Direct effect of melatonin on the accessory sexual organs in pinealectomized male rats kept in constant darkness

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Shirama ◽  
Tetsuo Furuya ◽  
Yuji Takeo ◽  
Kiyoshi Shimizu ◽  
Kyutaro Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
And Function ◽  
Coagulating Gland

Pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized male rats were subcutaneously implanted with 2 cm silicone elastomer capsules filled with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and placed in constant darkness (DD) for 50 days. The data revealed that the sham-pinealectomized group treated with testosterone differed from the pinealectomized group, having lower weights of accessory sexual organs and levator ani muscle. Pinealectomy had no effect on organ and muscle weights of DHT-treated animals. Exposure of male rats to DD resulted in a marked decrease in weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and levator ani muscle and a decrease in plasma DHT levels. However there was no significant reduction in plasma LH, FSH or testosterone. Pinealectomy of the rats exposed to DD resulted in restoration of both DHT levels and accessory sex organ weights. Melatonin implants in pinealectomized males led to an increase in both testosterone and DHT levels, accompanied by a decrease in sexual organ weights. The data indicate that the anti-gonadal effect of the pineal gland cannot be completely mediated by melatonin and that melatonin and some unknown factors can act at the tissue level to reduce the size and function of the affected sexual organs.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED MALE RATS INJECTED WITH ACTH AND/OR INSULIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Lennart Angervall
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle was studied in castrated male rats after fifteen days of daily injections with ACTH or insulin alone, or in combination. ACTH was given in a dose of 8 IU daily. Insulin was administered in increasing daily doses, i. e. regular insulin up to 8 IU and protamine zinc insulin up to 10 IU. After ACTH treatment there were variable histological signs of stimulation of the dorsolateral prostate, while the other accessory reproductive organs showed no response. Regular insulin produced no quantitative or morphological changes in the accessory reproductive organs, and no morphological signs of increased secretion of the adrenal steroids. Administration of ACTH and regular insulin in combination stimulated the growth of all the accessory reproductive organs. Protamine zinc insulin produced prolonged hypoglycaemia and morphological signs of increase secretion of adrenal steroids, thus the adrenals became enlarged and the thymus atrophic. Protamine zinc insulin stimulated growth of all the accessory reproductive organs, a stimulation which was further accentuated after combination with ACTH. Possible mechanisms for the action of insulin on the male accessory reproductive organs are discussed. The varying response of the different parts of the prostate and the seminal vesicles emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous examination of these organs.

RECOVERY OF GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
A. Folch Pi
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Gonadal Activity ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT Groups of five day old rats were injected with 120 or 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate. When examined at the age of fifty days, the animal presented atrophied testes and marked decreases in the weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle. Treatment with pregnant mare's serum or with testosterone propionate given from day 20 through day 50 fully restored the gonadal activity. The dose of PMS needed to restore spermatogenesis was 10 IU which was given every third day. Testosterone propionate, 1 mg, given daily was equally effective.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON NORMAL RABBITS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ORGANIC REACTION

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502
Author(s):  
Louise Pearce ◽  
Chester M. Van Allen
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Concrete Form

An analysis has been made of the organ weights of normal rabbits exposed to a constant illumination having none of the shorter ultraviolet rays and of other rabbits kept in darkness for periods of 2 to 12 weeks. The environment of constant illumination was associated with a well marked decrease in the relative weights of most organs, and in certain instances this occurred when the organ weights of the controls were becoming increasingly large. There was also an associated effect of stabilization of organ weight. The majority of the organs of rabbits caged in constant darkness also showed a tendency toward decreased and stabilized weights, but these effects were less pronounced than in the rabbits caged under conditions of constant illumination. A notable exception to this general result was the weight of the liver which was markedly increased. The results of this experiment support the conception that there is a relationship between light and the physical state of the animal organism which may be expressed in the concrete form implied by the trend or direction of organ weight.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE AND NANDROLONE AND SOME OF THEIR ESTERS ON THE PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM AND ON THE SEMINAL VESICLE AND LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Leeuwin ◽  
E. Th. Groenewoud
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
T Testosterone

ABSTRACT Testosterone (T), testosterone-propionate (TP), testosterone-phenyl-propionate (TPP), nandrolone (N) (19-nor-testosterone) and nandrolone-phenyl-propionate (NPP) were compared for their effects on the pseudocholinesterase activities in the liver and serum of castrated male rats. In addition changes in the weight of the seminal vesicle and the levator ani muscle were studied. After daily administration of 1 mg of the hormones for ten days, T and TPP showed a more marked depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and seminal vesicle than the corresponding nor-derivatives. TP and TPP have approximately similar effects, exceeding those of T. On the levator ani N and NPP were more effective than T and TPP. At identical total doses, administration of all hormones with intervals of more than one day, produced less depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and less seminal vesicle growth than daily administration. The effects on the levator ani were less influenced by varying intervals. At an interval of four days TPP still had a potent effect on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle, whereas T was almost without effect. Prolonged administration showed that the effects on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle of N and NPP could not reach the maximum effects of T and TPP respectively.

ORAL ANABOLIC:ANDROGENIC EVALUATIONS OF FOUR ANABOLIC STEROIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Arnold ◽  
Gordon O. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Clinical Interest

ABSTRACT Four steroids of potential clinical interest were evaluated in rats for anabolic activity by means of nitrogen balance studies and myotrophically for their effect on the growth of the levator ani muscle. The increase in the weight of the ventral prostate was used as an index of their androgenicity. Under these conditions the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic dissociation ratios were: 17α-methyl-4-chloro-testosterone 0.65:0.12 = 5.4 and 0.32:0.12 = 2.7; 17α-methyl-androst-5-ene-3,17-diol 0.70:0.62 = 1.1 and 0.46:0.62 = 0.7; 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone 4.6:1.1 = 4.2 and 5.8:1.1 = 5.3; and 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate 0.06:0.15 = 0.004 and 0.72:0.15 = 4.8, respectively. While the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic ratios, in general, are of the same order, it should be noted that there was a marked discrepancy between the nitrogen retention:androgenic and the myotrophic:androgenic ratios for 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate.

STUDIES ON EOSINOPHIL GRANULOCYTES.

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Baker ◽  
F. Bergman ◽  
B. Josefsson ◽  
K. G. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
Anterior Prostate ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Castrated, adult male rats were given a long-acting androgen in doses that caused a rapid growth of the anterior prostate lobes, the seminal vesicles, and the levator ani muscle. There was no decrease in the number of mast cells, and no increase in the number of eosinophils.

Mathematical model for the androgenic regulation of the prostate in intact and castrated adult male rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. E952-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Potter ◽  
Michael G. Zager ◽  
Hugh A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Androgenic Regulation ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Kinetics Of

The testicular-hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulates male reproductive system functions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for assessing the reproductive effects of environmental and pharmaceutical androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds. A mathematical model for the dynamics of androgenic synthesis, transport, metabolism, and regulation of the adult rodent ventral prostate was developed on the basis of a model by Barton and Anderson (1997). The model describes the systemic and local kinetics of testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and luteinizing hormone (LH), with metabolism of T to DHT by 5α-reductase in liver and prostate. Also included are feedback loops for the positive regulation of T synthesis by LH and negative regulation of LH by T and DHT. The model simulates maintenance of the prostate as a function of hormone concentrations and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction. The regulatory processes involved in prostate size and function include cell proliferation, apoptosis, fluid production, and 5α-reductase activity. Each process is controlled through the occupancy of a representative gene by androgen-AR dimers. The model simulates prostate dynamics for intact, castrated, and intravenous T-injected rats. After calibration, the model accurately captures the castration-induced regression of the prostate compared with experimental data that show that the prostate regresses to ∼17 and 5% of its intact weight at 14 and 30 days postcastration, respectively. The model also accurately predicts serum T and AR levels following castration compared with data. This model provides a framework for quantifying the kinetics and effects of environmental and pharmaceutical endocrine active compounds on the prostate.

Comparison of Levator Ani Muscle Defects and Function in Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2, Part 1) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. L. DeLancey ◽  
Daniel M. Morgan ◽  
Dee E. Fenner ◽  
Rohna Kearney ◽  
Kenneth Guire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
And Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document