scholarly journals The Relationship between Inflammation Markers (CRP, IL-6, sCD40L) and Colorectal Cancer Stage, Grade, Size and Location

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Olga Martyna Koper-Lenkiewicz ◽  
Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska ◽  
Anna Justyna Milewska ◽  
Justyna Zińczuk ◽  
Joanna Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was the evaluation whether in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (n = 55): age, sex, TNM classification results, WHO grade, tumor location (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum), tumor size, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), mean platelet component (MCP), levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA 19-9), as well as soluble lectin adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectins) may influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers: IL-6, CRP, and sCD40L. We found that CRP concentration evaluation in routine clinical practice may have an advantage as a prognostic biomarker in CRC patients, as this protein the most comprehensively reflects clinicopathological features of the tumor. Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that in CRC patients: (1) with an increase in PLT by 10 × 103/μL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 3.4%; (2) with an increase in CA 19-9 of 1 U/mL, the mean concentration of CRP increases by 0.7%; (3) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 3.631 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (4) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases by 4.916 times relative to the WHO 1 grade group; (5) with metastases (T1-4N+M+) the mean CRP concentration increases 4.183 times compared to non-metastatic patients (T1-4N0M0); (6) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 2.175 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (7) in patients with tumor size > 3 cm, the CRP concentration is about 2 times higher than in patients with tumor size ≤ 3 cm. In the multivariate linear regression model, the variables that influence the mean CRP value in CRC patients included: WHO grade and tumor localization. R2 for the created model equals 0.50, which indicates that this model explains 50% of the variance in the dependent variable. In CRC subjects: (1) with the WHO 2 grade, the mean CRP concentration rises 3.924 times relative to the WHO 1 grade; (2) with the WHO 3 grade, the mean CRP concentration increases 4.721 times in relation to the WHO 1 grade; (3) with a tumor located in the rectum, the mean CRP concentration rises 2.139 times compared to a tumor located in the distal colon; (4) with a tumor located in the proximal colon, the mean concentration of CRP increases 1.998 times compared to the tumor located in the distal colon; if other model parameters are fixed.

scholarly journals Application of Fuzzy Linear Regression with Symmetric Parameter for Predicting Tumor Size of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ammar Shafi ◽  
Mohd Saifullah Rusiman ◽  
Siti Nabilah Syuhada Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Regression

scholarly journals Subsite-Specific Dietary Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Cohort Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Hjartåker ◽  
Bjarte Aagnes ◽  
Trude Eid Robsahm ◽  
Hilde Langseth ◽  
Freddie Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Dietary Components

Objective. A shift in the total incidence from left- to right-sided colon cancer has been reported and raises the question as to whether lifestyle risk factors are responsible for the changing subsite distribution of colon cancer. The present study provides a review of the subsite-specific risk estimates for the dietary components presently regarded as convincing or probable risk factors for colorectal cancer: red meat, processed meat, fiber, garlic, milk, calcium, and alcohol.Methods. Studies were identified by searching PubMed through October 8, 2012 and by reviewing reference lists. Thirty-two prospective cohort studies are included, and the estimates are compared by sex for each risk factor.Results. For alcohol, there seems to be a stronger association with rectal cancer than with colon cancer, and for meat a somewhat stronger association with distal colon and rectal cancer, relative to proximal colon cancer. For fiber, milk, and calcium, there were only minor differences in relative risk across subsites. No statement could be given regarding garlic. Overall, many of the subsite-specific risk estimates were nonsignificant, irrespective of exposure.Conclusion. For some dietary components the associations with risk of cancer of the rectum and distal colon appear stronger than for proximal colon, but not for all.

scholarly journals A Systematic Comparison of Microsimulation Models of Colorectal Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Kuntz ◽  
Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar ◽  
Carolyn M. Rutter ◽  
Amy B. Knudsen ◽  
Marjolein van Ballegooijen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Deep Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
The Impact

Background. As the complexity of microsimulation models increases, concerns about model transparency are heightened. Methods. The authors conducted model “experiments” to explore the impact of variations in “deep” model parameters using 3 colorectal cancer (CRC) models. All natural history models were calibrated to match observed data on adenoma prevalence and cancer incidence but varied in their underlying specification of the adenocarcinoma process. The authors projected CRC incidence among individuals with an underlying adenoma or preclinical cancer v. those without any underlying condition and examined the impact of removing adenomas. They calculated the percentage of simulated CRC cases arising from adenomas that developed within 10 or 20 years prior to cancer diagnosis and estimated dwell time—defined as the time from the development of an adenoma to symptom-detected cancer in the absence of screening among individuals with a CRC diagnosis. Results. The 20-year CRC incidence among 55-year-old individuals with an adenoma or preclinical cancer was 7 to 75 times greater than in the condition-free group. The removal of all adenomas among the subgroup with an underlying adenoma or cancer resulted in a reduction of 30% to 89% in cumulative incidence. Among CRCs diagnosed at age 65 years, the proportion arising from adenomas formed within 10 years ranged between 4% and 67%. The mean dwell time varied from 10.6 to 25.8 years. Conclusions. Models that all match observed data on adenoma prevalence and cancer incidence can produce quite different dwell times and very different answers with respect to the effectiveness of interventions. When conducting applied analyses to inform policy, using multiple models provides a sensitivity analysis on key (unobserved) “deep” model parameters and can provide guidance about specific areas in need of additional research and validation.

Limited time Interval between Symptomatic Presentation in Primary Care and Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephina G. Kuiper ◽  
Myrthe P.P. Herk-Sukel ◽  
Valery E.P.P. Lemmens ◽  
Ernst J. Kuipers ◽  
Ron M.C. Herings
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Time Interval

Abstract Background: Timely recognition of colorectal cancer related symptoms is essential to reduce time to diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the primary healthcare use preceding a colorectal cancer diagnosis.Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted using data from a cohort of linked data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) and the PHARMO General Practitioner (GP) Database (NCR-PHARMO GP cohort). Primary healthcare use among colorectal cancer cases before diagnosis was compared with matched cancer-free controls. Information on primary health care use was derived from the GP Database of the PHARMO Database Network and included all GP consultations and prescribed medication. Mean monthly number of GP consultations and new drugs users was assessed in the year before index date (diagnosis date for cases). Results were stratified by colorectal cancer site: proximal colon cancer, distal colon cancer and rectal cancer.Results: While mean monthly number of GP consultation were stable through the year among cancer-free controls, a statistical significant increase was seen among colorectal cancer cases in the last 4-8 months before diagnosis. Proximal colon cancer cases showed the longest time interval of increased mean monthly number of GP consultations. This increase was largely driven by a consultation for malignant neoplasm colon/rectum. The number of new drug users was stable around 120 per 1,000 persons per month until 8 months before index date for proximal colon cancer cases, 4 months before index date for distal colon cancer cases and 3 months for rectal cancer cases. This increase was mainly driven by the prescription of laxatives drugs.Conclusion: A relatively short time interval of increased GP consultations and new drug users was seen before colorectal cancer diagnosis. The longest period of increased GP consultations and new drugs users was seen among patients diagnosed with proximal colon cancer. This can be explained by the difficultly to diagnose proximal colon cancer given the more subtle signs compared to distal colon cancer and rectal cancer. Therefore, faster diagnosis for this specific tumour subtype is only possible when clear clinical signs and symptoms are present.

scholarly journals CD24 can be used to isolate Lgr5+ putative colonic epithelial stem cells in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. King ◽  
Richard J. von Furstenberg ◽  
Brian J. Smith ◽  
Kirk K. McNaughton ◽  
Joseph A. Galanko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Egfp Expression ◽  
Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Normal Colonic Epithelium ◽  
Crypt Base

A growing body of evidence has implicated CD24, a cell-surface protein, as a marker of colorectal cancer stem cells and target for antitumor therapy, although its presence in normal colonic epithelium has not been fully characterized. Previously, our group showed that CD24-based cell sorting can be used to isolate a fraction of murine small intestinal epithelial cells enriched in actively cycling stem cells. Similarly, we hypothesized that CD24-based isolation of colonic epithelial cells would generate a fraction enriched in actively cycling colonic epithelial stem cells (CESCs). Immunohistochemistry performed on mouse colonic tissue showed CD24 expression in the bottom half of proximal colon crypts and the crypt base in the distal colon. This pattern of distribution was similar to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in Lgr5-EGFP mice. Areas expressing CD24 contained actively proliferating cells as determined by ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, with a distinct difference between the proximal colon, where EdU-labeled cells were most frequent in the midcrypt, and the distal colon, where they were primarily at the crypt base. Flow cytometric analyses of single epithelial cells, identified by epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) positivity, from mouse colon revealed an actively cycling CD24+ fraction that contained the majority of Lgr5-EGFP+ putative CESCs. Transcript analysis by quantitative RT-PCR confirmed enrichment of active CESC markers [leucine-rich-repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), ephrin type B receptor 2 (EphB2), and CD166] in the CD24+EpCAM+ fraction but also showed enrichment of quiescent CESC markers [leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobin domains (Lrig), doublecortin and calmodulin kinase-like 1 (DCAMKL-1), and murine telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert)]. We conclude that CD24-based sorting in wild-type mice isolates a colonic epithelial fraction highly enriched in actively cycling and quiescent putative CESCs. Furthermore, the presence of CD24 expression in normal colonic epithelium may have important implications for the use of anti-CD24-based colorectal cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of endoscopic and histopathological features of superficial elevated lesions resected by endoscopic mucosal resection in the distal and proximal colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
ARTUR ADOLFO PARADA ◽  
CARMEN AUSTRALIA PAREDE MARCONDES RIBAS ◽  
FILADELFIO EUCLYDES VENCO ◽  
JOSÉ CELSO ARDENGH ◽  
MARIANA AMARAL REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mucosal Resection ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Histopathologic Features

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare endoscopic and histopathologic features of superficial, elevated lesions with one or more centimeters in diameter, diagnosed by videocolonoscopy on the distal and proximal colon, and subjected to mucosal resection. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study involving 8,075 videocolonoscopies. From this total, we evaluated 166 mucosectomies in 145 patients with superficial, elevated lesions with a diameter equal to or greater than 1cm. Results: the lesion prevalence was lower in G1 than in G2 (34.9% vs. 65%). The mean age, gender distribution and size (1.9cm in G1 versus 2.0cm in G2, p=0.921) were similar. There was no difference of mucosal surfaces in relation to the location (p=0.575). Considering Intraepithelial neoplasias, both the low grade, high grade (including carcinomas) and hyperplasic ones showedd no difference (p=0.527), nor did the neoplastic lesions when divided into serrated and non-serrated (p=0.124). Excluding 13 hyperplastic lesions and two carcinomas, 124 (82.1%) were non-serrated and 27 (17.9%), serrated. Conclusion: were found no significant differences between endoscopic and histopathological aspects of superficial, elevated lesions of 1cm or more in diameter in distal colon compared with the proximal, when resected by mucosectomy. Although not significant, there was a tendency of association between the location of the lesion and the presence of serrated features.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Motilin Receptor in Various Parts of Gastrointestinal Tract in Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
DongYan Yang ◽  
ChengYan Wang ◽  
LanLan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Expression Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Motilin Receptor

Objectives. The presence of motilin receptor in the GI tract of different animal species has been verified. However, the quantitation of motilin receptor expression in different regions of the GI tract remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of motilin receptor in the GI tract and semiquantitatively compare the expression difference in different GI regions in dogs.Methods. Antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, middle colon, and distal colon were obtained from various parts of the GI tract of six sacrificed dogs. The distribution of motilin receptor was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of motilin receptor mRNA in different regions were measured by RT-PCR.Results. Motilin receptor was expressed throughout the GI tract in dogs. Multiple comparisons of the mean motilin receptor mRNA expression among various regions were significant(P<0.05). Motilin receptor mRNA was extensively expressed in duodenum, followed by ileum, jejunum, proximal colon, antrum, middle colon, and distal colon. Immunohistochemistry revealed that motilin receptor immunoreactivity was observed only in the enteric nervous system.Conclusion. Motilin receptor is expressed differentially along the GI tract in dogs. The significantly high expression of motilin receptor mRNA is found in the duodenum.

Effect of fluid perfusion and cleansing on canine colonic motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G62-G68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Colonic Motor ◽  
Colonic Motor Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Giant Migrating Contractions

We investigated the effect of absorbable and nonabsorbable fluid perfusion and cleansing on colonic motor activity in eight intact conscious dogs. Each dog was instrumented with an indwelling catheter in the proximal colon and seven strain gauge transducers on the entire colon. After an overnight fast, a control recording was made for 3 h, followed by 3 h of perfusion and 3 additional h of postperfusion recording. Next day, a 3-h recording was made when the colon was empty. The colon exhibited normal migrating and nonmigrating motor complexes in the control uncleansed state. The perfusion of absorbable electrolyte or nonabsorbable Colyte solution immediately disrupted the migrating motor complexes and replaced them with almost continuous but irregular contractions at all recording sites. Both solutions significantly prolonged the mean and total duration per hour of contractile states in the proximal, middle, and distal colon. The dogs began to leak fluid stools in squirts approximately 40-80 min after the start of perfusion. This type of incontinence was not associated with any specific type of motor activity. Infrequently, giant migrating contractions occurred during perfusion and caused explosive diarrhea. The migrating motor complexes remained disrupted during the 3-h postperfusion period. However, on the next day, the empty colon exhibited normal migrating motor complexes. The frequency of giant migrating contractions during perfusion and in the empty colon was significantly greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. The total duration per hour of colonic motor activity in the empty colon was also greater than that in the normal uncleansed colon. We conclude that excessive fluid in the colon significantly alters its motor pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Detection of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in non-Caucasian patients.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 417-417
Author(s):  
Maria C. Russell ◽  
Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas ◽  
George J. Chang ◽  
John Michael Skibber ◽  
Barry W. Feig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Dna Mismatch ◽  
Pathogenic Mutations ◽  
Hereditary Nonpolyposis ◽  
Tumor Studies ◽  
Caucasian Patients

417 Background: HNPCC is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. Its characterization has been limited to Caucasians in Europe or North America, and non-Caucasians in their countries of descent. Little is known about HNPCC in ethnically diverse patients in the U.S. Methods: Patients whose self-reported ethnicity was not Caucasian and who were the probands in their families to undergo germline testing (GT) for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes between 1998 and 2011 were identified. Tumor microsatellite (MSI) testing was informative if immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed MMR protein loss of expression, and/or if PCR-based MSI testing showed >30% markers shifted. Tumor studies guided further GT. Results: Fifty-eight unrelated probands (female, 53.4%) included 19 (32.8%) who were Hispanic, 18 (31.0%) African-American, 18 (31.0%) Asian, and 3 (5.2%) Arabic/Other. Amsterdam I, II and revised Bethesda criteria were satisfied in 9 (15.5%), 14 (24.1%) and 43 (74.1%) respectively. They were affected by 106 malignancies, most commonly: CRC (73.9%), endometrial (10.9%), small bowel (5.4%) and skin (sebaceous neoplasm, 3.3%). The CRCs arose from proximal colon (51.5%), distal colon (25%), rectum (16.2%) or multifocal/other (7.4%), at a median age of 46 (IQR: 38-55). PCR-MSI results were concordant with abnormal IHC, although less for MSH6 and PMS2. In GT, pathogenic mutations were detected in only a minority of patients ( Table ). Conclusions: Ethnically diverse patients with informative tumor MSI results exhibited low rates of detectable pathogenic mutations. Caution should be exercised when GT is utilized to detect HNPCC in the absence of tumor studies as patients to be managed as HNPCC may be missed. [Table: see text]

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