scholarly journals One or many European models of agriculture? How heterogeneity influences income creation among farms in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 445-456
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kryszak ◽  
Thomas Herzfeld
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
The Eu

Agricultural structures are quite heterogeneous across the European Union (EU), and it is likely that the underlying technology also differs across regions. In this article, we claim that the heterogeneity of agriculture across the EU affects the process of income creation (i.e. the relative importance of the factors of farm income differ for different agricultural models). A panel of farms representative for 125 regions reporting to the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) during the period from 2007 to 2018 is used. In this article, those regions are grouped into three clusters. A system generalised method of moments (GMM) panel estimator is applied to each cluster. The results showed that total factor productivity (TFP), relative prices and agricultural subsidies make different contributions to farm net value added (FNVA). In particular, the income growth of farms in regions dominated by large farms seems to react more to marginal changes of the explanatory variables.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF HORTICULTURAL FARM NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SIZE CLASSES AND CHANGES IN THEIR INCOME IN 2007-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Maryla Bieniek-Majka ◽  
Marta Guth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study is to determine changes in the structure of horticultural farms in EU countries in the years 2007-2017 and their incomes and determine the share of subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy in the income of horticultural farms in studied groups. Horticultural farms from the European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (EUFADN) of all EU countries were surveyed. A dynamic analysis of the structure of farm numbers in particular groups of economic size (ES6) was carried out, and then the average change in income and the share of subsidies in income within these groups in 2007 and 2017 were presented. As a result of the conducted research, changes in the number of horticultural farms in various groups of economic size were taken into account and the assumptions concerning the decreasing scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms were confirmed by a decrease in the number of the economically weakest groups and an increase in the number of medium and large farms. It was noted that, in the studied groups, the strongest income growths concerned farms with medium or high economic strength, which may mean that income had a significant impact on the process. Moreover, it results from the conducted research that existing institutional solutions additionally supported the tendency to reduce the scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms in the EU-12 due to the fact that the shares of subsidies were higher in groups with higher economic strength.

scholarly journals Agricultural performance in the V4 countries and its position in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Szabo Luboslav ◽  
Grznar Miroslav ◽  
Zelina Michal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the development of agrarian farms in Visegrad Group (V4) countries, primarily in terms of results and the most important production inputs of production factors and their efficiency in the period from 2004 to 2013 based on the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The results of the analysis show that if farms in the V4 countries want to achieve the same performance as developed countries, they must invest more in purchasing intensification factors and adjust the structure of assets production specification. It will be necessary to stop the reduction in the numbers of livestock and to strive for growth in gross farm income, mainly through the processing of agricultural raw materials.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE ROMANIAN FISCAL LEGISLATION

2008 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mircea Muntean ◽  
Doina Pacurari
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Dividend Tax ◽  
Excise Duties ◽  
The Eu

Fiscal policy constitutes – within the state's economic policy – a system by means of which the taxes and duties owed to the country's consolidated budget are established and collected. Taking into account the role fiscal policy has been playing since Romania's admission in the European Union, one of the goals ceaselessly looked for is its adapting to the international community's acquis through the implementation of the European directives in our context. The EU directives make reference to direct taxes: dividend tax, interest income tax, assets transfer, shares exchange, income taxation for the non-residents, and so on, along with the indirect taxes: value-added tax, excise duties, etc. The paper approaches the main provisions within the contents of the European directives as well as the means of their implementation in the Romanian fiscal legislation regarding various types of taxes. The implementation of the European directives has been simultaneous with the establishing of measures concerning fiscal fraud prevention, frauds liable to have a negative impact on the state's consolidated budget.

Pesticide regulation in the European Union and the glyphosate controversy

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Pesticide Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe glyphosate controversy before the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate in the European Union (EU) once again turned the spotlight on pesticide regulation in the EU. In the EU, pesticides are attracting more public attention than in other parts of the world, and many nongovernmental organizations specifically target pesticide regulation, trying to influence politicians and other decision makers. Following an overview of the EU pesticide legislation and the impact hitherto on EU agriculture, this paper outlines the glyphosate controversy and presents the outcome of desk studies conducted in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Sweden on the potential effects of a glyphosate ban on agricultural productivity and farm income. All studies concluded that the loss of income depends very much on farm type and cropping practice, but they all reached the conclusion that particularly no-tillage farming/conservation agriculture will be facing severe problems without glyphosate to control weeds and terminate cover crops. No-tillage/conservation agriculture is viewed as an effective strategy to prevent soil erosion and loss of nutrients, which could become larger problems without glyphosate. Other issues highlighted in the studies were the impact on resistance management, as glyphosate is largely seen as a “herbicide-resistance breaker.” Without glyphosate, fundamental changes in farming practices in the EU are required, and it is hard to imagine that they will come without a cost, at least in the short term.

scholarly journals The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Analyze Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the European Union

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is considered one of the most economically developed regions worldwide. It was driven by the mining industry for several decades. Despite certain changes in this area, a number of mineral and energy resources are still being mined in the EU. Nevertheless, mining activities are accompanied by many unfavorable phenomena, especially for the environment, such as greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. The great diversity of the EU countries in terms of the size of the “mining and quarrying” sector means that both the volume and structure of these emissions in individual countries varies. In order to assess the current state of affairs, research was conducted to look at the structure and volume of these emissions in individual EU countries. The aim of the study was to divide these countries into homogenous groups by structure and volume of studied emissions. In order to reflect both the specificity and diversity of the EU countries, this division was based on the seven most important gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, NMVOC, CO, NOx) and two types of particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10) emitted into the atmosphere from the sector in question. The volume of studied emissions was also compared to the number of inhabitants of each EU country and the gross value added (GVA) by the mining and quarrying sector. This approach enabled a new and broader view on the issue of gas and air pollutant emissions associated with mining activities. The artificial Kohonen’s neural networks were used for the analysis. The developed method, the analyses and the results constitute a new approach to studying such emissions in the EU. Research that looks only at the emission of harmful substances into the environment in relation to their absolute values fail to fully reflect the complexity of this problem in individual EU countries. The presented approach and the results should broaden the knowledge in the field of harmful substance emissions from the mining and quarrying sector, which should be utilized in the process of implementing the new European climate strategy referred to as “The European Green Deal”.

scholarly journals Multidimensional comparative analysis of the competitive capacity of the European Union countries and geographical regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cheba ◽  
Katarzyna Szopik-Depczyńska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The basic question we ask is whether is it possible to talk in today’s globalizing world about the uniform of the competitiveness of the economies? Posing such questions is particularly important in the case of political and economic structures such as the European Union. The competitiveness of the economies is now one of the most frequently discussed topics. In this work, due to the context of the conducted research (international comparisons of the EU countries’ economies) the competitiveness of international economies will be considered in terms of international competitive capacity. In addition to the problems associated with defining this concept, there are also important dilemmas concerned with the measurement of the competitiveness. In the performed comparative analyses of European economies the research results presented within reports of „Global Competitiveness Index” will be used. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the competitive capacity of the European Union countries and geo-graphical regions of Europe. Methods: In the paper, to study the spatial differentiation of the EU countries and geograph-ical regions of Europe in the context of their competitive capacity, the taxonomic measure of development based on median vector Weber was used. Findings & Value added: As a result, the classification and the typological groups of EU countries and geographical regions of Europe calculated on the basis of the features describing their competitive capacity arises. The value added of these research is the analysis of competitive capacity conducted not only for EU countries, but also for geographical regions of Europe. In the paper, the verification of criteria using by World Economic Forum to assess the competitive capacity of EU economies was also conducted. In this area of the research, because of high level of correlation, many features from initial database were deleted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cultural sphere development in the European Union countries as a factor of forming social capital and creative industries: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Marianna Kichurchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Eu

Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of cultural sphere development in the countries of the European Union, because it is an integral part of creative industries and improvement of social capital. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of cultural sphere development in the EU countries due to its importance for the system of creative industries and the process of social capital accumulation, outlining the possibilities of European experience adaptation in this sphere for Ukraine. The scientific and methodology approaches were developed to the definition of cultural sphere development factors in the EU countries from the point of view of its influence on the formation of social capital and creative industries. A comparative analysis of socio-economic development of cultural sphere in 2011-2019 was realized, including evaluation of spatial differences in its functioning on the base of variation indicators calculating and tracking their dynamics. The specification of multiple regression models was done, in which the explained variables became employment in cultural sphere (Y1) and the value of its gross value added (Y2). It is found out that the place and significance of the cultural sphere for the national economy of each EU country differ, whereas the environment of its functioning is relatively stable, which contributes to the formation of proper conditions for the accumulation of social capital and the development of creative industries. It is substantiated that spatial differences in cultural sphere development have been intensified in the EU countries due to the different intensity of social capital and creative industries network formation. The multiple regression analysis revealed that a number of explanatory variables (demographic situation, tourism activity, unemployment rate, and education index) influence employment and gross value added of the cultural sphere. It is determined that for the cultural sphere of Ukraine, taking into account the European integration and experience of the EU countries, it is important to ensure the stability of cultural sphere, minimize the effects of the demographic crisis, promote tourism development, and regulate the employment policy, which, due to synergy, will influence the social capital and the positions of creative industries in the national economy.

scholarly journals Acceptance of bioeconomy principles in strategic documents on European and Slovak level

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02044
Author(s):  
Lenka Navrátilová ◽  
Blanka Giertliová ◽  
Iveta Hajdúchová ◽  
Jaroslav Šálka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Strategies ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The European Union has laid the foundations of European bioeconomy by publishing Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bioeconomy for Europe in 2012 and A sustainable bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment in 2018. These publications have inspired individual countries to develop their national bioeconomy strategy. Purpose of the article: The lack of engagement in the area of bioeconomy appears to be a problem, as individual national strategies differ vastly amongst the countries. For successful bioeconomy development, there is a need to identify and address the differences in these strategies. That is why, we aim our attention at comparing European and Slovak bioeconomy legislative and at analysing to what extent have Slovak legislative implemented aspects of the European legislative. Methods: The methodology of this study relies on document analysis of officially adopted policy strategies and roadmaps in the EU and Slovak Republic. The paper aims at defining the concept of bioeconomy, its relevance for the society and identifying the differences in European and Slovak strategic documents. Findings & Value added: Since Slovakia is a part of EU, it largely transmits the key areas of EU strategies to its own national strategy. Nevertheless, while comparing strategic documents on the two levels, disparities can be find resulting from specific prerequisites, economic situation and other circumstances. The main difference being the extend to what bioeconomy is addressed. While EU places a great importance to this concept, Slovakia does not aim as much attention to it.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

Comparative assessment of structural indicators of Ukraine industry and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(13)) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
The Eu

A comparative analysis of the structural advantages of the industry of Ukraine and the EU member states in terms of the share of industry in: output of the economy, gross value added of the economy, exports of airborne vehicles, as well as the efficiency indicator (the share of airborne emissions in the industry). The place of Ukraine among EU member states is determined on the set of relative and absolute indicators of functioning of the industrial sector of the economy. A detailed comparative estimation of the structure of the airborne assets of the industry of Ukraine and Poland was conducted.

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