Conservation status the genus Hampea (Malvaceae: Gossypieae) in Mexico

Background. The genus Hampea (Malvaceae: Gossypieae) has 21 reported species and occurs in Mexico, Central America and Colombia. Mexico has eleven species, of which seven are endemic. Hampea is of special conservation interest because its members are wild relatives of cultivated cotton and several species are apparently threatened by anthropogenic activities.Questions: What is the conservation status of species of Hampea in Mexico?Study site and years of study: Observations were made in the field during 1991-1995, 2012 and 2016 in southern Mexico. Specimen data was obtained from the CONABIO data base and from national and international herbaria from 2014-2016.Methods. The conservation status of species of Hampea in Mexico was evaluated using criteria given in the Methods of the Evaluation of Risk of Extinction of Plants (MER-Plantas) (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). The potential distribution was calculated using Maximum Entropy Algorithm and biological data for species were obtained from literature and field observations.Results. Seven species of the genus Hampea were considered to be in a category of risk under the MER-Plantas criteria. Hampea montebellensis, H. breedlovei, and H. longipes were categorized as “at Risk of Extinction,” (En Peligro de Extinción ); H. latifolia was categorized as “Threatened” (Amenazada) and H. stipitata, H. mexicana, and H. tomentosa categorized as “Subject to Special Protection” (Sujeto a Protección Especial).Conclusions. The species H. breedlovei, H. montebellensis, H. longipes, H. latifolia, H. mexicana, H. stipitata and H. tomentosa need to be included in ex situ and in situ conservation programs.

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Sustainable Use of Fig Species Provides Nutrition and Medicine for Ethnic Minority Communities in the Southern Shan State of Myanmar

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30301/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aye Mya Mon ◽

Yinxian Shi ◽

Pyae Phyo Hein ◽

Thaung Naing Oo ◽

Cory W. Whitney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Use Value ◽

Ethnobotanical Knowledge ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Tropical Regions

Abstract Background: Fig trees are ecological keystone species in many tropical regions and play important roles in the spirituality, nutrition and health for many rural communities. Although the tropical forests in Myanmar contain many fig species, little ethnobotanical knowledge on their uses has been recorded.Information about the uses and conservation related actions of figswould be helpful in development ofstrategic policy for sustainable use and biodiversity conservation of the country. We showcase the rich ethnobotanical knowledge as well as the variety of collection and conservation practices related to figs among five ethnic groups in Southern Shan State. Methods: We performed both key informant and semi-structured interviews with 114 informants from five ethnic groups. Their uses for figs were categorized according to local practices and recipes. Informants were asked about trends in conservation status over the past 10 years and any conservation related customs and practices. Data were analyzed quantitatively by use report (UR) and use value (UV). Results: Informants reported the uses of eight fig species (Ficusauricularta，F.concinna, F. geniculata，F. hispida, F. racemosa, F. religiosa，F. semicordata, and F. virens).F. geniculata and F. virens were most useful (UR = 228) and were used by all five ethnic groups, corresponding to a high use value (UV = 2). Treatments for 16 diseases were reported from seven species. Household consumption, economic, and sacred uses were accompanied by sustainable practices of harvest and protection. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation were practiced especially for highly demanded species (F. geniculata and F. virens), and the sacred fig F. religiosa.Conclusion: Findings suggest that figs are useful for nutrition (all informants) and medicine (13.16% of the informants) in the study area. Traditional taboos, in situ and ex situ conservation practices help to maintain sustainable utilization of locally important figs. This is an early contribution to the traditional knowledge of edible figs. Although similar uses have been reported in neighboring countries for seven of the fig species, the ethnobotanical use of F. concinna is novel.

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The decline and conservation management of the threatened endemic palms of the Mascarene Islands

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605302000091 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 56-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mike Maunder ◽

Wayne Page ◽

John Mauremootoo ◽

Richard Payendee ◽

Yousoof Mungroo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Conservation Management ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Population Fragmentation ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Mascarene Islands

Abstract The conservation status of the five genera and 11 species of palm endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, La Réunion and Rodriques) are reviewed. All species are threatened with extinction; nine taxa are classified as Critically Endangered and four as Endangered on the 2000 IUCN Red List. Two taxa survive as single wild specimens (Hyophorbe amaricaulis and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum); an additional seven taxa have wild populations of 100 or fewer. Although the historical phase of large-scale forest clearance has passed, the remaining palm populations in the Mascarenes are under threat from the effects of population fragmentation, invasive plants and animals, and high levels of seed predation that prevent natural regeneration. The advantages of in situ management for the recovery of these palm populations are discussed. Without a long-term conservation programme, utilising both in situ and ex situ management, extinction of wild populations will occur.

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Distribution and conservation status of the Critically Endangered Scrophularia takesimensis, a plant endemic to Ulleung Island, Republic of Korea

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605312000117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 399-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hyeok Jae Choi ◽

Hyun Do Jang ◽

Yuji Isagi ◽

Byoung Un Oh

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Conservation Status ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Republic Of Korea ◽

Endangered Plant ◽

Seaward Side ◽

Ulleung Island ◽

Special Protection

AbstractScrophularia takesimensis Nakai is a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to Ulleung Island, Republic of Korea. We provide updated information on the distribution and conservation status of this species. We located 39 subpopulations and counted a total of 443 individuals, including some reintroduced. Observations of dried and broken branches, with fruits, of S. takesimensis along the coast may indicate dispersal by sea. The construction of coastal roads is the main threat to the species. To conserve this species more effectively we recommend that: (1) the two habitats identified as a priority for conservation should be afforded special protection, (2) habitats to the seaward side of coastal roads are more suitable than habitat on the landward side for in situ conservation, and (3) the presently known subpopulations require continuous protection and monitoring.

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Multifrequency target strength of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) swimming horizontally

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr170 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 119-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lucio Calise ◽

Tor Knutsen

Keyword(s):

Length Distribution ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Target Strength ◽

Acoustic Backscatter ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Acoustic Beams ◽

Meganyctiphanes Norvegica ◽

Acoustic Identification ◽

Made In

Abstract Calise, L., and Knutsen, T. 2012. Multifrequency target strength of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) swimming horizontally. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 119–130. Multifrequency acoustic measurements on ex situ horizontally swimming krill were made in a novel experimental setting. An ensemble of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) was introduced to a large enclosure (a mesocosm), and acoustic backscatter was sampled using a multifrequency (70, 120, and 200 kHz) echosounder (Simrad EK60). Two submerged lamps were placed at opposite sides of the mesocosm and switched on and off to induce the krill, by light attraction, to swim horizontally through the acoustic beams. By tracking echoes, animal displacement, swimming speed, and target strength (TS) by frequency were estimated. The dominant and secondary modes of the total-length distribution were 21.8 ± 3.0 and 27.8 ± 2.7 mm, respectively. Although krill orientation was assumed stable and the ping rate was high, the range and inter-ping variability of the average TS values were large, decreasing and increasing with frequency, respectively. The overall TS frequency response observed and concurrent measurements at 120 and 200 kHz confirm the theoretical expectation that the acoustic backscatter from the investigated organisms were confined to the Rayleigh and Geometric scattering regions, a finding that might both aid acoustic identification and size-group separation of in situ northern krill.

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Overview on the Role of Advance Genomics in Conservation Biology of Endangered Species

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2016/3460416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Suliman Khan ◽

Ghulam Nabi ◽

Muhammad Wajid Ullah ◽

Muhammad Yousaf ◽

Sehrish Manan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Endangered Plants ◽

Monitoring Tools ◽

Sixth Mass Extinction ◽

Novice Readers ◽

Hybridization And Introgression

In the recent era, due to tremendous advancement in industrialization, pollution and other anthropogenic activities have created a serious scenario for biota survival. It has been reported that present biota is entering a “sixth” mass extinction, because of chronic exposure to anthropogenic activities. Variousex situandin situmeasures have been adopted for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animal species; however, these have been limited due to various discrepancies associated with them. Current advancement in molecular technologies, especially, genomics, is playing a very crucial role in biodiversity conservation. Advance genomics helps in identifying the segments of genome responsible for adaptation. It can also improve our understanding about microevolution through a better understanding of selection, mutation, assertive matting, and recombination. Advance genomics helps in identifying genes that are essential for fitness and ultimately for developing modern and fast monitoring tools for endangered biodiversity. This review article focuses on the applications of advanced genomics mainly demographic, adaptive genetic variations, inbreeding, hybridization and introgression, and disease susceptibilities, in the conservation of threatened biota. In short, it provides the fundamentals for novice readers and advancement in genomics for the experts working for the conservation of endangered plant and animal species.

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Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10080340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Kauê de Sousa ◽

Svein Øivind Solberg

Keyword(s):

Food System ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Indigenous Species ◽

Target Species ◽

Priority Score ◽

Global Databases ◽

Healthy Diets

Vegetables are rich in vitamins and other micronutrients and are important crops for healthy diets and diversification of the food system, and many traditional (also termed underutilized or indigenous) species may play a role. The current study analyzed 35 vegetables with a European region of diversity with the effort to map the conservation status in Fennoscandia and beyond. We mapped georeferenced occurrences and current genebank holdings based on global databases and conducted conservation gaps analysis based on representativeness scores in situ and ex situ. Out of the 35 target species, 19 got at a high priority score for further conservation initiatives, while another 14 species got a medium priority score. We identified a pattern where traditional vegetables are poorly represented in genebank holdings. This corresponds well to a lack of attention in the scientific community measured in number of published papers. Considering the grand challenges ahead in terms of climate change, population growth and demand for sustainability, traditional vegetables deserve greater attention. Our contribution is to provide a basis for conservation priorities among the identified vegetables species native to Fennoscandia.

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Distribution and Habitat Selection of Wintering Birds in the Special Protection Area ROSPA0071 ”Lower Siret Meadow” (Eastern Romania)

Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” ◽

10.1515/travmu-2016-0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 58 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-92

Author(s):

Matei–Ionuţ Dragomir ◽

Adrian Cosmin Stîngă ◽

Alina Dragomir

Keyword(s):

Habitat Selection ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Wintering Birds ◽

Protection Area ◽

Suitable Habitats ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Selection Of ◽

Made In ◽

Special Protection

Abstract The ecosystems from the Special Protection Area ROSPA0071 „Lower Siret Meadow” (36492 ha, between Adjud city, Vrancea County and Şendreni village, Galaţi County) in the analysed sector (sixteen sample surfaces) present a scientific interest because of the geographical, ecological and biological characteristics. The paper treats details such as the number of individuals, the spatial distribution, availability of suitable habitats and threats, necessary data for the evaluation of the conservation status. We present the data obtained in the period 2010–2014 from 64 field visits in the Special Protection Area ROSPA0071 „Lower Siret Meadow”, all made in the hiemal season. The observations were made as an activity of monitoring the protected bird species distribution and habitat selection of wintering populations. Five important sites were identified as being used by wintering birds here. During the monitoring actions, eighty–one bird species were identified. The paper brings new data about the way birds use their range and existing habitats for wintering.

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Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/60.4.486 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 486-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tim Caro ◽

Jason Riggio

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Conservation Status ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Flagship Species ◽

African Species ◽

In The Wild

Abstract We examine the conservation status of Africa’s “Big Five”: lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species’ behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so forceful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species [Current Zoology 60 (4): 486–499, 2014].

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Conservation assessment at a regional level: the study case of 'Delphinium fissum' subsp. 'sordidum' (Ranunculaceae), an endemic Iberian subspecies with disjunct distribution

Mediterranean Botany ◽

10.5209/mbot.60137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 165-175

Author(s):

Ruben Ramírez-Rodríguez ◽

Francisco Amich

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Regional Level ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Disjunct Distribution ◽

Conservation Assessment ◽

Conservation Values ◽

Study Case

Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum is a restricted endemic subspecies whose core distribution is located in the central-western Iberian Peninsula with a disjunct subpopulation in Sierra Mágina (Jaén Province). This article reports a detailed study of its current distribution, population size and structure, and the threats that it faces. Phytosociological analysis shows two main plant communities where D. fissum subsp. sordidum develops: Quercion pyrenaicae and Quercion broteroi. According to the most recent IUCN categories and criteria, the conservation status of D. fissum subsp. sordidum is “Endangered” (EN) in Castile and Leon. We propose the creation of a Plant Micro-Reserve (PMR) in an enclave with high geological, ecological and conservation values. Medium-long term and individualized monitoring programs are required for all distribution range of Delphinium fissum subsp. sordidum. An overall Recovery Plan for the subspecies should be considered and implemented, including in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures that guarantee its protection, conservation and recovery.

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Diversity and conservation priorities of crop wild relatives in Mexico

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262118000540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 140-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo ◽

Moisés Cortés-Cruz ◽

Denise E. Costich ◽

Ma. de Lourdes Rico-Arce ◽

Joana Magos Brehm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Gap Analysis ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Crop Wild Relatives ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Conservation Priorities

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are valuable resources for crop breeding due to their close genetic relationship to the cultivated plants and their wide genetic variation, allowing the introgression of desirable traits into the crops, such as resistance to plant pests and diseases or adaptability to climate change. Mexico is a centre of agrobiodiversity, including CWR, but climate change, and other factors, are contributing to the loss of important Mexican CWR genetic diversity. The in situ and ex situ conservation status of Mexican priority CWR were assessed through a gap analysis as part of a national CWR conservation strategy for Mexico, to ensure the long-term preservation and improve the availability of these genetic resources. A set of 310 priority CWR taxa, previously identified as part of the national CWR inventory for Mexico, were analysed. Species distribution modelling and ecogeographic diversity analyses were used to detect gaps in in situ and ex situ conservation at taxon and ecogeographic levels. Priority target sites were identified throughout the country for complementary in situ and ex situ conservation of these taxa. The results obtained allow us to make recommendations for immediate conservation actions, thus helping to mitigate the threats to Mexican agrobiodiversity and enhance both national and global food security.

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