Boilers slagging when burning wood pellets

A promising trend for upgrading wastes from timber cutting, processing and treatment is their granulation. It allows to increase their specific heats of combustion by 2.5– 3.5 times and their portability characteristics by 3–4 times, to reduce transportation costs by 6– 10 times and to improve all the operations stages. The construction and commissioning of boiler facilities operating on refined biofuel made it possible to form a stable domestic market for wood pellets. However, 0.5 – 1.5 MW nominal capacity hot water boilers equipped with furnaces and profiled burners at the bottom, in cold seasons had fast accumulation of focal residues deposits in the burners and on the furnace chambers lining. The process was complicated by these deposits hardening due to their melting and sintering. These circumstances cause a decrease in the energy and environmental performance of heat-generating installations and their reliability, and also leads to the unplanned shutdowns to clean the boiler furnaces. To find out the reasons for these negative phenomena and to develop recommendations for their elimination, a set of research operations was carried out with wood pellets shipped by the manufacturer and supplied to the burners of the boilers under the analyses; with focal residues accumulated in the burners and on the lining of the furnace chambers; as well as an analysis of the heat generating facilities operation modes. The studies carried out made it possible to identify the main factors that caused these negative phenomena and to develop the recommendations for their elimination.

«The Klutkoism». Saransk Case of 1934.

The article is devoted to the events of the first part of 1930-ies in the Mordovian Autonomous Region. The politics struggle between different groups of the soviet and party ruling elite, which accompanied the process of the formation of Mordovian statehood and the korenization of the State machinery are considering as well. On the example of Mordovian oblast committee and Saransk town committee of VKP(b) some features inherent in the regional Soviet nomenclature of the 1930s are shown. The article acknowledges that in Mordovia, the struggle between various groups of the Soviet and Party elite was significantly influenced by the national factor and the process of indigenization of the administrative apparatus. At the same time, there was tension between the First secretary of the regional Party Committee sent from the outside, who tried to rely on his own proteges, and the regional nomenclature clans formed from local national cadres. Meanwhile, in the existing system of close-knit corporate groups and bureaucratic clans based on personal ties and mutual responsibility, there was a rapid degeneration of Party and Soviet executives. This led to the spread of such negative phenomena as leaderism, embezzlements, abuse of official position, etc. In preparing the article, the method of analyzing historical documents, historical and systemic, historical and comparative methods were used. Archival documents (from the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia), as well as materials of the Soviet periodicals from the newspapers Volzhskaya Kommuna and Krasnaya Mordovia served as the basis for the source base of the article.

Social Dependency: the Values of Collectors, Fishing Logics and the Economics of Gift

The phenomenon of social dependence is considered as a phenomenon that accompanied the life of society at all times. On the basis of analysis of the theoretical resources and empirical studies, a parallelism of dependency strategies is carried out. The evolution of the moral and ethical values of human communities is analyzed through the works of K. Polanya, I. Morris, T. Shanin and others. The convergence of systems of moral and ethical values of prehistoric, non-historical society and modern societies is described. Dependency is considered as fishing, intermediate equipment and gift economics. A unique phenomenon is being studied, which is practically not reflected in the information field, does not find direct accounting in official statistics, however, is well-known in Russian everyday life — «garage-owners». Based on a deep theoretical analysis, it is concluded that the practices of dependency are characterized by a certain form of extremely archaic egalitarianism, and the convergence of the values of collectors and members of post-industrial communities is expressed in fishing, that is, in essence assigning logics to economic practices of our time. The theoretical constructions of the modern topical studies resonate with the empirical studies, both of the garage socio-economic structure and the practices of social dependence. The conceptual approaches discussed in the article have the potential to study various socially negative phenomena of the modern society.

A New Look at an Old Topic (Money Sources for Municipalities)

The article is devoted to some aspects of card games, and the evolution of casinos in modern Russia. It is shown that in connection with criminalization and other negative phenomena, the gambling business was equated with “alcoholization of the population”. The problem of criminalization could not be solved, since casinos and slot machines migrated largely underground. The internet has become another loophole. In the mid-2000s, the loss of income from casinos to the state budget was a drop in the ocean. After 15 years, the situation has changed. Budget deficits of municipalities have become almost the norm, many subjects of the Federation have become chronic debtors. New non-trivial sources of state and municipal revenues are required. If, taking into account the pros and cons, it turns out to be possible to legalize the gambling business in the country, it should be based on new principles. Among them, locations far from cities, in regional centers, strict state control, a special (but not stifling) tax regime, no credits to players, and wide scale restrictions.

Історія українського народу та його національна ідентичність у мовознавчих міркуваннях (до 85-річчя доктора філологічних наук, професора А. М. Поповського)

The article deals with the figure of famous Ukrainian linguist, doctor of philology, professor, poet, Honored Worker of Education of Ukraine, Anatoliy Popovsky and his scientific achievements, in particular the monograph “A little bit about Ukrainian surnames” (2020) is devoted to the problem of the origin and creation of Ukrainian surnames, their functioning in business, works of art and journalism. It is an encyclopedia about the ancestral memory and destiny of Ukraine, national identity and self-respect. It provides a detailed analysis of the semantics of Ukrainian surnames with interesting lexical components, highlights the issue of their deformation in the Russian Empire and in Soviet times, resulting in the substitution of cultural values and ideology. A. Popovsky’s scientific work is a “life hack” on the revival of “Cossacks’ power and beauty”. The monograph is a history of the Ukrainian people in surnames, starting from family traditions and ending with positive and negative phenomena at the state level. The issue of studying surnames, as well as nominations of villages, settlements, cities, and districts to reproduce the geography and history of the Ukrainian anthroponymy in synchrony and diachrony needs to be comprehensively proceeded and popularized in the educational process and contemporary mass media as important sources of the formation of public opinion.

Insult of the Language as a Phenomenon of the Modern Bilingual Communication Space in Belarus

In Belarus the Belarusian-Russian bilingualism is legalized constitutionally and the existing language legal framework has a long-standing basis for civil agreement on the use and functioning of both state languages. However, in recent years there have appeared a number of negative phenomena aroused by certain shifts in the structure of the communicative interactions. This refers, in particular, to a recently defined offence of insult of the language. This phenomenon is new to the Belarusian linguistic-legal discourse and the interest in it predetermined the purpose of this research, namely, to study the phenomenon of insult of the language from the standpoint of modern Belarusian linguistic legal expertise. Materials and methods. The research is based on records of administrative offences that violate the language regulations. The methodological basis comprises the method of parameterization and the logical-linguistic, comparative and lexical-semantic analyzes. Results. The research carries out both the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of insult of the language from the standpoint of linguistic expertise and the practical analysis of conflict-prone texts. Unlike personal insults, where the defining parameters are factfulness, attributiveness and non-normativity, insults of the language are only defined in legal practice by the parameter of attributiveness, i.e. by the presence of words in the remark that derogate the language and demean its status. The obtained results indicate that the Belarusian legislation system treats the language with a special regard. Firstly, acknowledgement of the fact that the language can suffer an insult proves its special role among other cultural artifacts. Secondly, the legal practice demonstrates respect for the language and regards it as a super entity that stands above the category of personality.

ANALYSIS OF THE GEOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN KALUSH: CURRENT SITUATION AND WAYS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM

Careless economic activity of chemical and mining enterprises of the Kalush-Holyn potassium salts deposit has caused ecological disbalance in a subsurface rock layers. This caused a technogenic disaster in Kalush such as the intensification of dangerous geological processes: flooding and waterlogging of lands, intensification of karst and suffusion processes, deterioration of groundwater and surface water. The study results of the geoecological situation in Kalush using research reports’ materials of the specialized state enterprises and relevant thematic maps; and interpretation of remote sensing data are higlighted in the article. Comprehensive map of the geoecological situation of Kalush was developed in order to visualize the processes associated with the deformation of the earth’s surface in the area of Kalush and other negative phenomena that must be taken into account when planning the development of the city.

THE PLACE OF FINANCIAL MONITORING IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

На основании проведенного анализа существующих определений «мониторинг» и «финансовый мониторинг» авторы делают вывод, что финансовый мониторинг необходимо рассматривать в качестве способа систематического наблюдения и анализа за движением денежных потоков. Данный инструмент позволяет как фиксировать и анализировать уже совершенные негативные явления в финансовой сфере, так и выявлять и диагностировать нарушения, которые могут появиться в будущем. Based on the analysis of the existing definitions of «monitoring» and «financial monitoring», the authors conclude that financial monitoring should be considered as a method of systematic monitoring and analysis of the «movement» of cash flows. This tool allows you to record and analyze both already committed negative phenomena in the financial sphere, and to identify and diagnose violations that may probably appear in the future.

Spatial analysis of the phenomenon of random gatherings in Thi Qar Governorate for the year 2020

The phenomenon of slums of the most negative phenomena which most cities suffer in developing countries and many of the major cities in the world to what caused this phenomenon of the burden of economic problems, social, demographic, environmental and security and others, as well as a distortion of the visual landscape of the cities due to lack of aesthetic values in design and engineering buildings, roads and services and its neighborhood, and different reasons and implications of the emergence of these gatherings and forms and results of its processors and from one country to another according to the reality and the level of each of them . This study addressed the statement and analysis of the phenomenon of slums in the province of Dhe Qar levels and find out the reasons and motives that led to the spread of this phenomenon and aggravated taken from data and statistics issued by the official authorities room for them in the light of the human geography curriculum that deals with the analysis and distribution of population phenomena and find out the reasons and the factors behind them. It was found through the study, said the size of the slum dwellers is closely linked with population size to eliminate Valemratb first numbers slums in the province are the same as the first rank in terms of population size and this applies specifically to spend Nasiriyah Center, which accounted ranked first, accounting for more than half of the slums occupied (56.3 %) were from the share, either the districts of al-Rifai and market the Senate has came second ranks third by (13, 11.5%), respectively, while it did not apply to the districts of Chabaish Shatrah where he finished Chabaish spend ranked fourth in the preparation of squatter registered ratio (10.2%) and numbers approximate what the case in the district of Suq despite a decline in its size and population Mqarndta with the rest of the districts, on the contrary spend Shatra, which held the last place in spite of its size and population high registered ratio (9%).

Multibody system simulation as a predictive tool for possible estimation of negative effects caused by vibrations of FDM device

The design of fused deposition modeling (FDM) devices in their current form is associated with many negative effects, which result mainly from their construction deficiency. Due to the constant effort to increase the accuracy and speed of these devices, we often encounter the emergence of various negative factors. One of the most significant factors is the presence of negative vibrations of the frame and individual components. These are directly linked to several shortcomings that FDM devices come with. Efforts to make the structures as simple as possible, their low weight or the use of filament extruders placed directly on the printheads and axis travels, are perceived as well-known shortcomings. These negative phenomena are subsequently manifested by the emergence of specific defects visible on the surface of the manufactured models. The article presents the possibility of predicting the occurrence of these negative phenomena, with the use of multibody simulation. This simulation analyzes the movements of a specific device at different print speeds. The article then presents the results of these simulations and analysis of the transmission of negative oscillations at specific critical points of the FDM device. Finally, the article examines the influence of possible regulation of devices acceleration rates caused by electrical motors in individual axes and their influence on the final surface quality of the manufactured model. The article points out the possibilities of using this type of simulation processes and analysis in the design process of new types of frames and translation mechanisms for FDM devices.