMARYThe luteolytic effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) during the confirmed luteal phase of the oestrous cycle was evaluated in ten Boran and ten Boran × Friesian cross-bred heifers. Following injection with 25 mg Lutalyse, animals were bled every 6 h for 96 h and plasma progesterone (P4) determined by the ELISA technique. Borans had significantly (P < 0·05) smaller corpora lutea (12·01±0·72 ν. 17·03±2·10 mm) and responded faster to PGF2α injection (65·57±1·40 ν. 78·27±2·18 h) than the cross-bred heifers. However, there was no significant difference in either the initial P4 values (6.24±0·98 ν. 8·00±1·71 ng/ml) or the rate of its decline following PGF2α injection between the two breeds. Values declined sharply to basal levels (11% of the initial pretreatment values) within 48 h in both breeds. All ten cross-breds and eight Borans showed standing oestrus within a week of treatment. However, oestrus was better synchronized (P < 0·05) in Borans than cross-breds. It was concluded that PGF2α is effective for oestrus synchronization in both breeds, but oestrus occurred earlier and was more precise in Borans than in cross-breds.

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