Heeding Ray's Advice

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M Kadera ◽  
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Peace Research ◽  
The Relationship

In the holy interest of Science, we submit our recent systemic democratic peace research to the control variable doctrine of James Lee Ray, as codified in his 2003 treatise. In particular, we seek to determine whether international institutions intervene in the relationship between the democratic community’s strength and the use and effectiveness of third party conflict management, whether hegemony is a competing explanation of third party settlement, and whether our extant model is robust when several control variables are specified. Two important conclusions are reached: 1) the democratic community’s strength and institutional vitality promote third party mediation and its success; regardless of hegemonic might and other controls, and 2) Ray’s teaching is properly understood as an exhortation for scholars to more carefully consider the theoretical role of each control variable and its proper treatment in statistical models, not as an edict banning the use of control variables.

scholarly journals Psychological Capital of Employees’ Engagement: Moderating Impact of Conflict Management in the Financial Sector of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Muhammad Azizullah Khan ◽  
Malik Adil Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brokerage Firms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Human capital is the backbone of any business and its behavior reflects how the company would achieve its goals and objectives in its business. This study examines the relationship between psychological capital (PC) and employees’ engagement (EE) with the moderating role of conflict management (CM) in the financial sector of Pakistan. A questionnaire composed of established scales were administered to 278 employees in the financial sector, including various banks, investment companies, real estate companies, insurance companies, and brokerage firms at Islamabad. After determining the reliability, the model was analyzed with the help of correlation and regression. Research indicates that PC positively influences EE. This relationship improves further positively when conflicts are handled effectively. Overall, this effort contributes to the existing literature on the history of worker’s involvement by examining the direct impact of PC and CM on EE and moderation of CM.

scholarly journals Relationship between train users’ perceptions of walkability with access and egress mode choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeiza Syafriharti ◽  
B. Kombaitan ◽  
Iwan P. Kusumantoro ◽  
Ibnu Syabri
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Access Mode ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to understand whether there is a relationship between train users’ perceptions of walkability in built environment of trip origin with access mode choice and between train users’ perceptions of walkability in built environment of trip destination with egress mode choice. Train users are who ride from Cicalengka station Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. To analyze the relationship is used crosstab method. The perceptual factors about walkability are those perceived by the train users consisting of walking distance, safety, comfort, and secure from crime, both in origin and destination of the built environment. The mode choice consist of walking, paratransit, motorcycle taxi, and own vehicles (or others for egress mode). To better understand the relationship is used several control variables, that are trip purposes, train usage, gender, and age. For access trip there is another control variable, that is vehicle ownership. Train users' perceptions of walkability have a relationship with both the access and the egress mode choice, except for the security aspect. The influence of control variables on the relationship between perceptions of walkability with access/egress mode choice varies for walking distance, safety, and comfort.

Strategic decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Parayitam ◽  
Chris Papenhausen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of cooperative conflict management on agreement-seeking behavior, agreement-seeking behavior on decision outcomes, moderating role of competence-based trust on the relationship between agreement-seeking behavior and decision outcomes, and mediating role of agreement-seeking behavior between cooperative conflict management and decision outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using a structured survey instrument, this paper gathered data from 348 students enrolled in a strategic management capstone course that features strategic decision-making in a simulated business strategy game. The data from 94 teams were collected from the student population using a carefully administered instrument. The data were aggregated after running the inter-rater agreement test and the analyzed to test the hypotheses. Findings The results from the hierarchical regression of the complex moderated mediation model reveal that cooperative conflict management is positively related to agreement-seeking behavior, and agreement-seeking behavior mediates the relationship between cooperative conflict management and decision outcomes. The results also suggest that competence-based trust acts as a moderator in the relationship between agreement-seeking behavior and decision quality; agreement-seeking behavior and team effectiveness, and agreement-seeking behavior and decision commitment. Results also support mediation of agreement-seeking behavior between cooperative conflict management and decision outcomes. Research limitations/implications The present research is based on self-report measures, and hence, the limitations of social desirability bias and common method bias are inherent. However, adequate care is taken to minimize these limitations. The research has implications for the strategic decision-making process literature. Practical implications In addition to the strategic management literature, this study contributes to practicing managers. The study suggests that competence-based trust plays a vital role in decision effectiveness. Administrators need to select the members in the decision-making process who have competence-based trust on one another and engage in agreement-seeking behavior. Social implications The findings from the study help in creating a fruitful social environment in organizations. Originality/value This study provides new insights about the previously unknown effects of cooperative conflict management and agreement-seeking behavior in strategic decision-making process.

Choosing anarchy: institutional alternatives and the global order

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonhawk Kim ◽  
Scott Wolford
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
International System ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Self Enforcement ◽  
Interaction Density

The international system may be anarchic, but anarchy is neither fixed nor inevitable. We analyze collective choices between anarchy, a system of inefficient self-enforcement, and external enforcement, where punishment is delegated to a third party at some upfront cost. In equilibrium, external enforcement (establishing governments) prevails when interaction density is high, the costs of integration are low, and violations are difficult to predict, but anarchy (drawing borders) prevails when at least one of these conditions fail. We explore the implications of this theory for the causal role of anarchy in international relations theory, the integration and disintegration of political units, and the limits and possibilities of cooperation through international institutions.

scholarly journals Using Conflict Management in Improving Owners and Contractors Relationship Quality in the Construction Industry: The Mediation Role of Trust

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolawole Iyiola ◽  
Husam Rjoub
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates conflict management climate as perceived by the owners and contractors significantly affect trust and relationship quality in the Nigerian construction industry. This empirical study also assesses trust as a mediator between conflict management climate and relationship quality. Data gathered from 426 owners and contractors employees in the Nigerian construction industry were used to verify the abovementioned relationships via structural equation modeling. The results show that conflict management climate significantly predicted trust and relationship quality. Trust significantly predicted relationship quality and partially mediates the relationship between conflict management climate and relationship quality. This study contributes to theory within this research by showing trust and relationship quality is significantly affected when owners and contractors are aware of the conflict management climate. The study offers important practical implications for managing conflict management between owners and contractors in the construction industry. Insights into future research directions are also documented.

International institutions are the key: a new perspective on the democratic peace

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS HASENCLEVER ◽  
BRIGITTE WEIFFEN
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Security Dilemma ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Self Help ◽  
New Perspective

The international organisation of the democratic peace matters. Interdemocratic institutions are particularly suited to block escalation pathways between states and to prevent conflicts from resulting in war. This article builds on findings from three fields of research: (a) the liberal analysis of the democratic peace; (b) systemic approaches to international institutions, and (c) new quantitative studies of armed conflicts. Three pivotal contributions of international institutions to peaceful conflict management are identified: international institutions can be used to overcome the security dilemma among states and to tame power competitions. They sustain international cooperation and forestall the recourse of governments to unilateral self-help strategies. Finally, international institutions increase the autonomy of issue areas, which decreases the risk of destabilising spillover effects from other issue areas. The article holds that these three functions are extraordinarily well performed by international institutions composed of democracies and illustrates this allegation by presenting three case studies of interdemocratic management of former rivalries. Therefore, the distinctive features of interdemocratic institutions merit more attention as a supplement to the explanation of the democratic peace.

scholarly journals Technology-Driven Solutions to Prompt Conversation, Aid Communication and Support Interaction for People With Dementia and Their Caregivers: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Hoel ◽  
Carine Mendom Feunou ◽  
Karin Wolf-Ostermann
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Conversation Partner ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The impact of dementia on communication capabilities can result in difficulties in social interactions and between people with dementia and their conversation partner, as initiating and maintaining conversations becomes increasingly challenging. The role of technology in promoting social health and participation for people with dementia is increasing, but the usage on technological devices as a third party in social interactions to enhance communication quality is still in its infancy. The objective of this literature review is to provide a comprehensive description of technology-driven interventions for people with dementia and their conversation partners to enhance communication and facilitate positive social interactions. Methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO, where titles and abstracts were screened by two researchers independently. The reference lists of initially identified papers were hand-searched for further relevant studies. Quality appraisal of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results Twenty-six papers were included., where the most common technologies to facilitate communication and interactions were tablet-computers (n=11), social robots (n=7) and PCs (n=4). By analyzing the impacts of the device(s) on social interaction and communication, five major themes emerged: i) increased interaction; ii) better understanding of the person with dementia; iii) improved conversational quality; iv) reducing pressure on the conversation partner; and v) a conversational platform.Conclusion While the majority of the included studies are small-scale, they indicate promising findings on the potential of technology in helping dyads to interact in a way that relieves strain on the caregiver, enhances the relationship and engages people with dementia in social activities. Rigorous investigation using standard, comparable measurements is needed to demonstrate the effects of technological solutions, taking on the perspective on caregiving dyads as an entity rather than looking at outcomes for one member of the dyad in isolation.

Understanding the Relation between Establishment Food Safety Management and Risk Factor Violations Cited during Routine Inspections

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
XARVIERA S. APPLING ◽  
PETRONA LEE ◽  
CRAIG W. HEDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policies And Practices

ABSTRACT Certified Food Manager (CFM) training can help ensure proper food safety practices for decreasing risk factor violations associated with foodborne illness. However, the effectiveness of food safety management also depends on the authority of the person in charge (PIC) and the added value of third-party inspectors auditing food safety policies and practices. To examine the effect of food safety management characteristics on risk factor violations cited on routine inspections, we evaluated results of 546 routine inspections in the cities of Bloomington and Richfield, MN, between 2016 and 2017. Food establishment management was characterized by the presence of a CFM of record for the establishment, whether the PIC was certified, and whether the establishment used a third-party inspector to audit food safety policies and practices. For each of these food safety management characteristics, the establishment had fewer risk factor observations that were out of compliance during routine inspections. The relationship between the establishment's food safety management characteristics and either the percentage of observations out of compliance or the inspections with observations out of compliance differed by risk factor category. For preventing contamination by hands, the lowest rates were found for inspections in which the CFM of record was the PIC. However, for potentially hazardous food time and temperature violations, establishments that used third-party inspectors had lower percentages of both observations and inspections out of compliance across all categories of management characteristics. The results of our study support the recommendations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regarding CFMs. However, our findings also suggest greater complexity in the characteristics of food safety management, which include the role of third-party inspectors and whether a CFM is acting in the role of the CFM of record.

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