Variation in morphological and wood cell traits in coppice stems of Populus nigra L. and Salix alba L.

Coppice management is an ecologically important silvicultural practice to provide the quicker and higher potential of wood biomass production for industrial demands. Understanding morphological and anatomical responses of coppiced trees could help to determine the quantity and quality of wood and thus provide better management of coppiced tree plantations for short-time biomass production. However, there is a little investigation in morphological and anatomical adaptation in different fast-growing tree species. The present study, therefore, studied how morphology and anatomy vary between two fast-growing coppices of Populus nigra L. (black poplar) and Salix alba L. (white willow). Each coppiced tree was grown in a similar habitat and was at a similar age. However, each coppiced tree showed different morphological and anatomical plasticity in their stems in response to environmental factors. Poplar coppices showed better anatomical properties due to greater vessel diameter, fibre length, fibre width, fibre wall thickness, and ray height; however willow coppices had better morphological plasticity which had higher average stem height and ring width. The results suggest that willow coppices had the greater height growth potential even at 2 years of age than poplar coppices.

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Modelling of wood density and fibre dimensions in mature Norway spruce

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-296 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1373-1389 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dag Molteberg ◽

Olav Høibø

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Basic Density ◽

Ring Width ◽

Tree Height ◽

Site Index ◽

Residual Variance ◽

Fibre Width ◽

Width Measurements

Basic density (BD), fibre length (FL), fibre width (FW), and fibre wall thickness (FWT) were investigated in 46 Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees from five different stands in eastern Norway. From each tree, wood samples were collected in different radial and longitudinal positions. Random coefficient mixed models were used to investigate variation within as well as among trees, both within and among stands. The R2 with random effects included, describing the best possible (individual) fit of the observed data to the models, were 0.90 for BD, 0.99 for FL, 0.88 for FW, and 0.91 for FWT. With only fixed effects, the best model explained 56% of the total variation for BD, 94.5% for FL, 61% for FW, and 63% for FWT. A common model for all trees, without tree and site information, predicted FL well but BD, FW, and FWT poorly. Adding site index, breast height diameter, and tree height to the models reduced the residual variance considerably for FW, FWT, and particularly BD, whereas only a minor improvement was gained for FL. The latter type of models might be easier to use for industrial purposes. Although information about ring width gave further improvements, ring width measurements are time consuming and difficult to perform in the forest and in industrial environments.

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Characterization of packaging grade papers from recycled raw materials through the study of fibre morphology and composition

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000384 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20-28

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Technical Problem ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Recycled Paper ◽

Corrugated Board ◽

Fibre Composition ◽

Fibre Width ◽

Packaging Industry ◽

Fibre Morphology

The restrictions in availability of forest-based raw materials along with favourable environmental policies towards alternative sources of raw materials have forced corrugated packaging industry to shift towards recycled paper and other fibre sources such as non-wood and agro-residues. The variability in raw pulp materials with increasing percentages of recycled fibres is a very common technical problem for the corrugated packaging industry worldwide. Corrugating packaging production is facing the challenge to ensure a satisfactory strength of packages despite the increase of recycled paper as the main fibrous component. Sustainable manufacturing of papers of consistent and acceptable quality requests comprehensive characterization of the fibrous components, which are becoming more heterogeneous. Understanding the influence that heterogeneous recycled raw materials have on packaging grade paper properties offers great potential value to the corrugated board and packaging industry. 57 linerboards and corrugating medium were selected to represent all the variety of paper grades available on the market at the moment for the production of corrugated board in Spain. The papers were analyzed for their fibre morphology (fibre length, fibre width, lumen diameter, cell wall width and flexibility) and fibre composition (softwood to hardwood and nonwood fibre count and weight) and their strength (compression, bursting and crushing resistance) was evaluated. All the determinations were in accordance with the relevant TAPPI Test Methods. The significant differences found in most of the anatomical characteristics, fibre composition and strength properties among the paper grades reflected the diverse raw materials used for their production as well as their qualitative differences. By means of simple correlation the influence of fibre characteristics and composition on the strength of the papers was determined under two different conditions, at 23 oC and 50% RH and at 20 oC and 90% RH. The results demonstrate that besides the physical-mechanical characterization of packaging grade papers, fibre anatomy and composition can be used successfully as a complementary practical test to predict the performance of papers. The application of the predicting correlations is proposed for the evaluation of the fibre supplies for the packaging industry. An enormous potential for cost reduction can be created by the selection of the most appropriate and inexpensive combination of grade papers for a specific packaging use.

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Zuwachs und Klimasensitivität von Baumarten im Ökogramm der kollinen und submontanen Stufe

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2015.0380 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 166 (6) ◽

pp. 380-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pascale Weber ◽

Caroline Heiri ◽

Mathieu Lévesque ◽

Tanja Sanders ◽

Volodymyr Trotsiuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Climate Sensitivity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Ring Width ◽

Basal Area ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Basal Area Increment ◽

Tree Ring Data ◽

Mean Sensitivity

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.

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Climate sensitivity of wood-anatomical features in a ring-porous oak (Quercusmacrocarpa)

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-100 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 639-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

D. W. Woodcock

Keyword(s):

Climate Sensitivity ◽

Ring Width ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Late Wood ◽

Precipitation Characteristics ◽

Bur Oak ◽

Anatomical Characters

Anatomical characters of the early- and late-wood of individuals of a ring-porous oak (bur oak, Quercusmacrocarpa Michx.) growing in southeastern Nebraska display sensitivity to yearly variations in precipitation. Characteristics of the latewood increment (latewood vessel diameter and density) are closely related to ring width, with vessel diameter varying directly and vessel density varying inversely with ring width. Various analyses indicate that ring width appears to be a less direct climatic indicator than latewood vessel diameter in these trees. A regression equation incorporating latewood vessel diameter is used successfully to reconstruct precipitation over a 9-month period (October–June).

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ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND VARIABILITY OF THE THISTLE CYNARA CARDUNCULUS IN VIEW OF PULPING POTENTIAL

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000362 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 217-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Teresa Quilhó ◽

Jorge Gominho ◽

Helena Pereira

Keyword(s):

Wall Thickness ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Vessel Element ◽

Slight Variation ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Cynara Cardunculus ◽

Fibrous Sheath ◽

Fibre Wall ◽

Fibre Width

The thistle Cynara cardunculus L. is an herbaceous perennial with high productivity that is harvested annually and is a potential fibre crop for paper pulp production. The anatomical variation within stalks was studied (base, middle and top) and compared in C. cardunculus plants at different development phases. The stalk of C. cardunculus includes an epidermis, cortex and a central cylinder with fibro-vascular bundles with phloem, xylem and a fibrous sheath that is variable in arrangement and size within and between plants.At harvest, the pith represents 37% of the stalk transectional area and 7% of the total weight. There was a slight variation in quantitative features of, respectively, the three development groups studied; mean fibre length was 1.04 mm, 0.95 mm and 1.05 mm; mean fibre width was 15 μm, 16 μm and 21 μm; mean fibre wall thickness was 3.2 μm, 3.4 μm and 4.9 μm. Fibre length and width decreased within the stem from base to top, while fibre wall thickness increased. Mean vessel diameter was 22 μm and mean vessel element length 220–483 μm. In mature plants, parenchyma represents 39% of the total transectional area and fibres 25%. The proportion of fibres increases during plant development and in mature plants is highest at the stalk base.As regards anatomical features, Cynara stalks compare favourably to other annual plants and fibre biometry indicates good potential for paper sheet forming and strength properties.

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Survie des semis de ligneux pionniers dans les lits fluviaux : approche in et ex situ des facteurs de contrôle abiotiques et biologiques des espèces Populus nigra et Salix alba

Géomorphologie relief processus environnement ◽

10.4000/geomorphologie.11789 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 233-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Coraline Lise Wintenberger ◽

Stéphane Rodrigues ◽

Philippe Jugé ◽

Marc Villar

Keyword(s):

Populus Nigra ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Salix Alba

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Forty-five-year monitoring of selection stands of white (Populus alba L.), gray (Populus canescens Sm.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and willow (Salix alba L.) in Khoper State Natural Reserve

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/226/1/012068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 226 ◽

pp. 012068

Author(s):

A Sivolapov ◽

T Blagodarova ◽

V Sivolapov

Keyword(s):

Populus Nigra ◽

Populus Alba ◽

Salix Alba ◽

Black Poplar ◽

Natural Reserve

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Between- and Within-Tree Variation in the Anatomy and Specific Gravity of Wood in Oregon White Oak (Quercus Garryana Dougl.)

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000642 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 445-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Hua Lei ◽

Michael R. Milota ◽

Barbara L. Gartner

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Coast Range ◽

Quercus Garryana ◽

White Oak ◽

Earlywood Vessel ◽

Oregon White Oak

In order to analyze the variation in wood properties within and between trees of an underutilized tree species, we sampled six Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.) trees from an 80-year old mixed stand of Q. garryana and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Coast Range of Western Oregon, USA. Fibre length, earlywood vessel diameter, tissue proportions, and specific gravity were measured on samples across the diameter at two heights. Trees had a slight lean (2-12°), so we sampled separately both radii of a diametric strip that ran from the lower to upper side of lean.

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