scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation results of new plum cultivars in a dense planting

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Pištěková
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Tree Vigour

Sixteen new plum cultivars mostly bred in Germany were tested together with several standards in a high density experimental orchard established at Holovousy in the spring of 2004 with spacing 5 × 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles on St. Julian A rootstock. In the orchard the following characteristics were evaluated: tree vigour based upon measuring of trunk-cross section area and canopy volume, yields, time of flowering, time of fruit ripening and basic parameters of fruit quality. The highest yields and precocity of fruiting were recorded on cultivars Tophit, Jojo, Elena, and President, whereas the least productive were Ruth Gerstetter, Anna Späth, and Topgigant Plus. Cultivars Katinka, Jojo, Topper, and Empress had the highest values of yield efficiency whilst the lowest ones were recorded on Topgigant Plus and Anna Späth. All evaluated cultivars were characterized by mean start of fruit ripening and length of harvest period. Topgigant Plus had the largest fruits (mean 75.9 g) followed by Bluefre, Empress and Tophit, whereas the smallest ones were recorded in Katinka, Gabrovská and Valjevka. The highest scores for fruit quality were given to Hanita, Tophit and Presenta. New cultivar Tophit was the most remarkable regarding all evaluated characteristics including its time of ripening that would prolong the season of commercially grown fresh fruit cultivars for use in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Pištěková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Tree Vigour

Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 &times; 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study.

scholarly journals Cultivar and rootstock response to drip irrigation in sweet cherry tree vigour and start of bearing during the first three years after planting

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažková ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Gisela 5

Fifteen sweet cherry cultivars and three rootstocks were evaluated within three years in two experimental orchards established in the same location in the autumn 2004. In one of them drip irrigation was applied in the periods of insufficient rainfall, i.e. from mid-April to mid-August. This irrigation distinctly increased the vigour of trees that was jointly expressed by trunk-cross-section area, total length of shoots and canopy volume. An increase of tree vigour was the greatest in trees on Mazzard, medium on P-HL-C and the lowest on Gisela 5 rootstocks. The trees on P-HL-C that grew without irrigation similarly as the trees on Gisela 5 grew significantly more vigorously when irrigation was applied. Considerable differences in the response to irrigation were also found among cultivars; it increased the vigour of Halka, Sylvana, Aranka and Burlat more distinctly, whereas the least response to irrigation was recorded in the Horka, Jacinta and Justyna cultivars. The vigour of Regina, Tim and Vanda cultivars grown on P-HL-C rootstock was more extensively increased by irrigation than if they grew on Gisela 5. Flower and fruit sets of irrigated trees were with a few exceptions significantly lower than those of trees without irrigation. Tamara, Sandra and Regina were the most vigorous cultivars in this study, whereas Tim and Skeena had the weakest tree growth. Practical aspects of these findings are briefly discussed.

Effects of postharvest topping, autumn cincturing, and paclobutrazol on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
T Rassmussen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Combinations of 3 methods of controlling tree size (use of the growth retardant paclobutrazol, postharvest topping, and autumn cincturing) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia. Compared with controls over 3 seasons, paclobutrazol used alone reduced tree size by 34-52%, with further reductions when combined with light and severe postharvest topping (by 5-25 and 58-71%, respectively). Yield efficiency (as measured by yield per unit canopy volume) was significantly improved by paclobutrazol and was doubled when paclobutrazol was combined with severe postharvest topping. Although this combination reduced time associated with pruning, thinning, and harvesting, it had the disadvantage of delaying flowering and, consequently, fruit maturity in the subsequent harvest season. Light postharvest topping and autumn cincturing used with paclobutrazol had little effect on yield efficiency, fruit quality, or harvest period. The seasonal pattern of starch reserves for twigs was similar for all treatments, with starch levels falling to a minimum during the early harvest period. Measurements of starch in the major tree organs showed that at very low harvest increments (<10) there was little or no depletion of starch from the twigs and leaves, but as harvest increments increased (range 10-40), there was increasing starch depletion, in order of priority, from the roots, trunks, and limbs.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Aspects influencing the rootstock – scion performance during long term evaluation in pear orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mészáros ◽  
Luděk Laňar ◽  
Josef Kosina ◽  
Jan Náměstek
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Growth Vigor

During 1999–2016, the performance of ‘Red Bartlett’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Beurré Alexander Lucas’ grafted on four pear (Pyrus) rootstocks OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and on quince (Cydonia) rootstock BA 29 was evaluated at the RBIP Holovousy Ltd. For each combination, trunk cross-section area, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and mean fruit weight were assessed. The growth vigour of the scion cultivars on OH × F rootstocks was similar or slightly higher comparing to the growth on BA 29. Throughout the years, the growth vigor and productivity of the rootstock combinations may change. Less vigorous combinations of rootstock/scion were linked with higher yields in young trees, but usually with just moderate yields in later seasons. By contrast, combinations with higher growth vigour had usually higher yields in the later seasons. This balance is genotype specific, where aside of rootstock an important role is played by the scion cultivar vigour. The bearing precocity may be influenced by the cultivar as well. The results can vary with different climatic conditions and orchard management.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of some dwarf apple rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Good Productivity

Dwarf apple rootstocks M 9, M 27, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, Jork 9, J-TE-E, J-TE-F, J-TE-G and J-OH-A were evaluated in a trial conducted in an experimental orchard with cultivars Golden Delicious, Gloster and Melrose. The experimental plantation was established in 1990. Data on: yield (kg/tree), yield efficiency (kg/cm2), trunk cross-section area and suckering were recorded during the period 1991&ndash;2000. The cumulative yield per tree was highest on Jork 9 and Pajam 2. Trees on Pajam 1 and M 9 also had good productivity. Yield efficiency was highest on Jork 9, followed by M 27 and J-TE-G. Trees on Pajam 2 were most vigorous. The tree size on M 9 was similar like on Pajam 1. Trees on J-TE-E and J-TE-F grew less than those on M 9. The weakest growth was observed on rootstocks M 27 and J-TE-G. Among the tested rootstocks, J-OH-A produced the highest number of suckers. Suckering was more intensive with Melrose followed by Gloster and Golden Delicious.

scholarly journals Orchard performance of two plum cultivars on some clonal rootstocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

A plum rootstock trial with Stanley and Cacanska najbolja cvs. was established in spring 1992. The following rootstocks were assessed: MY-BO-1, Myrobalan SE 4043 (both Prunus cerasifera), MY-KL-A (P. cerasifera &times; P. cerasifera var. atropurpurea), Marunke SE 4034 (Ackerman), St. Julien A, Brompton, GF 655/2, GF 1869, GF 1380, GF 43, Damascena SE 4045, Pixy and Myrobalan seedling. Yields, trunk cross-section area, number of suckers and mean fruit weights were evaluated in the orchard in 1993&ndash;2003. There were statistically significant differences in trunk cross-section area, yield and yield efficiency between the tested rootstocks. Trees of Stanley were the most vigorous on MY-KL-A, followed by GF 43, GF 1380 and Myrobalan seedling. The weakest growth was recorded on trees grafted on Pixy, then on GF 655/2 and MY-BO-1. With Cacanska najbolja the growth was the strongest on GF 43, followed by Myrobalan seedling, MY-KL-A and Myrobalan SE 4043. The most compact trees were on Pixy and then on GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. The total accumulated yield per tree was the highest with Stanley on MY-KL-A, followed by Brompton and St. Julien A. The cultivar Cacanska najbolja was most productive on Myrobalan SE 4043 and also on St. Julien A. The yield efficiency with both cultivars was the highest on GF 655/2, and the lowest one on GF 1380 (Stanley) or on Myrobalan seedling (Cacanska najbolja). No statistically significant differences between the tested rootstocks were found in fruit size. Suckers were the most prolific on GF 1869, followed by GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. Based on the hitherto experience, the best rootstocks for Stanley seem to be MY-KL-A and MY-BO-1 and for Cacanska najbolja Myrobalan SE 4043 and St. Julien A. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Estimation Of Productive Value Of Czech Origin Scab-Resistant Apple Cultivars On Different Rootstocks

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Sosna
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Apple Cultivars

AbstractApple cultivars resistant to scab are suitable for the conventional and organic cultivation. Rootstocks impact on the growth of trees, yield and fruit quality of scab-resistant cultivars were examined in the experiment conducted at Fruit Experimental Station - Samotwór near Wrocław, during the years 1998-2008. In the spring of 1998, the trees of five Czech origin scab-resistant apple cultivars ‘Rosana’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Rajka’, ‘Goldstar’ and ‘Topaz’ each on M.9, P2, P60, P16 and P22 rootstocks were planted at a spacing of 3.5 × 1.2 m (2380 trees per hectare). The results of 11-year-long studies showed that ‘Rubinola’ and ‘Rajka’ were characterised by the strongest vigour, while ‘Rosana’ grew much weaker. Significant differences in the cumulative yield were not observed between cultivars, but rootstocks influenced cropping instantly. Trees on rootstock P60 had biggest cross-section area and canopy volume, and the highest cumulative yield. Fruit weight was highest from trees on M9 and P60. ‘Topaz’ and ‘Rosana’ formed significantly lightest fruits and ‘Goldstar’ the heaviest. Trees on the super-dwarfing P22 rootstock grew and yielded very weakly and produced very small fruits. The greatest susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) was observed in ‘Topaz’ and ‘Rajka’. ‘Rubinola’ has the best potential for organic cultivation, especially on dwarfing rootstocks.

scholarly journals Orchard performance and fruit quality of 50 apple cultivars grown or tested in commercial orchards of the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Hlušičková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Good Productivity

Tree vigour, occurrence of mildew and scab, yields, yield efficiency, fruit weight, flesh firmness and soluble solids content of apple trees on M 9 rootstock were monitored between 1998–2005 in 42 commercial orchards situated in all the major growing regions of the Czech Republic. Altogether 50 cultivars were included into the evaluation. The characteristics of newly bred or newly introduced cultivars were compared to the cultivars of standard assortment such as Gloster, Golden Delicious, Idared, Jonagold, Melrose, Rubín and Šampion. The group of late ripening cultivars imported from France (Baujade, Early Smith, Granny Smith and Red Winter) proved to be unsuitable for climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. Cultivars of the Rubín group (Bohemia, Gold Bohemia) showed a better quality of fruits than the cultivars of the Jonagold group, but were significantly inferior regarding yields and yield efficiency. The cultivars Rucla, Pinova and Rubinstep seemed to be potential competitors of Jonagold or Rubín; their fruit quality is similar to Rubín, and their yield efficiency is comparable to that of Jonagold. Topaz, which is resistant to scab and has recently spread in the Czech Republic, is specific for its early yield and a very good productivity observed in a majority of the orchards. In addition, characteristics of other evaluated cultivars and their potential prospects for growing in the Czech Republic are briefly discussed.

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