scholarly journals Wildlife assessment of the Chandragiri hills, Kathmandu: Potentiality for ecotourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Hem Bahadur Katuwal ◽  
Hari Basent ◽  
Hari Prasad Sharma ◽  
Sabina Koirala ◽  
Bhaiya Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Management Policies

Wildlife assessments can provide crucial information regarding species richness, relative abundance and spatial, temporal, and ecological information on wildlife habitat associations. The assessment’s information can in turn be used for developing management policies including for establishing touristic zones. We investigated wildlife occurrences in the Chandragiri Hills, Kathmandu Nepal from 2015-2019 to provide baseline data to inform the potential sites for ecotourism. During the study period, we recorded 30 mammal species, 199 bird species, 34 herpetofauna species and 77 butterfly species. The area harbors three globally and six nationally threatened mammal species, two globally and seven nationally threatened with one endemic bird species, one globally and nationally threatened herpetofauna, and one nationally threatened butterfly species. We also explored four potential hiking routes for observing wildlife and providing scenic views of the Himalayan range and Kathmandu city. Therefore, we expect Chandragiri Hills can become one of the hot spot for tourists to observe both common and threatened wildlife species in Nepal.

scholarly journals Landscape transformation and wildlife: road mortality in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 879 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
T Purnomo ◽  
M D Kusrini ◽  
A Mardiastuti
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Landscape Transformation ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Varanus Salvator

Abstract The development of high way that crosses wildlife habitat will inevitably cause wildlife casualties. The purpose of this study was to identify wildlife road mortality in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi (mostly consisted of savanna). Road kill data was collected by driving along the 22.4 km highway in February and March 2020 (n=28). Traffic volumes were recorded by taking traffic samples in 5 different times of the day, an hour duration each (totaling 70 h). There were 37 species being killed (totaling 529 individuals, of which 49.3% happened along km 0-10), consisted of 19 bird species, 3 small mammal species, 10 reptile species, and 5 amphibian species. Based on taxa, the highest number of road mortality was amphibians (dominated by Ingerophrynus biporcatus), followed by birds (mostly Lonchura malacca), mammals (dominated by Rattus argentiventer), and reptiles (dominated by Varanus salvator). Among mammals, no big mammal (booted macaque Macaca ochreata, wild boar Sus scrofa) was killed. Landscape transformation clearly has impacted wildlife in the study area. To reduce the occurrence of road kills, it is recommended to create corridors for wildlife crossings, limiting vehicle speed in the hot spots locations, create speed bumps, as well as adding more signage and road signs along the highway.

scholarly journals Wild Turkeys

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Pine Straw ◽  
Wild Turkeys ◽  
Bedding Materials

Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.

scholarly journals Population characteristics, space use and habitat associations of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Teleostei: Syngnathidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ierecê Lucena Rosa ◽  
Tacyana P. R. Oliveira ◽  
André L. C. Castro ◽  
Luiz E. de Souza Moraes ◽  
Josias H. A. Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Conservation And Management

This paper provides a case study of a threatened seahorse species, Hippocampus reidi, highlighting the importance of using ecological information to assist conservation and management initiatives. Underwater visual sighting data (50 x 2m transect) gathered along the NE, SE and S portions of the Brazilian coast revealed an unequal distribution across localities, perhaps related to harvesting pressure, and a mean density of 0.026 ind.m-2. Our findings suggest some restricted spatial use by H. reidi, which was consistent with its estimated home range, and with re-sighting of specimens. Reproduction was recorded year-round, however productive peaks may exist. Components of habitat structure mostly used as anchoring points were mangrove plants, macroalgae, cnidarians, seagrass, sponges, and bryozoans. Conservation recommendations include: further characterization and mapping of habitats; assessment of availability and condition of microhabitats in selected areas, and studies on dispersal routes during initial life stages.

Habitat selection of an endangered European farmland bird, the Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana, in two contrasting landscapes: implications for management

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN ŠÁLEK ◽  
VÍT ZEMAN ◽  
RADOVAN VÁCLAV
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Farmland Bird ◽  
Emberiza Hortulana ◽  
Ortolan Bunting

SummaryEffective conservation measures for any bird species across their distribution ranges require detailed knowledge of landscape-specific differences in habitat associations. The Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana is a farmland bird species, which experienced massive population declines during the recent decades and has become a conservation priority in many European countries. Thus, identification of the key habitat features is an important prerequisite for the conservation of the species. Here we investigate habitat associations of the Ortolan Bunting for the remaining breeding population of the species in the Czech Republic. This population is remarkable by its distribution in two markedly different environments – farmland and post-mining landscapes. The main objectives of this study were to identify habitat features associated with Ortolan Bunting occurrence within the two contrasting landscapes and at two spatial scales. Our results reveal a high degree of habitat plasticity by Ortolan Buntings in the Czech Republic which was revealed by the landscape- and scale- specific habitat associations. Habitat heterogeneity, in terms of compositional and configurational diversity, and the cover of bare ground were the most important predictors of Ortolan Bunting occurrence in both landscape types. In farmland, the species occurrence was positively associated with shrub and woody vegetation, poppy fields and set-asides, and negatively associated with grasslands, gardens/orchards, seedlings and urban habitats. In the post-mining landscape, the cover of herb vegetation and greater slope steepness and terrain ruggedness were most important habitat features. Ortolan Buntings in the post-mining landscape appear to avoid patches with a higher cover of shrub and woody vegetation, forests, seedlings and urban areas. We propose that conservation measures for Ortolan Buntings should focus on enhancing farmland habitat heterogeneity, but also on regulating the rate of succession in disturbed environments, such as post-mining landscapes.

Conservation status of mammals and birds in southwestern Australian forests. I. Is there evidence of direct links between forestry practices and species decline and extinction?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Calver ◽  
J. Dell
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
European Settlement

Sixteen mammal species and 22 bird species whose distributions extended into southwestern Australian forests before European settlement have been listed as threatened at some time in Commonwealth legislation, State legislation, or action plans of Environment Australia or its predecessors. Confident assessment of the causes of conservation status is hampered by poor base-line data, few studies of putative impacts and a preponderance of circumstantial or anecdotal rather than experimental evidence. However, introduced foxes were Implicated In the current conservation status of 62% of the mammal species recognized, while 44% of them were negatively impacted by feral cats, 44% by agricultural clearing and 44% by changed fire regimes. Forestry practices were impllcated in the conservation status of only one mammal species. For the bird species recognized, changed fire regimes had the greatest negative impact (45% affected), agricultural clearing affected 41%, draining of wetlands affected 32% and grazing by livestock affected 22%. Forestry practices were not directly implicated in the conservation status of any bird species. While these results suggest that forestry has had minimal direct impact on the mammals and birds of the forests, the conclusion should be treated cautiously because of the poor data. While awaiting a rigorous evaluation, we argue for a strong precautionary approach to forestry in the region. With proper forest management and sound sylvicultural [sic] treatment there is no reason why there should not be built up on the wreckage of the once splendid forests of Western Australia tended forests which will yield for all time 100 cubic feet of timber per acre per year. Lane-Poole (1920). There are many reasons why Australian environmentalists would like to end logging in native forests. The preservation of wilderness, aesthetics, an almost religious identification with old growth forests and the conservation of forest wildlife figure importantly in environmental efforts to restrict logging. Wilderness and a personal identification with trees and undisturbed forests are fundamentally incompatible with logging. Recher (1996).

Bird assemblages in wildlife habitat strips in a Tasmanian plantation matrix

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. MacDonald ◽  
Robert J. Taylor ◽  
Steven G. Candy
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Linear Forest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Production Forests

In Tasmania, a system of 100 m wide strips of native forest, referred to as wildlife habitat strips, is retained within production forest, including plantations. Thirty-nine points in 18 wildlife habitat strips within both eucalypt and pine plantations (which were not differentiated for the purposes of the present study) were paired with points in nearby extensive native forest and surveyed for birds. At non-riparian sites (upper slopes and ridges), bird species richness and total abundance were both significantly lower in habitat strips than in controls. This difference is quantitative rather than qualitative, as ordination did not distinguish strip sites and controls, and no species were obviously absent from habitat strips. Riparian zones showed no significant difference in species richness and total abundance between habitat strips and controls. Species richness and total abundance relative to controls increased as wildlife habitat strip length increased over the measured range (0.4-2.1 km). It is thought that this may be because birds perceive strips as linear forest patches rather than corridors, so that there may be a habitat area effect. Other strip characteristics such as width and plantation age were not significant in riparian areas, but may be important on upper slopes and ridges, and the former will affect strip area. Wildlife habitat strips appear to be a valuable component of a conservation programme for birds in production forests in Tasmania.

scholarly journals Conservation value of a native forest fragment in a region of extensive agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CHIARELLO
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Maned Wolf

A survey of mammals and birds was carried out in a semi-deciduous forest fragment of 150 ha located in a zone of intensive agriculture in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, south-eastern Brazil. Line transect sampling was used to census mammals and birds during six days, totalling 27.8 km of trails and 27.8 hours of observation. Twenty mammal species were confirmed in the area (except bats and small mammals), including rare or endangered species, such as the mountain lion (Puma concolor), the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). The brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) and the black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) were found frequently, suggesting high population density in the fragment. Regarding the avifauna, 49 bird species were recorded, most of them typical of open areas or forest edges. Some confirmed species, however, are becoming increasingly rare in the region, as for example the muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) and the toco toucan (Ramphastos toco). The results demonstrate that forest fragment of this size are refuges for native fauna in a region dominated almost exclusively by sugar-cane plantations. Besides faunal aspects, the conservation of these fragments is of great importance for the establishment of studies related to species preservation in the long term, including reintroduction and translocation projects, as well as studies related to genetic health of isolated populations.

Habitat associations of ten bird species in Washington, DC

Urban Ecology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Williamson ◽  
Richard M. DeGraaf
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Washington Dc

Window collisions by migratory bird species: urban geographical patterns and habitat associations

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Cusa ◽  
Donald A. Jackson ◽  
Michael Mesure
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Geographical Patterns

scholarly journals Gizzard vs. teeth, it's a tie: food-processing efficiency in herbivorous birds and mammals and implications for dinosaur feeding strategies

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Fritz ◽  
Jürgen Hummel ◽  
Ellen Kienzle ◽  
Oliver Wings ◽  
W. Jürgen Streich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Significant Difference

Particle size reduction is a primary means of improving efficiency in herbivores. The mode of food particle size reduction is one of the main differences between herbivorous birds (gizzard) and mammals (teeth). For a quantitative comparison of the efficiency of food comminution, we investigated mean fecal particle sizes (MPS) in 14 herbivorous bird species and compared these with a data set of 111 non-ruminant herbivorous mammal species. In general MPS increased with body mass, but there was no significant difference between birds and mammals, suggesting a comparable efficiency of food processing by gizzards and chewing teeth. The results lead to the intriguing question of why gizzard systems have evolved comparatively rarely among amniote herbivores. Advantages linked to one of the two food comminution systems must, however, be sought in different effects other than size reduction itself. In paleoecological scenarios, the evolution of “dental batteries,” for example in ornithopod dinosaurs, should be considered an advantage compared to absence of mastication, but not compared to gizzard-based herbivory.

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