scholarly journals The air quality perceptions of the residents of Bayview, Mossel Bay

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
J.P. Schoeman ◽  
D.W. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Quality Perceptions ◽  
Municipal Health

Background: In developing countries, it often occurs that little attention is given to air pollution emissions due to a lack of proper town planning, household combustion processes, energy production and the continuous growth in the transport sector (Norman et al., 2007:783). There is an increase in urban air pollution in most of the major cities of developing countries which is amplified by population growth and industrialization (World Resource Institute, 1998, 1999:1). Air pollution studies are not complete, and may fail if the quality of life and the perceptions of the studied community are not taken into consideration. This paper investigates the air quality perceptions of a high income residency surrounded by industrial activities and Mossel Bay was rated as to have potentially poor air quality by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Bayview, Mossel Bay. The perceptions of the respondents were collected by a structured questionnaire. Components of perceptions that were tested included general opinion regarding air quality, visual perceptions of air quality, type of pollutants such as smoke and dust, perceptions regarding the source of air pollution, perceptions regarding the municipal health institution controlling air quality in Bayview, etc. These perceptions were investigated by age, gender, socio-economic status etc.Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that various factors, such as visual impacts, type of pollutants, role of the municipal health institution governing air quality, influence the air perceptions of the Bayview residents.

scholarly journals Ambient air quality in an urban area and its effects on plants and human beings: a case study of Tiruchirappalli, India

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin M Horaginamani ◽  
M Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Though water and land pollution is very dangerous, air pollution has its own peculiarities, due to its transboundary dispersion of pollutants over the entire world. In any well planned urban set up, industrial pollution takes a back seat and vehicular emissions take precedence as the major cause of urban air pollution. Air pollution is one of the serious problems faced by the people globally, especially in urban areas of developing countries like India. All these in turn lead to an increase in the air pollution levels and have adverse effects on the health of people and plants. Western countries have conducted several studies in this area, but there are only a few studies in developing countries like India. A study on ambient air quality in Tiruchirappalli urban area and its possible effects selected plants and human health has been undertaken, which may be helpful to bring out possible control measures. Keywords: ambient air quality; respiratory disorders; APTI; human health DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4007Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.13-19

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (-1) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Janis Kleperis ◽  
Gunars Bajars ◽  
Ingrida Bremere ◽  
Martins Menniks ◽  
Arturs Viksna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Particle Pollution ◽  
The City

Air Quality in Riga and Its Improvement Options Air quality in the city of Riga is evaluated from direct monitoring results and from accounting registered air pollutants in the city. It is concluded that from all air polluting substances listed in the European Commission directives, only nitrogen dioxide NO2 and particulate matter PM10 exceed the limits. In assessing the projected measures to improve air quality in Riga, it can be concluded that the implementation of cleaner fuels and improvements in energy efficiency of household and industrial sectors will decrease particle pollution, but measures in the transport sector will also contribute to reducing air pollution from nitrogen oxides.

Air Pollution and Seasonality Effects on Mode Choice in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2634 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibo Li ◽  
Maria Kamargianni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

A modal shift from motorized to nonmotorized vehicles is imperative to reduce air pollution in developing countries. Nevertheless, whether better air quality will improve the willingness to use nonmotorized transport remains unclear. If such a reciprocal effect could be identified, a sort of virtuous circle could be created (i.e., better air quality could result in higher nonmotorized transport demand, which in turn could further reduce air pollution). Developing countries may, therefore, be more incentivized to work on air pollution reduction from other sources to exploit the extra gains in urban transport. This study investigated the impact of air pollution on mode choices and whether nonmotorized transport was preferred when air quality was better. Revealed preference data about the mode choice behavior of the same individuals was collected during two seasons (summer and winter) with different air pollution levels. Two discrete mode choice models were developed (one for each season) to quantify and compare the impacts of different air pollution levels on mode choices. Trip and socioeconomic characteristics also were included in the model to identify changes in their impacts across seasons. Taiyuan, a Chinese city that operates a successful bikesharing scheme, was selected for a case study. The study results showed that air quality improvement had a significant, positive impact on nonmotorized transport use, which suggested that improvements in air quality and promotion of nonmotorized transport must be undertaken simultaneously because of their interdependence. The results of the study could act as a harbinger to policy makers and encourage them to design measures and policies that lead to sustainable travel behavior.

scholarly journals A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL POLICY AND PRACTICES: AN INTERFACE WITH KATHMANDU VALLEY CASE, NEPAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Das ◽  
Prakash V. Bhave ◽  
Siva Praveen Puppala ◽  
Rejina M. Byanju
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
The Developed Countries

Transport sector is growing most rapidly around the world in line with the urban and socio-economic growth, which is contributing to severe air pollution. Air pollution has been of much concern mainly due to air quality, human exposure, public health, climate change, and visibility reduction. At present, in the media and policy arena, significant attention is given to the transport air pollution and its effect. Although most of the developed countries established vehicular emission control practices, it is very primitive in the developing countries including Nepal. This paper highlights global policies/legislations that have been practiced for emissions control from high emitting vehicles based on the available literature. The insights and lessons based information presented in this paper will add value to the policy makers for creating strong policy packages of air quality management for Kathmandu valley including other parts of Nepal.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Lockdown and Changes of Air Quality in the Most Polluted City of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-714
Author(s):  
M. N. Ferdous ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
P. Chakrabortty ◽  
S. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Air pollution is now a serious issue all over the world. Especially, people of developing countries are seriously affected by air pollution because, like other pollution, air pollution is not given importance. Due to the covid-19 lockdown, pollution is reduced, and as expected, the air quality of Dhaka city has improved. Daily AQI data was collected for the months of April, May and June (2020) and compared with the last six years of data for these months respectively. It was found that the mean AQI of Dhaka city in April, May, and June lower than the last six years in the same period. The mean AQI decreased 43.52 %, 22.37 %, 9,82 %, 16.38 %, 41.43 %, 34.16 % in April when compared with April 2014-2019 respectively and the mean AQI decreased 33.69 %, 37.97 %, 39.25 %, 36.81 %, 45.59 %, 44.15 % in May when compared with May 2014-2019 respectively. The mean AQI decreased 26.48 %, 11.40 %, 8.28 %, 30.61 %, 36.37 % and increase 3.07 % in June (2020) when it compared with June 2014-2019 respectively. This study includes the statistical examination of air quality before and at the time of covid-19 lockdown in Dhaka city.

scholarly journals Air quality in Delhi during the Commonwealth Games

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 10619-10630 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marrapu ◽  
Y. Cheng ◽  
G. Beig ◽  
S. Sahu ◽  
R. Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Commonwealth Games ◽  
Air Quality Forecasting

Abstract. Air quality during the Commonwealth Games (CWG, held in Delhi in October 2010) is analyzed using a new air quality forecasting system established for the games. The CWG stimulated enhanced efforts to monitor and model air quality in the region. The air quality of Delhi during the CWG had high levels of particles with mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 at the venues of 111 and 238 μg m−3, respectively. Black carbon (BC) accounted for ~ 10% of the PM2.5 mass. It is shown that BC, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are well predicted, but with positive biases of ~ 25%. The diurnal variations are also well captured, with both the observations and the modeled values showing nighttime maxima and daytime minima. A new emissions inventory, developed as part of this air quality forecasting initiative, is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted species-species correlations (i.e., BC : CO; BC : PM2.5; PM2.5 : PM10). Assuming that the observations at these sites are representative and that all the model errors are associated with the emissions, then the modeled concentrations and slopes can be made consistent by scaling the emissions by 0.6 for NOx, 2 for CO, and 0.7 for BC, PM2.5, and PM10. The emission estimates for particles are remarkably good considering the uncertainty in the estimates due to the diverse spread of activities and technologies that take place in Delhi and the rapid rates of change. The contribution of various emission sectors including transportation, power, domestic and industry to surface concentrations are also estimated. Transport, domestic and industrial sectors all make significant contributions to PM levels in Delhi, and the sectoral contributions vary spatially within the city. Ozone levels in Delhi are elevated, with hourly values sometimes exceeding 100 ppb. The continued growth of the transport sector is expected to make ozone pollution a more pressing air pollution problem in Delhi. The sector analysis provides useful inputs into the design of strategies to reduce air pollution levels in Delhi. The contribution for sources outside of Delhi on Delhi air quality range from ~ 25% for BC and PM to ~ 60% for day time ozone. The significant contributions from non-Delhi sources indicates that in Delhi (as has been show elsewhere) these strategies will also need a more regional perspective.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Monitoring Around Residential and Transportation Sector Locations in Lagos Mainland

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Obanya ◽  
Nnamdi H. Amaeze ◽  
Olusola Togunde ◽  
Adebayo A. Otitoloju
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Bus Stops

Background. Industrialization and urbanization, while associated with increased productivity, are also potential causes of increased air pollution. Urban air quality has the potential to affect the health and wellbeing of residents of urban areas. Objectives. The present study investigated the levels of air pollutants around residential areas and transport sector locations (TSLs) in Lagos, Nigeria. Residential areas were defined as areas around inner streets and living quarters, while TSLs included busy roads, dual carriage roads, bus stops and major car parks in the Yaba Local Council Development Area of Lagos Mainland, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Air quality parameters were assessed in situ using calibrated hand-held devices at selected residential and TSLs. Each sampling location was geo-referenced and concentrations of the various parameters were used to plot distribution maps. Results. The findings from the monitoring exercise showed that levels of the measured air pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), noise, temperature and humidity were within the ranges of 1.00 – 6.0 5.97 ppm, 43.345.2 – 127.2159.7 μg/m3, 20.3 23.25 – 69.058.16 μg/m3, 0.0 0 – 0.20.17 ppm, 47.7 50 - 65 70.1 dB, 26.2227.2 – 35.536.7°C and 57.0157.6 – 91.8492.3%, respectively, around residential areas. Values of the measured air pollutants at the TSLs ranged as follows: 2.011.0 – 5.397.7 ppm, 103.3360.7 – 179.77404.0 μg/m3, 50.2832.3 – 91.01184.0 μg/m3, 0.00 – 0.40 ppm, 64.2153.1 – 71.1376.3 dB, 27.1826.2 –27.9332.6°C and 60.3660.0 – 75.0178.0%, respectively. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxide (NO2) were below detection limits in both sampling locations while volatile organic carbons (VOCs) ranged from 0.00 – 0.10 ppm in the TSLs. Discussion. Most assessed air quality parameters were significantly higher around bus stops (P < 0.05), except for CO and humidity. In addition, PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The results indicated that the quality of air (particulate matter) in the study area was poor, especially in the TSLs. Conclusions. The Federal Ministry of Environment, through its relevant agencies, must create policies to address urban air pollution, taking into consideration long term exposures and people that are most vulnerable within the population. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Reschedule Your Travel Plans: Human Health and Air Pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1408-1410
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jinping Mei ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Jinlian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Pollution Management

Air pollution is one of the biggest challenges for human health, and this is especially true for PM2.5 pollution in developing countries like China. Much of the PM2.5 research has been conducted in urban areas, but most tourist attractions are outdoors and outside cities and have been left out of related studies, leaving tourists unaware of the deadly air. To fill this gap, we investigated monthly PM2.5 concentrations in all of China’s outdoor tourist attractions. Our results indicated that summer is the healthiest time to travel in the Northeast, South, Southwest, and Northwest of China. Without air pollution management, our results also indicated that more than one third of the outdoor attractions would become unhealthy throughout the year. Thus, our work provides medical information to suggest that all tourists schedule China travel during periods of healthy air quality and also calls for instant air pollution management in China and beyond.

scholarly journals Hourly Profiles of Air Pollution Variation in Selected Cities, Towns and Villages in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Artur Stelegowski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Concentration of air pollution in urbanized and agricultural areas is related to the activity of various economy sectors (the so-called SNAP categories). Therefore, the change in the emission of pollutants by an anthropogenic source should result in a change in the air pollution level in the selected area. To better understand the nature of changes in air pollution concentration in urban and agricultural areas, an analysis of data of five-year (2012-2016) air quality measurements, carried out at selected automatic air quality monitoring stations in Poland, Europe. The data came from stations located in 5 regions (Lower Silesia, Greater Poland, Lodz, Masovia and Lublin) in central Poland. The average hourly concentrations in selected areas in cities, towns and villages were compared with the hourly emission factors of power generation sector (SNAP1), residential and commercial combustion sector (SNAP2) and road transport sector (SNAP7). The hourly profiles of air pollution level were expressed by means of the “imission factor”, as analogous to the hourly profiles of the “emission factor” that is being used in the LOTOS-EUROS and the CHIMERE chemistry-transport models.

scholarly journals Air quality in Delhi during the CommonWealth Games

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 10025-10059 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marrapu ◽  
Y. Cheng ◽  
G. Beig ◽  
S. Sahu ◽  
R. Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Commonwealth Games ◽  
Air Quality Forecasting

Abstract. Air quality during The CommonWealth Games (CWG, held in Delhi in October 2010) is analyzed using a new air quality forecasting system established for the Games. The CWG stimulated enhanced efforts to monitor and model air quality in the region. The air quality of Delhi during the CWG had high levels of particles with mean values of PM2.5 and PM10 at the venues of 111 and 238 μg m−3, respectively. Black carbon (BC) accounted for ∼10% of the PM2.5 mass. It is shown that BC, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are well predicted, but with positive biases of ∼25%. The diurnal variations are also well captured, with both the observations and the modeled values showing nighttime maxima and daytime minima. A new emissions inventory, developed as part of this air quality forecasting initiative, is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted species-species correlations (i.e., BC : CO; BC : PM2.5; PM2.5 : PM10). Assuming that the observations at these sites are representative and that all the model errors are associated with the emissions, then the modeled concentrations and slopes can be made consistent by scaling the emissions by: 0.6 for NOx, 2 for CO, and 0.7 for BC, PM2.5 and PM10. The emission estimates for particles are remarkably good considering the uncertainty in the estimates due to the diverse spread of activities and technologies that take place in Delhi and the rapid rates of change. The contribution of various emission sectors including transportation, power, domestic and industry to surface concentrations are also estimated. Transport, domestic and industrial sectors all make significant contributions to PM levels in Delhi, and the sectoral contributions vary spatially within the city. Ozone levels in Delhi are elevated, with hourly values sometimes exceeding 100 ppb. The continued growth of the transport sector is expected to make ozone pollution a more pressing air pollution problem in Delhi. The sector analysis provides useful inputs into the design of strategies to reduce air pollution levels in Delhi. The contribution for sources outside of Delhi on Delhi air quality range from ∼25% for BC and PM to ∼60% for day time ozone. The significant contributions from non-Delhi sources indicates that in Delhi (as has been show elsewhere) these strategies will also need a more regional perspective.

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