A New Look at an Old Topic (Money Sources for Municipalities)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4-2) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Boris Lavrovskiy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Slot Machines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Card Games ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article is devoted to some aspects of card games, and the evolution of casinos in modern Russia. It is shown that in connection with criminalization and other negative phenomena, the gambling business was equated with “alcoholization of the population”. The problem of criminalization could not be solved, since casinos and slot machines migrated largely underground. The internet has become another loophole. In the mid-2000s, the loss of income from casinos to the state budget was a drop in the ocean. After 15 years, the situation has changed. Budget deficits of municipalities have become almost the norm, many subjects of the Federation have become chronic debtors. New non-trivial sources of state and municipal revenues are required. If, taking into account the pros and cons, it turns out to be possible to legalize the gambling business in the country, it should be based on new principles. Among them, locations far from cities, in regional centers, strict state control, a special (but not stifling) tax regime, no credits to players, and wide scale restrictions.

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

scholarly journals THE NONRANDOM WALK OF KNOWLEDGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Jane R. Bambauer ◽  
Saura Masconale ◽  
Simone M. Sepe
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Evidence Gathering ◽  
Epistemic Goals ◽  
Epistemic Process

AbstractA person’s epistemic goals sometimes clash with pragmatic ones. At times, rational agents will degrade the quality of their epistemic process in order to satisfy a goal that is knowledge-independent (for example, to gain status or at least keep the peace with friends.) This is particularly so when the epistemic quest concerns an abstract political or economic theory, where evidence is likely to be softer and open to interpretation. Before wide-scale adoption of the Internet, people sought out or stumbled upon evidence related to a proposition in a more random way. And it was difficult to aggregate the evidence of friends and other similar people to the exclusion of others, even if one had wanted to. Today, by contrast, the searchable Internet allows people to simultaneously pursue social and epistemic goals.This essay shows that the selection effect caused by a merging of social and epistemic activities will cause both polarization in beliefs and devaluation of expert testimony. This will occur even if agents are rational Bayesians and have moderate credences before talking to their peers. What appears to be rampant dogmatism could be just as well explained by the nonrandom walk in evidence-gathering. This explanation better matches the empirical evidence on how people behave on social media platforms. It also helps clarify why media outlets (not just the Internet platforms) might have their own pragmatic reasons to compromise their epistemic goals in today’s competitive and polarized information market. Yet, it also makes policy intervention much more difficult, since we are unlikely to neatly separate individuals’ epistemic goals from their social ones.

scholarly journals RNA Modification Level Estimation with pulseR

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Etienne Boileau ◽  
Christoph Dieterich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Rna Modifications ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Wide Scale

RNA modifications regulate the complex life of transcripts. An experimental approach called LAIC-seq was developed to characterize modification levels on a transcriptome-wide scale. In this method, the modified and unmodified molecules are separated using antibodies specific for a given RNA modification (e.g., m6A). In essence, the procedure of biochemical separation yields three fractions: Input, eluate, and supernatent, which are subjected to RNA-seq. In this work, we present a bioinformatics workflow, which starts from RNA-seq data to infer gene-specific modification levels by a statistical model on a transcriptome-wide scale. Our workflow centers around the pulseR package, which was originally developed for the analysis of metabolic labeling experiments. We demonstrate how to analyze data without external normalization (i.e., in the absence of spike-ins), given high efficiency of separation, and how, alternatively, scaling factors can be derived from unmodified spike-ins. Importantly, our workflow provides an estimate of uncertainty of modification levels in terms of confidence intervals for model parameters, such as gene expression and RNA modification levels. We also compare alternative model parametrizations, log-odds, or the proportion of the modified molecules and discuss the pros and cons of each representation. In summary, our workflow is a versatile approach to RNA modification level estimation, which is open to any read-count-based experimental approach.

scholarly journals Unchained freedom in cyberspace: a new danger for children’s rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-395
Author(s):  
Shahin Sabir Mammadrzali
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
The Internet ◽  
State Control ◽  
Entertainment Education ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child

The article is dedicated to the harm of cyberspace over children's digital rights in the Internet and introduces conclusions for better defeating digital violations. Digital violations against child rights exist in various forms. Although violation of children's digital rights is the reality of current life, still there is no unified and well-developed system of solutions to restrict freedom in cyberpace. Cyberspace opens new borders for entertainment, education, cultural and moral development of children. Yet, possible difficulties arise when it comes to suitable child rights. Children's digital rights is significantly more complex and multifaceted. Few norms in international law can be found for the regulation of cyberspace and the digital rights of children in this new medium. The content and scope of digital rights of children have not been defined yet. Thus, systemic international and national cyberspace mechanisms relating to the rights of the child should be created on the basis of state control.

E-Planning through the Wisconsin Land Information Program

2013 ◽  
pp. 1525-1540
Author(s):  
Patrice Day ◽  
Rina Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Information Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Government Level

Through the lenses of Critical GIS and political economy, this paper examines the history of the Wisconsin Land Information Program (WLIP), which was created in 1989 and provides an early US example of the adoption of GIS at the local government level. Using a mixed methods approach and a case study design, the authors focus on the cooperation and conflicts among various actors and networks, at and between scales, during times of plentiful and lean resources. Catalyzed by the 1978 Larsen Report, the WLIP was unique in its inclusiveness of everyone involved in land records management. University academics brought together all the stakeholders to create a thematic and territorial network with political power and a unique funding mechanism. As land use planning and state budget deficits became prominent, the program became a target, leading to conflict and power struggles, particularly with the state Department of Administration (DOA). What began as an egalitarian, grass-roots, socially just, forward-thinking program has shape-shifted, and while the WLIP is still a viable and functioning program, its egalitarian goals have been subverted by economics.

Online Communities, Democratic Ideals, and the Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
F. S. Grodzinsky ◽  
H. T. Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Information Justice

We examine some pros and cons of online communities with respect to two main questions: (1) Do online communities promote democracy and democratic ideals? and (2) What are the implications of online communities for information justice and the digital divide? The first part of the chapter will examine online communities in general and will attempt to define what we mean by “community” and more precisely, “online communities.” It will then examine ways of building online communities, that is, what brings people together online. The second part of the chapter will look at the positive and negative contributions of online communities in light of democratic ideals and will address the issue of information justice and the digital divide. In examining these questions, we also consider the effects of the Internet for community life at both the local and global levels.

Online Communities, Democratic Ideals, and the Digital Divide

2008 ◽  
pp. 2505-2515
Author(s):  
Frances S. Grodzinsky ◽  
Herman T. Tavani
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Information Justice

We examine some pros and cons of online communities with respect to two main questions: (1) Do online communities promote democracy and democratic ideals? and (2) What are the implications of online communities for information justice and the digital divide? The first part of the chapter will examine online communities in general and will attempt to define what we mean by “community” and more precisely, “online communities.” It will then examine ways of building online communities, that is, what brings people together online. The second part of the chapter will look at the positive and negative contributions of online communities in light of democratic ideals and will address the issue of information justice and the digital divide. In examining these questions, we also consider the effects of the Internet for community life at both the local and global levels.

scholarly journals Approaches and Trends of Automatic Bangla Text Summarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
Md. Majharul Haque ◽  
Suraiya Pervin ◽  
Anowar Hossain ◽  
Zerina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Internet User ◽  
English Text ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Electronic Content

As long as the internet user is increasing, online electronic content is growing proportionally irrespective of languages. A lot of research works on English text summarization have come to light to deal with this gigantic body of online text. Unfortunately, a few works have been accomplished for Bangla though a huge number of people are involved with this language. This article has tried to explore the trend of research work on Bangla text summarization. Fourteen approaches have been briefly expounded here by addressing the pros and cons with some scope of improvement. A comparison has also been turned based on their incorporated features and evaluation results. It is expected that this article will draw the attention of more researchers in the area of Bangla text summarization and give a crystal-clear message about the opportunities to the next generation. The integrated message about all the existing methods has been depicted here to reveal the importance of Bangla text summarization. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first review study in this ground.

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