Reduced adrenal cortical sensitivity to ACTH in lambs with cut splanchnic nerves

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Edwards ◽  
C. T. Jones ◽  
S. R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT The possibility that the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to endogenous ACTH may be affected by splanchnic nerve activity has been investigated in conscious, weaned, 5- to 8-month-old lambs. The animals were atropinized (0·5 mg/kg) and tested with an i.v. infusion of noradrenaline (333 ng/kg per min for 10 min), which produced a significant rise in the mean concentration of both ACTH and cortisol in the arterial plasma. In lambs tested at least 7 days after section of both splanchnic nerves, just below the diaphragm, the rise in plasma ACTH concentration was significantly greater, and that in plasma cortisol significantly less, than in control lambs. The mean plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were linearly related to one another in both groups (r = 0·93 and 0·92) but the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to the steroidogenic action of ACTH appeared to have been roughly halved 1 week after bilateral splanchnic nerve section. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 81–85

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTICOSTEROID IN THE PLASMA OF FOETAL SHEEP IN THE LATTER HALF OF PREGNANCY AND DURING LABOUR

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. JONES ◽  
K. BODDY ◽  
J. S. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY The changes in plasma ACTH concentration of pregnant sheep and their foetuses during the latter half of pregnancy and during labour were studied. Before 140 days of gestation the mean concentration in foetal arterial plasma was 117 ± 19 (s.e.m.) pg/ml which rose to a mean of 286 ± 63 pg/ml. The rise in ACTH occurred at about the same time as, but not before, the rise in corticosteroid concentration in foetal plasma. The maternal plasma ACTH concentration did not change during the latter half of pregnancy and had a mean concentration of 64 ± 9 pg/ml. During labour there was a progressive rise in the ACTH concentration in foetal plasma which was not associated with any corticosteroid changes. Ethanol did not suppress labour but reduced the ACTH concentration in foetal plasma.

scholarly journals Effect of delayed plasma centrifugation on equine adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla N. Shepard ◽  
John C. Haffner ◽  
Dwana L. Neal ◽  
Steven T. Grubbs ◽  
Greg L. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean

Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration is used in the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. We enrolled 10 horses, 5 PPID-positive and 5 PPID-negative, in our study, September 20–22, 2016. On day 0, 5 mL of whole blood was collected into each of 6 EDTA tubes and immediately placed in a refrigerator at 7°C. One tube was centrifuged within 15 min of collection, followed by centrifugation of one tube from each horse at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h following collection. At each time, centrifuged plasma was pipetted into 1.5-mL polypropylene tubes and stored at −80°C. None of the plasma samples were turbid, hemolyzed, or icteric. Plasma was shipped frozen with cold packs overnight to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center of Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) for analysis. The percent change from baseline (PCFB) was reported to standardize the data given that baseline values differed. The mean PCFB was 2.8 (95% confidence interval: –2.9%, 7.0%). Neither refrigeration of whole blood for up to 36 h prior to centrifugation nor freezing affected plasma ACTH concentrations significantly.

Direct neural inhibition of insulin secretion in response to systemic hypoglycemia

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Miller ◽  
TH Waid ◽  
MP Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Neural Inhibition ◽  
Arterial Plasma

The innervated pancreas of an anesthetized small "pancreas" dog was cross-perfused with blood from a large "support" dog in order to separate neural from blood-borne influences on the immunoreactive insulin secretion rate (ISR). The arterial plasma reducing sugar (sugar) concentration could be varied independently in the pancreas dog systemic circulation and in its pancreas. After tying of the hepatic arteries and portal vein in the pancreas dog, its systemic arterial plasma sugar concentration was allowed to fall in 10 experiments. This was prevented in five control experiments by intravenous glucose infusion (7 mg/kg-min). In all experiments, pancreatic arterial plasma sugar concentration was sustained, and at 40 min it was elevated 50 mg/100 ml by glucose infusion into the pancreatic blood supply. Bilateral splanchnic nerve section at 120 min caused an increase of the ISR in all experiments, but a greater rise occurred from the pancreases of the 10 dogs allowed to become hypoglycemic (P less than .02). In two further experiments, the splanchnic nerves were not cut, and no rise in ISR occurred. In conclusion, systemic hypoglycemia can inhibit insulin secretion by means of the splanchnic nerves.

HETEROLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PLASMA HUMAN PROLACTIN (hPRL); VALUES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, PUBERTY, PREGNANCY AND IN PITUITARY DISORDERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Aubert ◽  
M. M. Grumbach ◽  
S. L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Human Prolactin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT A heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin (hPRL) was developed, using a rabbit anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) which cross-reacted with hPRL and hPRL (Lewis 203-1) as tracer and standard. The sensitivity (0.02 ng hPRL) and the values obtained were comparable to those in homologous assays. When the immunoreactivity of a variety of hPRL preparations was compared, Friesen-71 hPRL was the most immunoreactive preparation, Lewis 203-1 and 201-195-1 hPRL had 75.6%, Friesen-C hPRL 54.4 %, and the Medical Research Council Standard (# 71-222) 27.5% of the immunoreactivity of Friesen-71 hPRL. hPRL content in 6 hGH preparations ranged from 0.001 to 0.2 %. Antibodies to hPRL were detected in 2 anti-hGH sera. The mean concentration of plasma hPRL in adult females (8.5 ± 1.5 ng/ml ± se) was significantly higher than in males (5.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.025). Plasma values of hPRL in girls between 4 and 17 years of age (7.2 ± 0.5) were not significantly different than in boys of the same age (6.0 ± 0.5). No variation in basal levels was found during puberty in girls, or with age in boys. The concentration of plasma hPRL was increased in pregnant women, newborn infants and in patients with galactorrhoea. Anencephalic infants had hPRL levels comparable to healthy newborns. The mean concentrations of plasma hPRL in patients with idiopathic isolated hGH deficiency or with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Low to normal basal levels were measured in patients with hypothalamic tumour. Eight of 22 acromegalic patients had elevated hPRL levels; 5 female acromegalics had a significant rise in plasma hPRL values following injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF), but no increase after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF). In conclusion, the heterologous radioimmunoassay for hPRL, using an anti-oPRL serum, has the requisite specificity, sensitivity, precision and reproducibility for clinical use.

THE EFFECT OF METYRAPONE ON CORTICOTROPHIN SECRETION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. DONALD ◽  
E. A. ESPINER ◽  
D. W. BEAVEN
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Acth Level ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adrenal Disease ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Acth Release

SUMMARY The plasma immunoreactive corticotrophin (ACTH) response to metyrapone (1 g orally at 08.00 h, and 6 hourly thereafter for 48 h) was analysed in 20 patients with a normal oxogenic steroid response. A greater than threefold rise in the mean plasma ACTH concentration was observed within 24 h. The mean plasma ACTH level at 08.00 h on the 2nd day of the test was significantly higher than the mean level at 16.00 h, indicating that the diurnal rhythm in ACTH release persists despite metyrapone administration. The degree of rhythmicity, as assessed by the ratio of the means of the 08.00 and 16.00 h ACTH values on the 2nd day of metyrapone administration, was comparable to, but slightly less than that observed in untreated normal controls. The ACTH response to reduction of circulating cortisol levels was also studied by interrupting steroid replacement therapy for 24 h in eight patients with adrenal disease. The observed increase in plasma ACTH was more variable than that after metyrapone, the rapidity of the ACTH rise possibly being influenced by the details of previous replacement therapy and the severity of the adrenal disease. There was no significant difference in the plasma ACTH response to metyrapone and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 13 patients whose pituitary function had been assessed by each of these procedures.

DISTRIBUTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α WITHIN THE FOETOPLACENTAL UNIT THROUGHOUT HUMAN PREGNANCY

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE A. WILLMAN ◽  
W. P. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α

SUMMARY The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and F2α have been measured by radioimmunoassay in portions of cord, placenta, amnion, chorion, decidua and myometrium. The samples were obtained at defined periods of pregnancy, and the results have been compared with those obtained from the analyses of endometrial and myometrial tissue removed from women during the secretory phase of a menstrual cycle. The results showed that during pregnancy the mean concentration of prostaglandin E2 was higher (27–518%) than the corresponding value for prostaglandin F2α in all tissues. At term the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (ng/100 mg wet weight of tissue, mean ± S.D.) was higher in the umbilical cord 5·54 ± 0·88), decidua (4·02 ± 1·78) and myometrium (4·19 ± 1·06), than in the amnion (2·25 ± 1·27), chorion (1·64 ± 0·63) or placenta (1·04 ± 0·25). During labour there was a significant rise (P < 0·0005, Student's `t' test) in the concentration in decidua (10·76 ± 4·45), and to a lesser extent (P < 0·05) in the myometrium (5·84 ± 2·65) and amnion (4·77 ± 2·51). The overall concentration in decidua during the first trimester (3·09± 1·02) was significantly lower (P < 0·005) than in endometrial tissue (16·82 ± 10·13). The concentration was lower in myometrial tissue from non-pregnant subjects (2·90 ± 2·21), than in the corresponding tissue removed at term (4·19 ± 1·06) or during labour (5·84 ± 2·65). The results for prostaglandin F2α showed a similar pattern, but the values were significantly lower in the umbilical cord, and the percentage changes in concentration in the decidua and myometrium were of a higher magnitude.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Inflammation Markers (CRP, IL-6, sCD40L) and Colorectal Cancer Stage, Grade, Size and Location

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽  
Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska ◽  
Anna Justyna Milewska ◽  
Justyna Zińczuk ◽  
Joanna Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was the evaluation whether in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 55): age, sex, TNM classification results, WHO grade, tumor location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), tumor size, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet component (MCP), levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA 19-9), as well as soluble lectin adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectins) may influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, CRP, and sCD40L. We found that CRP concentration evaluation in routine clinical practice may have an advantage as a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients, as this protein the most comprehensively reflects clinicopathological features of the tumor. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that in CRC patients: (1) with an increase in PLT by 10 × 103/μL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 3.4%; (2) with an increase in CA 19-9 of 1 U/mL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 0.7%; (3) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 3.631 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (4) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases by 4.916 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (5) with metastases (T1-4N+M+) the mean CRP concentration increases 4.183 times compared to non-metastatic patients (T1-4N0M0); (6) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 2.175 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (7) in patients with tumor size > 3 cm, the CRP concentration is about 2 times higher than in patients with tumor size ≤ 3 cm. In the multivariate linear regression model, the variables that influence the mean CRP value in CRC patients included: WHO grade and tumor localization. R2 for the created model equals 0.50, which indicates that this model explains 50% of the variance in the dependent variable. In CRC subjects: (1) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration rises 3.924 times relative to the WHO 1 grade; (2) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 4.721 times in relation to the WHO 1 grade; (3) with a tumor located in the rectum, the mean CRP concentration rises 2.139 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (4) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 1.998 times compared to the tumor located in the distal colon; if other model parameters are fixed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document