scholarly journals Plant composition, herbage yield, and nitrogen objectives in Arrhenatherion grasslands affected by cattle slurry application

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Duffková Renata ◽  
Brom Jakub
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
N Nutrition Index

Cattle slurry is commonly used to fertilize grasslands, so its impact on plant composition and herbage properties is important. Cattle slurry at annual rates of 60 (S1), 120 (S2), 180 (S3), and 240 kg nitrogen (N)/ha (S4) was applied to Arrhenatherion grasslands in moderately wet (WS), slopy (SS), and moderately dry (DS) sites cut three times a year over six years, to assess its effects on plant functional types, the Ellenberg N indicator value (Ellenberg N), herbage dry matter (DM) yield, herbage N content and offtake, N nutrition index (NNI), and N use efficiency (NUE). The site-specific changes in an increase in graminoid cover, Ellenberg N, herbage DM yield and N offtake, and NNI along with slurry application rates revealed, while cover of legumes, short forbs, and NUE decreased. In more productive sites (WS and SS), slurry application in the amount of 180 kg N/ha could be suggested as a slurry dose ensuring beneficial agronomic objectives. However, nature conservation requirements via maintaining plant biodiversity were not met. On the contrary, short-term slurry application up to 120 kg N/ha ensured on permeable DS not only sufficient agronomic objectives, but also plant biodiversity conservation requirements.

scholarly journals Gross Ammonification and Nitrification Rates in Soil Amended with Natural and NH4-Enriched Chabazite Zeolite and Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Giacomo Ferretti ◽  
Giulio Galamini ◽  
Evi Deltedesco ◽  
Markus Gorfer ◽  
Jennifer Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Losses ◽  
15N Pool Dilution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
N Use ◽  
15N Pool Dilution Technique

Using zeolite-rich tuffs for improving soil properties and crop N-use efficiency is becoming popular. However, the mechanistic understanding of their influence on soil N-processes is still poor. This paper aims to shed new light on how natural and NH4+-enriched chabazite zeolites alter short-term N-ammonification and nitrification rates with and without the use of nitrification inhibitor (DMPP). We employed the 15N pool dilution technique to determine short-term gross rates of ammonification and nitrification in a silty-clay soil amended with two typologies of chabazite-rich tuff: (1) at natural state and (2) enriched with NH4+-N from an animal slurry. Archaeal and bacterial amoA, nirS and nosZ genes, N2O-N and CO2-C emissions were also evaluated. The results showed modest short-term effects of chabazite at natural state only on nitrate production rates, which was slightly delayed compared to the unamended soil. On the other hand, the addition of NH4+-enriched chabazite stimulated NH4+-N production, N2O-N emissions, but reduced NO3−-N production and abundance of nirS-nosZ genes. DMPP efficiency in reducing nitrification rates was dependent on N addition but not affected by the two typologies of zeolites tested. The outcomes of this study indicated the good compatibility of both natural and NH4+-enriched chabazite zeolite with DMPP. In particular, the application of NH4+-enriched zeolites with DMPP is recommended to mitigate short-term N losses.

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Response of two-row and six-row barley to fertiliser N under Irish conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Barley ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
N Use

Abstract A range of cultivar types, including two-row and six-row types as well as line and hybrid types, are used for winter barley production in Ireland. There is little information available on the fertiliser nitrogen (N) requirements or the N use efficiency of these different types, particularly under Irish conditions. The objectives of the work presented here were to compare the response to fertiliser N of a two-row line cultivar, a six-row line cultivar and a six-row hybrid cultivar in terms of grain yield and aspects of N use efficiency. Experiments were carried out over three growing seasons, in the period 2012-2014, on a light-textured soil comparing the response of the three cultivars of winter barley to fertiliser N application rates ranging from 0 to 260 kg N/ha. There was no evidence that cultivar type, regardless of whether it was a two-row or six-row line cultivar or a six-row hybrid cultivar, influenced the response to fertiliser N of winter barley. There were some indications that six-row cultivars were less efficient at recovering soil N but used accumulated N more efficiently than the two-row cultivar. This work provided no evidence to support adjustment of fertiliser N inputs to winter barley based on cultivar type.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Urea-N Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea mays) Cultivation on Acid Soils Amended with Zeolite and TSP

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osumanu H. Ahmed ◽  
Aminuddin Hussin ◽  
Husni M. H. Ahmad ◽  
Anuar A. Rahim ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Ammonia loss significantly reduces the urea-N use efficiency in crop production. Efforts to reduce this problem are mostly laboratory oriented. This paper reports the effects of urea amended with triple superphosphate (TSP) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on soil pH, nitrate, exchangeable ammonium, dry matter production, N uptake, fresh cob production, and urea-N uptake efficiency in maize (Zea mays) cultivation on an acid soil in actual field conditions. Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatments and urea only (urea without additives) did not have long-term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate. Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop). All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop. In terms of urea-N uptake in the leaf and stem tissues of Swan, only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop. Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different. However, all the treatments with additives improved urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment. This suggests that urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.

N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N-use efficiency of an old and a new maize hybrid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McCullough ◽  
A. Aguilera ◽  
M. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Partitioning ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Leaf N

An old maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid (Pride 5) has been shown to be less tolerant to N stress than a new maize hybrid (Pioneer 3902) during early phases of development. The objective of this study was to quantify the response of the two hybids to N supply in terms of N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N–use efficiency. Plants were grown under controlled-environment conditions until the 12-leaf stage at three levels of N supply (i.e., 15 mM N, 2.5 mM N, and 0.5 mM N) and were sampled at the 4-, 8-, and 12-leaf stages. Rates of N uptake per unit ground area were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under maximum N stress during the 8- to 12-leaf phase, but rates were higher for Pride 5 at high N. Rates of N uptake per unit root weight were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under both medium and low N supply. The old hybrid (Pride 5) partitioned more dry matter and N to leaves than the new hybrid under low N supply, but leaf N per unit leaf area was higher for the new hybrid. The new hybrid (Pioneer 3902) maintained greater rates of leaf photosynthesis per unit leaf N regardless of N supply. Consequently, results indicate that the higher N-use efficiency of Pioneer 3902 under low N supply is associated with higher N uptake and a higher leaf N per unit leaf area. Key words:Zea mays L., dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, leaf N

Nitrogen Utilization of Selected Cropping Systems in the U.S. Northeast: I. Dry Matter Yield, N Uptake, Apparent N Recovery, and N Use Efficiency

1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Guillard ◽  
Gary F. Griffin ◽  
Derek W. Allinson ◽  
M. Moosa Rafey ◽  
William R. Yamartino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Apparent N Recovery ◽  
N Use ◽  
The U.S

N AND P FERTILIZATION OF BROMEGRASS IN THE DARK BROWN SOIL ZONE OF SASKATCHEWAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. UKRAINETZ ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
First Year ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Source ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

A 5–yr study was conducted on a Dark Brown loam at Scott, Saskatchewan to determine the effect of rate of ammonium nitrate-N (34–0–0) and urea-N (46–0–0) on bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) production and quality, N recovery and N use efficiency when the N was applied either annually or as a single application at the start of the experiment. The effect of phosphorus (P) on the above listed parameters was also assessed. Each N source was applied at once-only rates of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 kg ha−1 and annual rates were 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha−1. Phosphorus was applied in 1976, 1979 and 1981 at 100 kg ha−1 P2O5. Forage dry matter was positively related to precipitation received in April–June (r = 0.91**) and in April of the crop year plus the previous September (r = 0.80**). Dry matter response to N rates generally increased at a decreasing rate in early years but linearly in later years. Over the first 4 yr, annual applications of N resulted in up to 37% more dry matter than the single applications. Dry matter production was generally greater when ammonium nitrate was applied than when urea was used; these differences were more consistent at medium N rates. Dry matter was increased by P only when N was applied. Nitrogen concentration in forage was directly related to N rate in years of good precipitation, was greater in dry than wet years, and when N was applied annually, but was unaffected by N source. Phosphorus fertilization increased P concentration of forage but heavy dry matter production reduced P concentration. Annual N applications increased P concentration in forage only in the first year and N source had no effect. Toxic concentrations of NO3–N in the forage occurred in the first year only at N rates [Formula: see text] and were directly related to the amount of N applied. Except for the 800 kg ha−1 N rate in the second year, there were no further indications of NO3–N toxicity. Accumulated N use efficiency decreased linearly with increasing N rate and was greater for ammonium nitrate than for urea except at very high N rates. Accumulated N recovery was inversely related to N rate for the single method of application but unaffected by N rate applied annually. Over the first 4 yr, accumulated N recovery was greater for the single application at low N rates, but was greater for annual applications of N at high N rates. P fertilization increased N recovery.Key words: N source, bromegrass, N recovery, yield, quality, application method

Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Nitrogen use efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

This study evaluated rate and timing of N fertilization effects on the N use efficiency characteristics of rain-fed Russet Burbank potato. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different rates of fertili zer N (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Whole-plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined at topkill. Soil inorganic N content was measured to 30-cm depth at planting and at tuber harvest. Soil N supply (plant N accumulation plus soil inorganic N content at harvest with no fertilizer N applied) varied from 77 to 146 kg N ha-1 depending on the year. Crop N supply (soil N supply plus fertilizer N applied) was a better predictor of plant N accumulation than fertilizer N rate, and was used to remove the confounding effect of variation in soil N supply when making among-year comparisons for N use efficiency characteristics. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N accumulation/crop N supply) decreased with increasing rates of N applied at hilling N rate in 1999, which was a dry year, but was not influenced by at-hilling N rate in 2000 and 2001, or by at-planting N rate in any year. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; dry matter accumulation/crop N supply) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation/plant N accumulation) decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply in each year. Similar relationships between NUE and crop N supply, and between NUtE and plant N accumulation, among the 3 yr of the study suggest that these relationships are largely independent of seasonal climatic variation, and are primarily genetically controlled. Timing of N fertilization had no effect on any N use efficiency parameter, with the exception of reduced NUpE associated with split N application in 1999. This suggests that under rain-fed potato production in Atlantic Canada, timing of N fertilization has no significant effect on N use efficiency of Russet Burbank potato in years of adequate soil moisture, but NUpE may be decreased by split application of N in dry years. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, soil inorganic N, apparent fertilizer N recovery

scholarly journals Nitrate Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Sweetpotato Genotypes during Early Stages of Storage Root Formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita R. Villagarcia ◽  
Wanda W. Collins ◽  
C. David Raper
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
N Use

Soil N availability is an important component in storage root production of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.]. A controlled-environment experiment was conducted to characterize effects of N availability on patterns of dry matter, nonstructural carbohydrates, and N accumulation, and to determine possible components of N use efficiency that vary between two genotypes of sweetpotato. Rooted cuttings of `Jewel' and MD810 were transplanted into pots filled with sand and kept in a growth chamber for 72 days. Plants were watered during the first 30 days with a complete nutrient solution that contained 14 mm NO3- and then for the next 42 days with one of three complete nutrient solution that contained either 2, 8, or 14 mm NO3-. At 30, 44, 58, and 72 days after transplanting, three plants from each cultivar and treatment combination were sampled and separated into leaves, stems plus petioles, fibrous roots, and storage roots. Each plant fraction was freeze-dried, weighed, ground, and analyzed for total N, soluble sugars, and starch. Availability of N in the substrate, which limited dry matter accumulation at 2 mm NO3-, was nonlimiting at 8 and 14 mm NO3-. In both genotypes, net assimilation rate, efficiency of N use (i.e., increments of dry matter accumulated per increment of N taken up), and proportion of dry matter allocated to storage roots were greater for N-stressed (2 mm NO3-) than N-replete (8 and 14 mm NO3-) plants. For the N-stressed plants, however, efficiency of N use was greater in MD810 than in `Jewel'. Although rate of NO3- uptake per unit fibrous root mass was similar in the two genotypes under the N stress treatment, MD810 had greater uptake rate than `Jewel' under nonlimiting availability of NO3- in the substrate. The increased rate of uptake under nonlimiting NO3- supplies apparently was related to enhanced rates of carbohydrate transport from shoots to roots. As tissue concentration of N declined in response to the lowest application of NO3-, shoot growth was limited prior to, and to a greater extent than, the photosynthetic rate. The resulting relative decline in sink activity of shoots thus presumably increased the availability of carbohydrates for transport to roots.

RESPONSE OF BROMEGRASS TO N, P AND S FERTILIZER ON A GRAY LUVISOLIC SOIL IN NORTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. UKRAINETZ ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
R. P. ZENTNER ◽  
M. MONREAL
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Single Application ◽  
N Source ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Second Year ◽  
N Use

A 9-yr study was conducted on a Gray Luvisolic loam at Loon Lake, Saskatchewan to determine the effect of ammonium nitrate-N (34–0–0) and urea-N (46–0–0) on bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) production and nutrient quality, N recovery, and N use efficiency when the N was applied either annually or as a single application at the start of the experiment. The effects of phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) were also assessed. Each N source was applied at single rates of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha−1 N and annual rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha−1 N. The ammonium nitrate was also applied as a single dose at rates of 600 and 1000 kg ha−1 N. Phosphorus and S were applied every second year at 224 kg ha−1 P2O5 and 45 kg ha−1 S. Forage dry matter yields were positively related to precipitation received in May and July, and April–May, but negatively related to June precipitation. Forage dry matter production was greater over the first 8-yr period for annual N applications than for a single application receiving an equivalent amount of N; but fertilizer N recovered in forage over the same period was similar (about 30%) for the two methods of application. Dry matter yields were 19% greater after 4 yr and 26% greater after 8 yr when ammonium nitrate was used compared to urea. Recovery of fertilizer N in forage also favored the ammonium nitrate source. The application of low to moderate N rates depressed forage N and P concentrations when yield response was high but concentrations were increased by the highest rates of N fertilizer and by repeated annual applications of N. Toxic concentrations of NO3-N occurred in bromegrass in the first year when N was applied at or above 400 kg ha−1 as one application and also in the second year when N was applied at 800 kg ha−1. When N was applied annually at 200 kg ha−1, NO3-toxicity became a potential problem in later years as soil mineral N accumulated. Phosphorus and S fertilizers increased dry matter yields of forage; P fertilizer increased and S decreased forage P concentration. Annual N applications resulted in more uniform year-to-year yields and N uptake response compared to a single application and provided greater dry matter production without loss of nutritive quality. It was concluded that, in contrast to reports in the literature, the response of forage grasses to N is not site specific.Key words: N source, N recovery, N application method, N use efficiency, phosphorus, sulfur

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