scholarly journals The Determination Developmental time, parasitism rate at different temperatures and parasitism behaviour of Aenasius arizonensis Girault 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) at constant temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doğancan KAHYA ◽  
Asime Filiz ÇALIŞKAN KEÇE ◽  
Mehmet Rifat ULUSOY
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures

Theoretical Study of Twin Boundary Motion in Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys Using Monte Carlo Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
K.I. Kostromitin ◽  
Vasiliy D. Buchelnikov ◽  
V.V. Sokolovskiy ◽  
P. Entel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Heusler Alloys ◽  
Boundary Motion ◽  
Different Temperatures

The twin boundary motion in Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloys has been investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. The Hamiltonian of system includes magnetic and elastic parts and two magnetoelastic terms. It is shown that the twin boundary shifts in a magnetic field at the constant temperature. The spin and strain volume fractions have been obtained at different temperatures.

scholarly journals An updated staging system for cephalochordate development: one table suits them all

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João E. Carvalho ◽  
François Lahaye ◽  
Luok Wen Yong ◽  
Jenifer C. Croce ◽  
Hector Escrivá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Branchiostoma Lanceolatum

AbstractBackgroundThe chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata. Phylogenetically, the Cephalochordata, more commonly known as lancelets or amphioxus, constitute the sister group of Vertebrata plus Tunicata. Due to their phylogenetic position and their conserved morphology and genome architecture, lancelets are important models for understanding the evolutionary history of chordates. Lancelets are small, marine filter-feeders, and the few dozen species that have so far been described have been grouped into three genera: Branchiostoma, Epigonichthys and Asymmetron. Given their relevance for addressing questions about the evolutionary diversification of chordates, lancelets have been the subjects of study by generations of scientists, with the first descriptions of adult anatomy and developmental morphology dating back to the 19th century. Today, several different lancelet species are used as laboratory models, predominantly for developmental, molecular and genomic studies. It is thus very surprising that there is currently no universal staging system and no unambiguous nomenclature for developing lancelets.ResultsWe illustrated the development of the European amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) using confocal microscopy and compiled a streamlined developmental staging system, from fertilization through larval life, with an unambiguous stage nomenclature. By tracing growth curves of the European amphioxus reared at different temperatures, we were able to show that our staging system permits the easy conversion of any developmental time into a defined stage name. Furthermore, comparisons of embryos and larvae from the European amphioxus (B. lanceolatum), the Florida amphioxus (B. floridae), the Chinese amphioxus (B. belcheri), the Japanese amphioxus (B. japonicum) and the Bahamas lancelet (Asymmetron lucayanum) demonstrated that our staging system can readily be applied to other lancelet species.ConclusionsHere, we propose an updated staging and nomenclature system for lancelets. Although the detailed staging description was carried out on developing B. lanceolatum, comparisons with other lancelet species strongly suggest that both staging and nomenclature are applicable to all extant lancelets. We thus believe that this description of embryonic and larval development can be of great use for the scientific community and hope that it will become the new standard for defining and naming developing lancelets.

THE EFFECT ON GERMINATION OF DRYING LEEK SEED HEADS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Temperature

The effect of drying leek seed heads at various temperatures and temperature combinations upon seed germination was studied from 1951 to 1956. Treatments included 80°F., 95°F., 110°F., and 140°F. continuous, and 80°F. for periods up to 10 days, followed by the higher temperatures. In all seasons a continuous temperature of 80°F. resulted in seed germinating at or above the 65 per cent minimum required by the Canadian Seeds Act, while any treatment including 110°F. or higher caused below-minimum germination. Treatments of 95°F. continuous, and combinations of 80°F. and 90°F., were not significantly different from 80°F. continuous over the period 1953 to 1956, but showed marked trends towards differences in certain years. In 1953 and 1956, germinations from these treatments were well above 65 per cent but below in 1954 and 1955, when summer temperatures were cooler, as shown by heat unit data.During the 1953–56 period, drying times for the 80°F. continuous treatment averaged 33 days and for 95°F., 21 days. While a continuous temperature of 80°F. was necessary to ensure satisfactory seed germination in all seasons, it is suggested, where rapid drying is desired, that a constant temperature of 95°F. be employed when summer weather favouring maturity has preceded seed harvest.

Saturated Pool Boiling Mechanisms During Single Bubble Heat Transfer: Comparison at Two Wall Superheats

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Kim ◽  
Fatih Demiray ◽  
Nagaraja Yaddanapudi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Pool Boiling ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dominant Mechanism ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Transient Conduction ◽  
Microlayer Evaporation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

Abstract A study of single bubbles growing on a microscale heater array kept at nominally constant temperature was performed. The behavior of bubbles nucleating at a single site at two different temperatures (22.5 K and 27.5 K superheat) is compared for saturated pool boiling of FC-72 at 1 atm. It is concluded that energy is transferred from the surface through similar heat transfer mechanisms at both superheats. Microlayer evaporation was observed to play a minor role in the overall heat transfer, with microconvection/transient conduction being the dominant mechanism. Evaluation of various heat transfer models are made.

SIMULATING DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE HORN FLIES, HAEMATOB1A IRRITANSIRRITANS (L.) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN ALBERTA

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Adult Eclosion ◽  
Haematobia Irritans ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

AbstractDevelopmental times were determined at constant temperatures for an Alberta population of horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Prepupal (egg and larval) developmental time was determined at seven constant temperatures and ranged from 8.9 days at 20.1°C to 3.5 days at 34.5°C. Prepupal development averaged 44.8% of the preadult (egg, larval, and pupal) developmental time. Preadiilt developmental time was determined at 43 constant temperatures and ranged from 41.6 days at 15°C to 8.4 days at 35°C. The relationship between preadult developmental rate and constant temperature was used in a model to simulate developmental times of horn fly immatures exposed to fluctuating temperatures. The model simulated adult eclosion times well. Deviations of simulated from observed (observed – simulated) mean developmental times averaged 0.4 (SD = 1.3) days, and were less than those found when previously published developmental rate equations were used.

Theory on the Crystallization and Melting of Unvulcanized Rubber I. Crystallization

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Melting Range ◽  
Melting Region ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Volume Decrease

Abstract Recently Wood and Bekkedahl have reported new experimental results on the crystallization and melting of unvulcanized rubber in the unstretched state at different temperatures. Their results are summarized as follows: (1). When a specimen of vulcanized amorphous rubber is kept at a constant temperature between about +15° and −50° C, it begins to crystallize and its volume gradually decreases, as seen in Figure 1. We shall denote the ordinate, “Decrease in volume (in per cent)” of Figure 1 by w (t), which is a function of time t for a constant temperature. (2). The arrows in Figure 1 indicate the estimated values for half the total decrease of volume at each temperature. Wood and Bekkedahl considered the reciprocal of this time to be a measure of the average rate of crystallization during the first half of the volume decrease, and it is plotted against temperature in Figure 2. We should like to call this time briefly the half-time, and denote it by th. (3). As the temperature of crystallized rubber is gradually raised, its volume increases suddenly in some region of temperature, and eventually reaches the value corresponding to amorphous state as shown in Figure 3. This phenomenon seems to be the melting of the crystal, but peculiarly the location and the width of this melting-region varies according to the previous crystallization temperature. (4). The range of melting does not depend on the extent of crystallization and is definitely determined by the temperature at which crystallization occurs. Figure 4 is derived from Figure 3 and shows the relation between the melting range and the temperature of crystallization. In the present paper the author tries to explain these results theoretically and consistently, with certain reasonable assumptions.

scholarly journals Evolution of a Non-Hermitian Quantum Single-Molecule Junction at Constant Temperature

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Andrea Grimaldi ◽  
Alessandro Sergi ◽  
Antonino Messina
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Level System ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Molecule Junction ◽  
Single Molecule Junction

This work concerns the theoretical description of the quantum dynamics of molecular junctions with thermal fluctuations and probability losses. To this end, we propose a theory for describing non-Hermitian quantum systems embedded in constant-temperature environments. Along the lines discussed in [A. Sergi et al., Symmetry 10 518 (2018)], we adopt the operator-valued Wigner formulation of quantum mechanics (wherein the density matrix depends on the points of the Wigner phase space associated to the system) and derive a non-linear equation of motion. Moreover, we introduce a model for a non-Hermitian quantum single-molecule junction (nHQSMJ). In this model the leads are mapped to a tunneling two-level system, which is in turn coupled to a harmonic mode (i.e., the molecule). A decay operator acting on the two-level system describes phenomenologically probability losses. Finally, the temperature of the molecule is controlled by means of a Nosé-Hoover chain thermostat. A numerical study of the quantum dynamics of this toy model at different temperatures is reported. We find that the combined action of probability losses and thermal fluctuations assists quantum transport through the molecular junction. The possibility that the formalism here presented can be extended to treat both more quantum states (∼10) and many more classical modes or atomic particles (∼103−105) is highlighted.

Influence of Temperature on embryonic and larval development in Necora puber (Brachyura, Portunidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Valdes ◽  
M. T. Alvarez-Ossorio ◽  
E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Simple Potential ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The influence of temperature on the duration of the embryonic and larval development in Necora puber (L., 1767) was studied. Nine different temperatures were used for the eggs and seven for the larvae, in both cases ranging from 2 to 35°C. The temperature range where visible development was obtained was between 4 and 31°C, with the lowest lethal temperature (temperature at which the eggs did not show any sign of development and development did not resume when the eggs were placed at 15°C) being between 2 and 4°C and the highest lethal temperature between 31 and 35°C for both eggs and larvae.Temperature was found to be inversely related to developmental time. The incubation period (D) fluctuated between 76 days at 10°C and 17·6 days at 25°C, with an increase in the rate of development (100/D) from 1·13 to 5·55 between these two temperatures. The larval period varied between 48·5 days at 15°C and 28 days at 25°C with rates of development of 2·08 and 3·57 respectively. The adjustment equations used show that temperature has a greater accelerating effect on eggs than on larvae. A simple potential equation, D=aT, describes the relationship between temperature and developmental time better than the Belehrádek equation, D=a(T-t).Acording to the fitted equations developmental time from spawning to the first postlarval stage is completed in 91–105 days at temperatures of 13–15°C which is very close to our experimental data. The model proposed also fits most of the data from the available literature even those for other species such as Liocarcinus holsatus (Fabricius, 1798) and Carcinus maenas (L., 1758), which suggests that a similar response of developmental time vs temperature could be expected from other related Portunidae.

Egg Developmental Time and Survival ofChrysomya megacephalaandChrysomya putoria(Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Different Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alonso ◽  
C. M. Souza ◽  
A. X. Linhares ◽  
P. J. Thyssen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Different Temperatures
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