scholarly journals Engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Fo Nyemutu Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
Huge Challenge

This article interrogates engendering access to environmental justice in Nigeria's oil producing areas and its connection with poverty and disempowerment of women. Women already suffer from the fact that access to justice for the vast majority of Nigerians is challenging and restrictive. It is discriminatory against women. Access to environmental justice is, therefore, an additional burden on them, and of significant concern to the people in the country's oil producing Niger Delta region. Militant youths, women and communities have protested in diverse forms against the injustice they suffer as a result of oil and gas production in the region. However, the Nigerian State has often responded with brutal repression resulting in deepening environmental insult in the region. The oil producing areas, therefore, suffer a triple jeopardy. First, access to justice remains a huge challenge for the people, including women. Secondly, there is the additional burden that they have to struggle for environmental justice against a State and international oil companies that are complicit in the adverse environmental desiderata, a disproportionate brunt of which is borne by women who, however, occupy an auxiliary position in the struggle. Thirdly, where there is policy intervention by way of environmental "clean up" projects, such interventions hardly face up to the need to involve women in developing and implementing key policies, which means that important issues for women are ignored and women continue to suffer substantive environmental injustice.

scholarly journals Paradox of Poverty in the Midst of Abundant Resources: The Politics of Oil Resources and Renewed Insurgency in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Boris Happy Odalonu
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
The Government

Nigerian state depends majorly on oil resources for her economic survival. Over 85% revenue generation to the Nigerian government are derived from oil production in the Niger Delta. In spite of this, Niger Delta region illustrates a paradox of poverty in the midst of abundant resources. The region remains one of the poorest and least developed parts of the country. The region suffers from environmental pollution, pervasive poverty and underdevelopment. These culminated to series of peaceful agitations to draw the attention of the government for solution to their challenges but due to the insensitivity of the government and oil companies operating in the region to their plight it degenerated to violent agitations, hence the insurgency and militancy in the region. The effects of all these were the disruptions of oil and gas production, reduced national revenue, withdrawal of foreign capital, kidnapping of expatriate oil company staff and so on. In a bid to curb the insurgency and militancy in the region, the Federal Government initiated the amnesty programme in 2009. Seven years after, the issues of environmental degradation, youth unemployment, poverty and underdevelopment that led to militancy and insurgency in the region remain unresolved. Thus, there was renewed insurgency from January to December, 2016 in the region. The paper argues that, granting of amnesty to the militants is a temporarily solution to the problems and until the grievances of the region are sincerely tackled by the government, the issues of militancy and insurgency will remain unabated and may degenerate.

Environmentalism and the Globalization of the Oil Industry in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 186-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Environmental Mobilization

The state of Rio de Janeiro has become a hub for oil and gas production and infrastructure since Brazil entered the global oil market in the 2000s. Observers have anticipated increasing tensions between environmental activists and oil companies. These predictions have not been fulfilled, despite increasing evidence of environmental degradation caused by oil production. What could be hindering environmental mobilization in defense of the environment and affected populations and against the unrestrained expansion of oil infrastructure in the state? A longitudinal case study of environmental activism in defense of the Guanabara Bay ecosystem suggests that answers must consider the combined effects of democratization, political and regulatory decentralization, and neoliberal reforms on socioenvironmental activism—specifically, its weakening as civil society organizations confront increasing burdens of participation in policy making, deeply fragmented institutional and regulatory frameworks for environmental governance, and the expansion of opportunities to engage in collaborative arrangements with corporations. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro tornou-se o centro da infraestrutura e produção de gás e petróleo desde que o Brasil ingressou no mercado internacional de petróleo nos anos 2000. Analistas vêm antecipando crescente tensão entre ativistas ambientais e companhias petrolíferas. Contudo, essas previsões não se concretizaram, não obstante evidência da degradação ambiental que a produção de petróleo vem causando. O que poderia estar impedindo a mobilização em defesa do meio ambiente e populações afetadas, e contra a expansão desmedida da infraestrutura petrolífera no estado? Um estudo de caso longitudinal do ativismo ambiental em defesa dos ecossistemas da Baía de Guanabara sugere que as repostas a essa questão devem considerar os efeitos combinados da democratização, descentralização política e regulatória, e reformas neoliberais no ativismo socioambiental—especificamente, seu enfraquecimento à medida que organizações da sociedade civil confrontam crescentes custos de participação nas políticas públicas, fragmentação de arcabouços regulatórios e institucionais de governança ambiental, e a expansão de oportunidades de engajamento em arranjos colaborativos com corporações.

scholarly journals Occupational hazards at the Irkutsk region oil and gas production facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-485
Author(s):  
S. S. Timofeeva ◽  
N. A. Popova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Production Facilities

The oil and gas industry belongs to the high risk activity. Today, the enterprises engaged in this field including oil and gas production facilities implement a risk-based approach, which involves the identification of risk criteria and risk categories, timely reassessment of risks based on updated and formed normative legal documents. In this regard, the purpose of this research is the analysis of the management system of occupational hazards and measures to minimize them using innovations and innovative solutions at the oil and gas production facilities in the Irkutsk region of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is working conditions and occupational hazards at the oil and gas production facilities of two leading oil companies of the Irkutsk region: they are the Irkutsk branch of Gazprom Bureniye LLC and the Irkutsk branch of RN-Bureniye LLC. As a result possible reasons for the discrepancy between the physical factors of the working environment of oil industry workers when pеrforming works on oil rigs are analyzed. Professional risks having been assessed, a register of high-risk professions and hazardous areas of technological processes under the operation of oil and gas drilling rigs has been compiled. The professions studied in this paper are classified as high-risk and medium-risk ones. It is found out that the negative effects of moving machines and mechanisms, general vibration, local vibration, noise, low air temperatures in winter are unacceptable. To minimize unacceptable risks, it is proposed to introduce a low-cost technology for visualizing hazardous areas on a drilling rig with the installation of proven innovative safety barriers in addition to the related training of employees.

scholarly journals Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility by Oil Companies in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: Myth or Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Onyeka Festus Mbalisi ◽  
Christiana Uzoaru Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Corporate Social

Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a home to many multinational oil companies with different packages of corporate social responsibility (CSR) because of its huge natural resource reserve especially of oil and gas. The CSR packages are designed to address social, economic and environmental concerns of the indigenes of the Niger Delta region, arising from the oil and gas operations of the multinational oil companies. The operational activities of the oil companies over the years have led to the degradation of the Niger Delta environment with consequent loss of livelihood sources, thereby triggering protests and other violent activities in the region. The paper identified and analysed the indices of the components of the CSR (social, economic and environmental components) packages using results-based management framework to determine the impacts of the CSR projects and programmes on the people. The analysis revealed that multinational oil companies release funds from a philanthropic perspective for the execution of some social development projects/programmes, but these projects/programmes do not address the welfare and livelihood needs of the people. This means that the multinational oil companies operating in the region create an illusion of compliance with social development and responsibility rules. The paper linked these unfortunate situations (environmental degradation, insecurity, poverty, unemployment, etc) found in the region today to failure of CSR implementation due to corruption, insincerity and philanthropic approach of the oil companies and regard it as injustice to the people of Niger Delta. It therefore concluded that CSR implementation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a myth and as a result recommended that Multinational oil companies should therefore incorporate the people of the Niger Delta into the oil economy by enlisting household heads into the payroll system of the multinational oil companies as well as engage sincerely in projects that will lead to the development of the region, if protests and other violent activities in the region must stop. Key Words: Implementation, Corporate social responsibility, Environmental Resources, Niger Delta, Multinational Oil Companies

scholarly journals Gross Split Contract Framework Regulation on the Caring for People

BESTUUR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Kirana Intaniasari
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Times ◽  
Sharing Patterns

<p>This study aims to determine the model of oil and gas governance in Indonesia in terms of the interests of the State to protect natural resources that should be controlled for maximum use for the prosperity of the people. This study is based on the results of normative legal studies that are descriptive. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from literature study data collection techniques, which are then analyzed by carrying out systematic interpretation of the law. Systematic means, making a classification of written legal materials, to facilitate the work of analysis and construction. The results of this study show that oil and gas management arrangements began in the Dutch colonial period and continue to change with the times up to now, specifically the regulation of upstream oil and gas. Upstream oil and gas management has changed several times, namely the Concession system, the Contract of Work system, Production Sharing Contract (PSC) and finally the Gross Split Production Sharing Contract. The emergence of Gross Split aims to improve the PSC system and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of oil and gas production sharing patterns. Even though Gross Split still has weaknesses, but when compared to the previous system, Gross Split is more in line with the country's goal of being as broad as possible for the people.</p><p> </p><p><strong>  </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mining; Gross Split; Welfare State.</p>

scholarly journals Multipliers based on oil and gas production and reserves as national vertically integrated oil companies’ indicator of lucrativeness for investors

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-194
Author(s):  
Oleg V. SHIMKO
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Business Valuation ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Oil Companies

Subject. The article investigates ratios of market capitalization to production and proven reserves held by the twenty five major public oil and gas corporations within 2008 through 2018. Objectives. I trace key trends in ratios of market capitalization to production and proven reserves in major public oil and gas corporations. The article also determines what caused such transformation for the analyzable period and indicates whether such multipliers are applicable to business valuations in the oil and gas sector. Methods. I use methods of comparative, financial and economic analysis, and summarize materials of financial statements. Results. The analyzable multipliers were found to be applicable to business valuation of oil and gas corporations. If a company has oil refining and petrochemisry segments in its architecture, it will have a favorable effect on ratios. The company will also benefit if its profitability is higher than that of competitors. National companies and their indicators are seen to be influenced by the country factor, which should be taken into account for purposes of business valuation. Ratios depend on the availability of proven reserves. This aspect influences the multiplier of ratio of market capitalization to proven reserves. Therefore, it is advisable in case of similar proven reserves in comparable companies. Hence, it is more preferable to use the multiplier of the ratio of market capitalization to production. Conclusions and Relevance. It is acceptable to use the multiplier with reference to the information on production even if the profitability goes down and the debt burden increases in the listed sector of the global oil and gas industry, while the ratio based on proven reserves is more reasonable as an auxiliary indicator. The findings can be used to appraise the possible value of oil and gas assets as part of the comparable approach. They can also underlie measures for raising the market capitalization of public oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Oil And Gas Production On The Nigerian Economy: A Rural Sector Econometric Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Nga Uwakonye ◽  
Gbolahan Solomon Osho ◽  
Hyacinth Anucha
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Poverty Rate

The oil economy of Nigeria is very important to the country, but the people of Nigeria still suffer from a corrupt government. Despite the revenues being brought in from oil exports, the Nigerian government still holds a large unemployment rate and a high poverty rate. This paper shows the amount of oil being produced per day, as well as, the process by which the oil is brought to the market. This paper also shows the labor to GDP ratio, the major exports, and the major imports of Nigeria. Finally, an understanding of the ethnic struggle within Nigeria is looked at, as well as, the illegal oil racketeering that is costing the Nigerian governments billions of dollars. Until the people of Nigeria can take control of its government and rid themselves of the crushing militias that controls the politics in Nigeria, the people are doomed to suffer.

scholarly journals The Concept of Sustainable Development of the Oil and Gas Sector as One of the Subsystems of Noonomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
A. S. Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

This work is devoted to the study of a new way of development of the oil and gas industry, which is due to the influence of many factors of our time. Factors such as limited resources, an increase in the anthropogenic and technological load on the environment, and the risks associated with the complexity of the oil refining process itself, require a fundamentally different solution, which is fully provided by noonomics. It is shown that sustainable development based on the principles of noonomics reduces the role and significance of material factors in the production process of vertically integrated oil companies and the oil and gas industry as a whole, highlighting scientificand technological progress in oil and gas production and their processing.

Success Story from Drilling Program Evaluation of Development Wells in 2018 & 2019, and How to Promote An Effective Drilling Program for 2020 and Beyond for Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Drilling Parameter ◽  
Drilling Cost

There are 32 oil companies in Indonesia that will perform development drilling in 2020 with total number of development drilling plans are 395 comparison, there were 289 development wells in 2018 and 322 development wells in 2019 respectively were drilled and contributed to national oil and gas production. All development drilling activities are reported to Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKK Migas) by the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) contractors in the form of spreadsheets. SKK Migas will then evaluate the development drilling performance to be used as references and for consideration in the drilling program approvals for the following year in the Work Program & Budget event. The evaluation includes important drilling parameters. During the last 3 years, SKK Migas has managed to collect data and actual report programs from all PSC’s. Based on that data, an evaluate was exercised and will be used as reference for the next development drilling program for the same PSC or other PSCs which has the similar subsurface challenges or operates in the same areas. This will therefore make a good engineering future plan and will achieve the efficiency of the drilling cost, and can be challenged to be more efficient and effective. For the future, these drilling parameter data will become as benchmark such as a cost/ft or cost/day per PSC per well which is already drilled in Indonesia. There will be more data for PSC’s when making a Plan of Development (POD) proposal from some areas which will be developed into a prospective targets for producing oil and gas, and will also enable SKK Migas to get effective calculations for the related economic issues. This paper will illustrate how SKK Migas manages development drilling program activities in Indonesia using spreadsheets. This paper also illustrates how historical data of actual performance is compared, evaluated and analyzed for future reference.

Statistical Methods for Estimating Petroleum Resources

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
The Subject

This book describes procedures for determining the total hydrocarbon (petroleum) resource or resource potential in a region. Statistical concepts and methods employed in petroleum resource assessment are the subject of the manuscript, extensively illustrated by numerous real case studies. Prof. Lee's computer-aided Petroleum Information Management and Resource Evaluation System (PETRIMES) methodology has been adopted by governments around the world and by major multinational oil companies to perform resource assessment and to predict future oil and gas production. Though this methodology is so widely used, there is no "user's guide" to it, and this book will be the definitive resource for PETRIMES users.

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