DISTRIBUTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α WITHIN THE FOETOPLACENTAL UNIT THROUGHOUT HUMAN PREGNANCY

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE A. WILLMAN ◽  
W. P. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α

SUMMARY The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and F2α have been measured by radioimmunoassay in portions of cord, placenta, amnion, chorion, decidua and myometrium. The samples were obtained at defined periods of pregnancy, and the results have been compared with those obtained from the analyses of endometrial and myometrial tissue removed from women during the secretory phase of a menstrual cycle. The results showed that during pregnancy the mean concentration of prostaglandin E2 was higher (27–518%) than the corresponding value for prostaglandin F2α in all tissues. At term the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (ng/100 mg wet weight of tissue, mean ± S.D.) was higher in the umbilical cord 5·54 ± 0·88), decidua (4·02 ± 1·78) and myometrium (4·19 ± 1·06), than in the amnion (2·25 ± 1·27), chorion (1·64 ± 0·63) or placenta (1·04 ± 0·25). During labour there was a significant rise (P < 0·0005, Student's `t' test) in the concentration in decidua (10·76 ± 4·45), and to a lesser extent (P < 0·05) in the myometrium (5·84 ± 2·65) and amnion (4·77 ± 2·51). The overall concentration in decidua during the first trimester (3·09± 1·02) was significantly lower (P < 0·005) than in endometrial tissue (16·82 ± 10·13). The concentration was lower in myometrial tissue from non-pregnant subjects (2·90 ± 2·21), than in the corresponding tissue removed at term (4·19 ± 1·06) or during labour (5·84 ± 2·65). The results for prostaglandin F2α showed a similar pattern, but the values were significantly lower in the umbilical cord, and the percentage changes in concentration in the decidua and myometrium were of a higher magnitude.

CHANGES IN OVARIAN AND PITUITARY FUNCTION IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN DURING THE INFUSION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Elias ◽  
J. R. Newton ◽  
W. P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT The concentrations of prostaglandin F2α, progesterone, oestradiol, LH and cortisol have been determined in serial samples of peripheral venous plasma, before, during and after, the intravenous administration of prostaglandin F2α (50 μg/min, for 5 h) to 8 women in the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. The results show that the mean concentrations of prostaglandin F2α and cortisol increased during the infusion by factors of 8.8 and 2.6 respectively. The highest levels of cortisol occurred after 3 h, and were significantly different (P < 0.0005, Student's t-test) from those obtained before the infusion. There were progressive decreases in the concentrations of LH and progesterone. After 3 h the values for LH were significantly lower (P < 0.0025) than those before the administration of prostaglandin F2α, and the lowest mean value was 26 % of the control. The values for progesterone were significantly lower (P < 0.025) after 5 h, and the mean value at this time was 38 % of the control. The pattern of the mean concentration for oestradiol was similar to that for progesterone. The levels of all 5 compounds had returned to normal within 1 h after completion of the infusion. The findings are discussed.

The luteotrophic actions of prostaglandins E2 and F2α on dispersed marmoset luteal cells are differentially mediated via cyclic AMP and protein kinase C

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Michael ◽  
D. R. E. Abayasekara ◽  
G. E. Webley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α

ABSTRACT Progesterone production by dispersed luteal cells obtained from the marmoset monkey on day 14 after ovulation can be stimulated by both prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and its structural analogue, cloprostenol. To establish whether these responses can be attributed to cross-reaction with the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor, this study compared the involvement of cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase C (PKC) in the luteotrophic responses to PGE2, PGF2α and cloprostenol. While all three prostaglandins stimulated similar increases in progesterone production (239·5 ± 7·9% of control; P <0·01), only PGE2 stimulated a significant increase in cAMP accumulation (373·2 ± 28·4% of control; P <0·01). This study is the first to demonstrate PKC activity in the marmoset ovary. Following down-regulation of PKC with a tumour-promoting phorbol ester, 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4β-PMA), basal progesterone production was significantly increased (150·9 ± 8·2% of control; P <0·05) and the luteotrophic effects of PGF2α and cloprostenol were no longer evident, whereas the response to PGE2 was unaffected. These observations are consistent with the differential involvement of cAMP and PKC in the luteotrophic responses to PGE2 and PGF2α/cloprostenol respectively. Hence, we conclude that the luteotrophic actions of prostaglandins E2 and F2α on dispersed marmoset luteal cells are mediated via different receptors and signal transduction pathways. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 291–298

Reduced adrenal cortical sensitivity to ACTH in lambs with cut splanchnic nerves

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Edwards ◽  
C. T. Jones ◽  
S. R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Acth Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT The possibility that the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to endogenous ACTH may be affected by splanchnic nerve activity has been investigated in conscious, weaned, 5- to 8-month-old lambs. The animals were atropinized (0·5 mg/kg) and tested with an i.v. infusion of noradrenaline (333 ng/kg per min for 10 min), which produced a significant rise in the mean concentration of both ACTH and cortisol in the arterial plasma. In lambs tested at least 7 days after section of both splanchnic nerves, just below the diaphragm, the rise in plasma ACTH concentration was significantly greater, and that in plasma cortisol significantly less, than in control lambs. The mean plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were linearly related to one another in both groups (r = 0·93 and 0·92) but the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to the steroidogenic action of ACTH appeared to have been roughly halved 1 week after bilateral splanchnic nerve section. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 81–85

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Muscle Tissue of Pterois volitans from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montoya-Mendoza ◽  
Alarcón-Reyes ◽  
Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Zamudio-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle of 30 specimens of Pterois volitans, captured on April 2018, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. Concentrations, in the samples, were quantified with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), after microwave digestion. Results of the mean concentration, in descending order were V = 7.3 ± 0.7; Pb = 0.66 ± 0.07; Zn = 0.43 ± 0.14; and Cd = 0.03 ± 0.01 mg kg−¹ dry weight. These values did not exceeded limits established in the Mexican National Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009), of Cd and Pb (0.5 mg kg–¹) wet weight. This means that consumption of lionfish from this site does not pose a potential risk for human health.

Influence of prostaglandins E2 and F2α on passage pressure across the uterotubal junction and isthmus in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ortega-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Regulation Of Transport ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α

The influence of prostaglandins E2 and F2α on passage pressure across the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and isthmus were studied in rats that were either in the pro-oestrus, oestrus, metoestrus or dioestrus phases. Effects of these prostaglandins were also investigated in rats that had been either ovariectomized and treated with oestradiol or medroxiprogesterone acetate, or only ovariectomized. In each rat, the left UTJ was surgically resected and the isthmus anastomosed to the uterine horn, whereas the right UTJ was left untouched. The passage pressures across the left isthmus and the right UTJ were measured before and after prostaglandin treatment. The pressures obtained in the UTJ in the oestrus phase and oestrogen-treated ovariectomized animals were lower than those registered in the remaining groups. Prostaglandin E2 decreased the pressures when compared with pre-treatment measures in all groups. Significantly higher pressures were registered across the UTJ in prostaglandin F2α than in E2 treatment, with these higher pressures being similar to pre-treatment pressures. Both hormonal changes throughout the oestrous cycle and prostaglandin E2 treatment had a similar influence on the passage pressure across the isthmus, as that described for UTT, but with lower values. The results indicate that prostaglandin E2 decreases the passage pressure across both UTJ and isthmus and can have an influence on the regulation of transport across these 2 areas.

Total mercury concentrations in sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Fabris ◽  
C Monahan ◽  
G Nicholson ◽  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Total mercury concentrations were measured in the axial muscle tissues of 562 sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a total of 37 sites within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Mean concentrations of mercury (0.23 �0.18�g g-1 wet weight) were less than half (P<0.05) of those recorded for this species during 1975-78 and below the Victorian health standard for fish and fish products (i.e. less than a mean concentration of 0.5 �g g-1 wet weight) at all 37 sites. During the 1975-78 period, mercury concentrations in sand flathead from the bay were reported to decrease from north to south and from east to west. During 1990, however, mercury concentrations were found to be related to the water depth at which the fish were sampled. Sand flathead from the deeper (22 m) waters of the bay had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean mercury concentrations than did those collected from shallower (7 m) waters. The overall mean mercury concentration in sand flathead from the bay during 1990 approached the mean concentration in sand flathead collected from six sites in Bass Strait (0.22 �g g-1) during 1975-78, although the range of concentrations for the Port Phillip Bay samples (0.01- 0.89 �g g-1) was wider than that for the Bass Strait samples (0.1-0.33 �g g-1).

Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17β and 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α in the pregnant wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Walker ◽  
R. T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Secretions ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol-17β in the maternal plasma of Bennett's wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus, were measured daily throughout gestation after reactivation of the diapausing corpus luteum by removal of the suckling pouch young (RPY). Progesterone increased from mean concentrations of 382–424 pmol/l (120–133 pg/ml) during lactation to reach peak concentrations of 908 ± 172 (s.e.m.) pmol/l (285 ± 54 pg/ml) (n = 8) 4 days after RPY and 971 ± 220 and 971 ± 229 pmol/l (305 ± 69 and 305 ± 72 pg/ml) (n = 7) 24 and 25 days after RPY respectively. The mean gestation length (RPY to birth) was 26·8 ± 0·6 (s.d.) days (n = 6, range 25·75–27·50 days). Immediately after birth the plasma progesterone concentration declined to 299 ± 51 (s.e.m.) pmol/l (94 ± 16 pg/ml) (n=6). Oestradiol-17β increased from mean concentrations of 291–553 pmol/l (80–152 pg/ml) during lactation to reach a peak concentration of 967 ± 331 pmol/l (266 ± 91 pg/ml) (n = 9) 1 day after RPY. The concentration declined from 7 days after RPY and fluctuated between mean concentrations of 273 and 480 pmol/l before reaching a minimum of 207 ± 69 pmol/l (57 ± 19 pg/ml) (n = 6) 19 days after RPY. A transient increase to 542 ± 207 pmol/l (n = 7) occurred at 22 days after RPY. Plasma concentrations declined to a low of 156 ± 55 pmol/l (43 ± 15 pg/ml) (n = 6) 5 days after parturition. The mean concentration of plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α was less than 2·8 nmol/l (1 ng/ml) for all samples from 13 days after RPY until 4 days after parturition. The results suggest that oestradiol-17β may be important in the early stages of blastocyst reactivation to synergize with progesterone in stimulating uterine secretions. 13,14-Dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α is unlikely to be involved in the birth process and any luteolytic effect is likely to be from a local production of PGF2α.

HETEROLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR PLASMA HUMAN PROLACTIN (hPRL); VALUES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS, PUBERTY, PREGNANCY AND IN PITUITARY DISORDERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Aubert ◽  
M. M. Grumbach ◽  
S. L. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Human Prolactin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT A heterologous radioimmunoassay for human prolactin (hPRL) was developed, using a rabbit anti-ovine PRL (oPRL) which cross-reacted with hPRL and hPRL (Lewis 203-1) as tracer and standard. The sensitivity (0.02 ng hPRL) and the values obtained were comparable to those in homologous assays. When the immunoreactivity of a variety of hPRL preparations was compared, Friesen-71 hPRL was the most immunoreactive preparation, Lewis 203-1 and 201-195-1 hPRL had 75.6%, Friesen-C hPRL 54.4 %, and the Medical Research Council Standard (# 71-222) 27.5% of the immunoreactivity of Friesen-71 hPRL. hPRL content in 6 hGH preparations ranged from 0.001 to 0.2 %. Antibodies to hPRL were detected in 2 anti-hGH sera. The mean concentration of plasma hPRL in adult females (8.5 ± 1.5 ng/ml ± se) was significantly higher than in males (5.2 ± 0.5; P = 0.025). Plasma values of hPRL in girls between 4 and 17 years of age (7.2 ± 0.5) were not significantly different than in boys of the same age (6.0 ± 0.5). No variation in basal levels was found during puberty in girls, or with age in boys. The concentration of plasma hPRL was increased in pregnant women, newborn infants and in patients with galactorrhoea. Anencephalic infants had hPRL levels comparable to healthy newborns. The mean concentrations of plasma hPRL in patients with idiopathic isolated hGH deficiency or with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Low to normal basal levels were measured in patients with hypothalamic tumour. Eight of 22 acromegalic patients had elevated hPRL levels; 5 female acromegalics had a significant rise in plasma hPRL values following injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF), but no increase after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF). In conclusion, the heterologous radioimmunoassay for hPRL, using an anti-oPRL serum, has the requisite specificity, sensitivity, precision and reproducibility for clinical use.

scholarly journals Appraisal of A1c% level in healthy Sudanese pregnant women in reference to body mass index

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Abdelgadir Ali Elmugadam ◽  
Marwan Ismail ◽  
Abdelgadir Eltom
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Pregnancy is a major endocrine event in the female lifespan, involving wide-ranged and often dramatic changes in the metabolism of various hormones. Cross sectional, case control, analytical quantitative study was conducted in Sudan, Khartoum state in Yastabsheron obstetric hospital during the period from March to August 2011. Analytical and statistical methods were applied to measure the concentration of A1c% in healthy pregnant women as well as in healthy non-pregnant women to assess the difference in the results.Methods: Blood samples were taken from a total of 90 healthy pregnant women (case group) and 30 healthy non-pregnant women (control group), then samples were analyzed for A1c% by using affinity chromatography technique, and results were recorded in addition to their age, body mass index and the number of pregnancies.Results: showed that, the mean concentration of the A1c% in cases group was (4.407±1.054%) in first trimester, (4.797±0.631) % in second trimester and (4.833±0.626) % in third trimester, and (5.670±0.471%) in control group with a P value of 0.00, indicating the highly significant difference between the two groups. Others finding showed that the mean concentration of A1c% of the first trimester is lower than that of the second and third trimesters, also there was no significant difference between the mean concentration of the second and third trimester. A significant weak positive correlation between A1c% concentration with body mass index and the age of pregnant women.Conclusions: Healthy normal pregnant women have lower A1c% concentrations than non-pregnant women which can be impute to the reduce in plasma glucose values and to the shortened erythrocyte life span that can occur during pregnancy. The body mass index and age affect the concentration of A1c% c, but it is not affected by gravida.

Radioimmunoassay of bile acids in tissue, bile, and urine.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Wildgrube ◽  
H Stockhausen ◽  
P Metz ◽  
G Mauritz ◽  
R Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Two commercially available (Abbott Labs.) radioimmunoassays for determination of conjugated cholic acid and sulfoglycolithocholic acid in serum have been modified for bile acid measurements in alcoholic tissue extracts, bile, and urine. The specificity of both radioimmunoassays has been determined with regard to 27 free and conjugated bile acids. After filtration, bile acids can be measured in urine and bile without prior extraction. Tissue is homogenized and the bile acids are extracted into methanol. Urinary excretion by 64 healthy humans was 2.09 (SD 1.09) mumol of conjugated cholic acid and 8.44 (SD 8.03) mumol of sulfated glycolithocholic acid per 24 h. In liver from 10 patients with various noncholestatic liver disease, the mean concentration of conjugated cholic acid was 32.4 (SD 15.9) nmol/g wet weight. In the liver of 27 male Wistar rats, the concentration of conjugated cholic acid was 41.3 (SD 11.7) nmol/g of tissue, of sulfoglycolithocholic acid 5.1 (SD 2.3) nmol/g of tissue.

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