South Africa’s integrated energy planning  framework, 2015–2050

The Integrated Energy Plan (IEP) was designed to consider South Africa’s energy needs from 2015 to 2050, as a guide for energy structural savings and the development of energy policy. The main aim of the Department of Energy is to ensure the security of energy supply. The current energy situation in the country has its gains and challenges. With the growing population and infrastructural development, the country requires prudent measures to meet the country’s energy needs for 2020–2050. The country’s energy is currently dominated by coal-fired plants, which represent about 70% of the total installed capacity, crude oil contributes about 21%, with only 9% from all other energy sources, including renewables. This paper examines the scope of the IEP framework, key objectives of the IEP, the methodology applied to achieve those objectives, and the projections made for attaining the framework target. The paper further reviews the energy requirements for the key sectors of the economy and analyses the effects of CO2 emissions and the benefits of job creation for the entire period. Despite substantial renewable potential in South Africa, at present it contributes as little as 2% of the energy mix. The global renewable energy policy on CO2 emissions reduction, improvement of energy efficiency and deployment of renewable development are not met in the IEP framework.

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Towards a Craft of Energy Policy: Constraints upon and Opportunities for Strategic Planning in the US Department of Energy

Journal of Public Policy ◽

10.1017/s0143814x0000194x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 217-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregory A. Daneke

Keyword(s):

Energy Policy ◽

Adaptive Learning ◽

Department Of Energy ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Planning Techniques ◽

Review Team ◽

The Us ◽

The Face ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Policy Failures

ABSTRACTThis discussion draws upon the author's experience with the US General Accounting Offices's Energy Planning Review Team, which analyzed the planning processes and procedures (as well as the products) used by the US Department of Energy. It suggests that the DOE's preoccupation with ‘rational’ planning techniques in the face of incremental political and organizational realities explains many of the recent energy policy failures. These failures, however, viewed through an ‘adaptive-learning’ perspective provide valuable clues to potentially more successful analytical activities, and eventually, perhaps, more rational and systematic energy policies.

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Corrigendum to “Brazilian energy policies side-effects on CO2 emissions reduction?” [Energy Policy 32 (2004) 349–364]

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 717

Author(s):

Alexandre Salem Szklo ◽

Roberto Schaeffer ◽

Marcio Edgar Schuller ◽

William Chandler

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Energy Policies

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Integrated Regional Energy Policy and Planning Framework

Sustainable Systems and Energy Management at the Regional Level ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-344-7.ch013 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 236-260

Author(s):

Young-Doo Wang ◽

Wei-Ming Chen ◽

Yong-Kyu Park

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Local Energy ◽

Regional Energy ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Planning Framework ◽

Decentralized Energy ◽

Policy And Planning

Regional energy planning, which considers the unique pattern of local energy needs and local energy resources can be a tool to mitigate fossil fuel-triggered problems and enhance sustainability. Many researches underline the importance of regional energy planning but there exists some room for improvement in the planning approaches. This chapter introduces an Integrated Regional Energy Policy and Planning Framework (IREPP), which is conceptually comprehensive and also enhances feasibility of implementation. This framework contains important concepts of sustainable energy planning, including integrated resource planning, soft energy path, distributed generation using decentralized energy technologies, and energy-environment-economy-equity balance (E4). The IREPP also includes implementation feasibility analysis and highlights the importance of monitoring and evaluation. In the second part of this chapter, the IREPP is applied to the case of Jeju, the southernmost island of Korea. Jeju’s “Mid- and Long-Term Roadmap of Renewable Energy Planning” intends to promote renewable energy applications (a 50 percent target in 2050) in order to build a carbon free energy system. This study evaluates Jeju’s overall Roadmap via the lens of IREPP and also assesses the rational and feasibility of achieving its individual renewable target.

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The Apparent “Paradox” in China's Climate Policies

Asian Survey ◽

10.1525/as.2012.52.6.1138 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1138-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lynette H. Ong

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Renewable Energy Policy ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Climate Policies

Abstract China, the world's largest energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter, appears to have contradictory climate policies. While aggressively pursuing a renewable energy policy, Beijing is weak on a commitment to emissions reduction. The “paradox” can be reconciled on the basis of China's priority for growth, which is critical in ensuring the Communist Party's grip on power.

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Growth projections against set-target of renewable energy and resultant impact on emissions reduction in India

Environmental Engineering Research ◽

10.4491/eer.2020.083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 200083-0 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karan Chabhadiya ◽

Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava ◽

Pankaj Pathak

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Energy System ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Term Energy ◽

Development Goals ◽

Paris Climate Agreement ◽

Installed Capacity

In accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India is greatly focused on deployment of renewable energy (RE) for supplementing the energy requirements of the country. The present article assesses the validity of the promises offered by RE technologies in India and its necessary action to understand the gap between setting goals and the ground situation, which can also show a pathway to other developing countries. Therefore, the long-term projection perspectives on RE growth have been made using the India Energy Security Scenario-2047. In order to achieve the set target for emissions reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) i.e., 1209 MT CO2e in support of SDGs to the 2005 level by 2030, three renewable growth scenarios have been tested for transitioning the Indian energy system. Accordingly, the regression analysis reveals that the most desirable growth scenario will require a steady rise of RE contribution in the overall energy mix of India by 2030 from the current ~21% to 68% of the installed capacity. In this view, the present study highlights the exploration of new alternatives in long-term energy planning, and less on one-sided scenario to achieve the emissions’ reduction target.

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Scenario Analysis on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions Reduction Potential in Building Heating Sector at Community Level

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chuan Tian ◽

Guohui Feng ◽

Shuai Li ◽

Fuqiang Xu

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Population Data ◽

Driving Factors ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Emissions Reduction ◽

Energy Structure ◽

Baseline Scenario

Energy consumption and carbon emissions of building heating are increasing rapidly. Taking Liaobin coastal economic zone as an example, two scenarios are built to analyze the potential of energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction from the aspects of laws, regulations, policies and planning. The baseline scenario refers to the traditional way of energy planning and the community energy planning scenario seeks to apply community energy planning within the zone. Energy consumption and CO2 emission are forecast in two scenarios with the driving factors including GDP growth, changes in population size, energy structure adjustment, energy technology progress, and increase of energy efficiency. To improve accuracy of future GDP and population data prediction, an ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model) (1,1,1) model is introduced into GDP prediction and a logistics model is introduced into population prediction. Results show that compared with the baseline scenario, energy consumption levels in the community energy planning scenario are reduced by 140% and CO2 emission levels are reduced by 45%; the short-term and long-term driving factors are analyzed. Policy implications are given for energy conservation and environmental protection.

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Renewable energy policy performance in reducing CO2 emissions

Energy Economics ◽

10.1016/j.eneco.2015.11.024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 272-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Miguel Pérez de Arce ◽

Enzo Sauma ◽

Javier Contreras

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Policy ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Renewable Energy Policy ◽

Policy Performance

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District Energy Within The Planning Context: Exploring The Barriers And Opportunities For District Energy And Community Energy Solutions In Ontario, Canada

10.32920/ryerson.14661681 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marlena Rogowska

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Policy Framework ◽

Energy Planning ◽

District Energy ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Planning Framework ◽

Barriers And Opportunities

Urban land-use planning guides the way cities look and grow. Good planning leads to orderly growth and helps shape goals and policies for development while addressing important social, economic and environmental concerns. The efficiency benefits that may be garnered by linking land use planning and energy planning remain largely untapped throughout Ontario. In the case of district energy (DE), the absence of a regulatory and policy framework at the national and provincial levels results in much uncertainty regarding the associated costs and benefits of DE relative to traditional energy delivery systems. The purpose of this work is to explore Ontario’s planning framework with respect to meeting energy needs at the community level – including electrical and thermal (heating and cooling) energy needs, providing broad recommendations to all three levels of government that could help facilitate the development of district energy systems and offer more consideration to integrated community energy solutions.

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