Egg Developmental Time and Survival ofChrysomya megacephalaandChrysomya putoria(Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Different Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Alonso ◽  
C. M. Souza ◽  
A. X. Linhares ◽  
P. J. Thyssen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Different Temperatures

scholarly journals An updated staging system for cephalochordate development: one table suits them all

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João E. Carvalho ◽  
François Lahaye ◽  
Luok Wen Yong ◽  
Jenifer C. Croce ◽  
Hector Escrivá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Branchiostoma Lanceolatum

AbstractBackgroundThe chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata, Tunicata and Cephalochordata. Phylogenetically, the Cephalochordata, more commonly known as lancelets or amphioxus, constitute the sister group of Vertebrata plus Tunicata. Due to their phylogenetic position and their conserved morphology and genome architecture, lancelets are important models for understanding the evolutionary history of chordates. Lancelets are small, marine filter-feeders, and the few dozen species that have so far been described have been grouped into three genera: Branchiostoma, Epigonichthys and Asymmetron. Given their relevance for addressing questions about the evolutionary diversification of chordates, lancelets have been the subjects of study by generations of scientists, with the first descriptions of adult anatomy and developmental morphology dating back to the 19th century. Today, several different lancelet species are used as laboratory models, predominantly for developmental, molecular and genomic studies. It is thus very surprising that there is currently no universal staging system and no unambiguous nomenclature for developing lancelets.ResultsWe illustrated the development of the European amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) using confocal microscopy and compiled a streamlined developmental staging system, from fertilization through larval life, with an unambiguous stage nomenclature. By tracing growth curves of the European amphioxus reared at different temperatures, we were able to show that our staging system permits the easy conversion of any developmental time into a defined stage name. Furthermore, comparisons of embryos and larvae from the European amphioxus (B. lanceolatum), the Florida amphioxus (B. floridae), the Chinese amphioxus (B. belcheri), the Japanese amphioxus (B. japonicum) and the Bahamas lancelet (Asymmetron lucayanum) demonstrated that our staging system can readily be applied to other lancelet species.ConclusionsHere, we propose an updated staging and nomenclature system for lancelets. Although the detailed staging description was carried out on developing B. lanceolatum, comparisons with other lancelet species strongly suggest that both staging and nomenclature are applicable to all extant lancelets. We thus believe that this description of embryonic and larval development can be of great use for the scientific community and hope that it will become the new standard for defining and naming developing lancelets.

Influence of Temperature on embryonic and larval development in Necora puber (Brachyura, Portunidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Valdes ◽  
M. T. Alvarez-Ossorio ◽  
E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Simple Potential ◽  
Embryonic And Larval Development

The influence of temperature on the duration of the embryonic and larval development in Necora puber (L., 1767) was studied. Nine different temperatures were used for the eggs and seven for the larvae, in both cases ranging from 2 to 35°C. The temperature range where visible development was obtained was between 4 and 31°C, with the lowest lethal temperature (temperature at which the eggs did not show any sign of development and development did not resume when the eggs were placed at 15°C) being between 2 and 4°C and the highest lethal temperature between 31 and 35°C for both eggs and larvae.Temperature was found to be inversely related to developmental time. The incubation period (D) fluctuated between 76 days at 10°C and 17·6 days at 25°C, with an increase in the rate of development (100/D) from 1·13 to 5·55 between these two temperatures. The larval period varied between 48·5 days at 15°C and 28 days at 25°C with rates of development of 2·08 and 3·57 respectively. The adjustment equations used show that temperature has a greater accelerating effect on eggs than on larvae. A simple potential equation, D=aT, describes the relationship between temperature and developmental time better than the Belehrádek equation, D=a(T-t).Acording to the fitted equations developmental time from spawning to the first postlarval stage is completed in 91–105 days at temperatures of 13–15°C which is very close to our experimental data. The model proposed also fits most of the data from the available literature even those for other species such as Liocarcinus holsatus (Fabricius, 1798) and Carcinus maenas (L., 1758), which suggests that a similar response of developmental time vs temperature could be expected from other related Portunidae.

scholarly journals An Updated Staging System for Cephalochordate Development: One Table Suits Them All

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João E. Carvalho ◽  
François Lahaye ◽  
Luok Wen Yong ◽  
Jenifer C. Croce ◽  
Hector Escrivá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century

Chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata, Tunicata, and Cephalochordata. Phylogenetically, the Cephalochordata, more commonly known as lancelets or amphioxus, constitute the sister group of Vertebrata and Tunicata. Lancelets are small, benthic, marine filter feeders, and their roughly three dozen described species are divided into three genera: Branchiostoma, Epigonichthys, and Asymmetron. Due to their phylogenetic position and their stereotypical chordate morphology and genome architecture, lancelets are key models for understanding the evolutionary history of chordates. Lancelets have thus been studied by generations of scientists, with the first descriptions of adult anatomy and developmental morphology dating back to the 19th century. Today, several different lancelet species are used as laboratory models, predominantly for developmental, molecular and genomic studies. Surprisingly, however, a universal staging system and an unambiguous nomenclature for developing lancelets have not yet been adopted by the scientific community. In this work, we characterized the development of the European lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) using confocal microscopy and compiled a streamlined developmental staging system, from fertilization through larval life, including an unambiguous stage nomenclature. By tracing growth curves of the European lancelet reared at different temperatures, we were able to show that our staging system permitted an easy conversion of any developmental time into a specific stage name. Furthermore, comparisons of embryos and larvae from the European lancelet (B. lanceolatum), the Florida lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae), two Asian lancelets (Branchiostoma belcheri and Branchiostoma japonicum), and the Bahamas lancelet (Asymmetron lucayanum) demonstrated that our staging system could readily be applied to other lancelet species. Although the detailed staging description was carried out on developing B. lanceolatum, the comparisons with other lancelet species thus strongly suggested that both staging and nomenclature are applicable to all extant lancelets. We conclude that this description of embryonic and larval development will be of great use for the scientific community and that it should be adopted as the new standard for defining and naming developing lancelets. More generally, we anticipate that this work will facilitate future studies comparing representatives from different chordate lineages.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and diet on the development of Ulomoides dermestoides (Fairmaire, 1893) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Diaperinae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato C. Marinoni ◽  
Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Ulomoides dermestoides (Fairmaire, 1893) develops in stored food products (peanuts, maize, oats, rice, sorghum, etc.) and breeds successfully in the laboratory. To determine the best conditions for development, experiments were set up in different temperatures and diets, similar to storage conditions of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). The higher viability of individuals and the shorter developmental time were observed in the diet composed of hulls and seeds of fruits at 21 and 24°C.

scholarly journals Life cycle, feeding and adaptive strategy implications on the co-occurrence of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus and Notodiaptomus iheringi in Lobo-Broa Reservoir (SP, Brazil)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. RIETZLER ◽  
T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI ◽  
J. G. TUNDISI
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Abundant Phytoplankton

The population dynamics, life cycle and feeding of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus and Notodiaptomus iheringi, were studied in Broa reservoir from August 1988 to August 1989, period when a replacement of A. furcatus by N. iheringi was observed. Some abiotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity were measured to characterize the limnological conditions of the reservoir. Also, phytoplankton composition was analyzed and related to the feeding of the two species. Experimental data on developmental time and reproduction of A. furcatus and N. iheringi under different temperatures showed that lower temperatures were responsible for density decreasing of both populations in the reservoir during the dry season. Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta smaller than 20 mum were the most abundant phytoplankton groups in the reservoir as well as in the gut content of A. furcatus and N. iheringi, representing an important food source for both species. The temporary disappearance of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus, observed between 1988 and 1989 and its replacement by Notodiaptomus iheringi was related to mining activities upstream, modifying the water turbidity, pH and conductivity. However, the reappearance and maintenance of A. furcatus for another ten years and a recent replacement re-incidence indicates that these two calanoids do not coexist in this environment. Adaptive strategies of both species, related to changes in environmental conditions, are discussed. Probably, Argyrodiaptomus furcatus is an indicator of less eutrophic environments, while Notodiaptomus iheringi of more eutrophic systems.

scholarly journals Early morphological variation and induction of phenotypic plasticity in Patagonian pejerrey

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Crichigno ◽  
Miguel A. Battini ◽  
Víctor E. Cussac
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Odontesthes Hatcheri

The aim of this work was to study two aspects of phenotypic plasticity in the Patagonian pejerrey Odontesthes hatcheri (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae) the dependence of the early morphology on developmental time and temperature, and the induction of morphological changes by controlled feeding in juveniles. Newly hatched free embryos, incubated at two different temperatures (13 and 18oC), and juveniles were used for the study and induction of phenotypic plasticity. Body and head shapes were analyzed with geometric morphometrics and linear measurements. Our results showed that shape variation at hatching was related to the bending of the embryo head on the yolk sac, increasing the head-trunk angle due to progressive straightening of the embryo. The head-trunk angle was related with temperature at incubation, with embryos incubated at higher temperature being more bent. Embryos that hatched earlier had bigger yolk sacs than those that hatched later. In juveniles, controlled feeding experiments added new morphological variation to that of wild juveniles. In all comparisons, the slenderness of the head, the size of premaxilla and jaw, and the position of the eye showed an enlarged variation due to controlled feeding. These results will contribute to comprehending the complexity of the morphological variation of O. hatcheri.

Observations oh Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Nickel

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
J. L. Brimhall ◽  
H. E. Kissinger ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Fluence ◽  
Neutron Exposure ◽  
Growth Of Voids

Some information on the size and density of voids that develop in several high purity metals and alloys during irradiation with neutrons at elevated temperatures has been reported as a function of irradiation parameters. An area of particular interest is the nucleation and early growth stage of voids. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the microstructure in high purity nickel after irradiation to a very low but constant neutron exposure at three different temperatures.Annealed specimens of 99-997% pure nickel in the form of foils 75μ thick were irradiated in a capsule to a total fluence of 2.2 × 1019 n/cm2 (E > 1.0 MeV). The capsule consisted of three temperature zones maintained by heaters and monitored by thermocouples at 350, 400, and 450°C, respectively. The temperature was automatically dropped to 60°C while the reactor was down.

The structure of membranes and membrane proteins embedded in amorphous ice

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-433
Author(s):  
Uwe Lücken ◽  
Joachim Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Phase Transition Temperature ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Amorphous Ice ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Lipid Polymorphism

TEM imaging of frozen-hydrated lipid vesicles has been done by several groups Thermotrophic and lyotrophic polymorphism has been reported. By using image processing, computer simulation and tilt experiments, we tried to learn about the influence of freezing-stress and defocus artifacts on the lipid polymorphism and fine structure of the bilayer profile. We show integrated membrane proteins do modulate the bilayer structure and the morphology of the vesicles.Phase transitions of DMPC vesicles were visualized after freezing under equilibrium conditions at different temperatures in a controlled-environment vitrification system. Below the main phase transition temperature of 24°C (Fig. 1), vesicles show a facetted appearance due to the quasicrystalline areas. A gradual increase in temperature leads to melting processes with different morphology in the bilayer profile. Far above the phase transition temperature the bilayer profile is still present. In the band-pass-filtered images (Fig. 2) no significant change in the width of the bilayer profile is visible.

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