scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Training Systems on the Beginning of Domestic Plum Production and Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Ilze Grāvīte ◽  
Edīte Kaufmane ◽  
Laila Ikase ◽  
Edgars Cirša
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Fruit Growing

Abstract All growers prefer to obtain a first harvest as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to identify an effective tree training system for new Latvian plum cultivars, which provides the highest yield and fruit quality. The trial was established in 2012 at the Institute of Horticulture (formerly Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing) and included cultivars ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, and ‘Sonora’; and the controls ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jubileum’. Planting distances were 4 × 2.5 m, and the rootstock was Prunus cerasifera. Tree training was done using four systems: two systems with branch bending (Heka espalier and spindle); and two systems without bending (standard (round) and flat crown). Evaluation of average fruit weight and yield per trunk cross section area (TCSA) was done from 2015 to 2017. The Heka espalier and spindle systems had first yield in 2015, but systems without bending had first yield only in 2016. Average yield per TCSA was significantly higher for the Heka espalier system (0.49 kg·cm−2) than for the spindle system (0.24 kg·cm−2), standard crown system (0.17 kg·cm−2), and flat crown system (0.30 kg·cm−2). Cultivar ‘Victoria’ had the highest yield among all systems. Average fruit size showed the same results: the biggest fruits were obtained with the Heka espalier system, and the smallest for systems without bending in the standard crown.

scholarly journals Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Pištěková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Tree Vigour

Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 &times; 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study.

scholarly journals Aspects influencing the rootstock – scion performance during long term evaluation in pear orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Mészáros ◽  
Luděk Laňar ◽  
Josef Kosina ◽  
Jan Náměstek
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Pear Orchard ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Growth Vigor

During 1999–2016, the performance of ‘Red Bartlett’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Beurré Alexander Lucas’ grafted on four pear (Pyrus) rootstocks OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and on quince (Cydonia) rootstock BA 29 was evaluated at the RBIP Holovousy Ltd. For each combination, trunk cross-section area, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and mean fruit weight were assessed. The growth vigour of the scion cultivars on OH × F rootstocks was similar or slightly higher comparing to the growth on BA 29. Throughout the years, the growth vigor and productivity of the rootstock combinations may change. Less vigorous combinations of rootstock/scion were linked with higher yields in young trees, but usually with just moderate yields in later seasons. By contrast, combinations with higher growth vigour had usually higher yields in the later seasons. This balance is genotype specific, where aside of rootstock an important role is played by the scion cultivar vigour. The bearing precocity may be influenced by the cultivar as well. The results can vary with different climatic conditions and orchard management.  

scholarly journals Orchard performance of two plum cultivars on some clonal rootstocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

A plum rootstock trial with Stanley and Cacanska najbolja cvs. was established in spring 1992. The following rootstocks were assessed: MY-BO-1, Myrobalan SE 4043 (both Prunus cerasifera), MY-KL-A (P. cerasifera &times; P. cerasifera var. atropurpurea), Marunke SE 4034 (Ackerman), St. Julien A, Brompton, GF 655/2, GF 1869, GF 1380, GF 43, Damascena SE 4045, Pixy and Myrobalan seedling. Yields, trunk cross-section area, number of suckers and mean fruit weights were evaluated in the orchard in 1993&ndash;2003. There were statistically significant differences in trunk cross-section area, yield and yield efficiency between the tested rootstocks. Trees of Stanley were the most vigorous on MY-KL-A, followed by GF 43, GF 1380 and Myrobalan seedling. The weakest growth was recorded on trees grafted on Pixy, then on GF 655/2 and MY-BO-1. With Cacanska najbolja the growth was the strongest on GF 43, followed by Myrobalan seedling, MY-KL-A and Myrobalan SE 4043. The most compact trees were on Pixy and then on GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. The total accumulated yield per tree was the highest with Stanley on MY-KL-A, followed by Brompton and St. Julien A. The cultivar Cacanska najbolja was most productive on Myrobalan SE 4043 and also on St. Julien A. The yield efficiency with both cultivars was the highest on GF 655/2, and the lowest one on GF 1380 (Stanley) or on Myrobalan seedling (Cacanska najbolja). No statistically significant differences between the tested rootstocks were found in fruit size. Suckers were the most prolific on GF 1869, followed by GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. Based on the hitherto experience, the best rootstocks for Stanley seem to be MY-KL-A and MY-BO-1 and for Cacanska najbolja Myrobalan SE 4043 and St. Julien A. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Texture and Other Quality Attributes in Olives and Leaf Characteristics after Preharvest Calcium Chloride Sprays

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1852-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsantili ◽  
Miltiadis V. Christopoulos ◽  
Constantinos A. Pontikis ◽  
Pantousis Kaltsikes ◽  
Chariklia Kallianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of three preharvest sprays with water or 58.5 mm calcium chloride (CaCl2) on texture and other quality attributes was investigated in ‘Konservolia’ olives harvested at the black-ripe stage and measured after 1 and 15 days of storage in air at 10 °C with 85% relative humidity. Effects on fruit calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations during the period of spray applications were also studied. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate in leaves were measured on the day of final fruit harvest. No foliar or fruit toxicity was observed. In leaves, Ca sprays increased Mg but did not affect Ca and chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rate. In fruits, Ca sprays prevented the gradual decrease in Ca concentration that occurred in untreated fruits and maintained Mg at constant levels during ripening on the tree but did not affect fruit size and oil content as measured 1 day after storage. Ca-treated fruits were firmer with lower soluble pectin (SP) concentration and higher calcium pectate (CaP) than controls in both storage days, whereas the protopectin levels were similar in all fruits. Results showed positive linear correlation between Ca concentration and either firmness or CaP, whereas that between Ca and SP was negative as found in fruits stored for 1 day. Fruit production rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene, L* and chroma (C*) of peel, and hue angle (h°) of flesh were unaffected either by Ca treatment or storage time. Ca treatment did not affect fruit weight loss, the decreases in peel h° and flesh L*, but increased flesh C* during storage. The results indicate positive effects of preharvest calcium sprays on olive firmness without any negative effect on fruits or leaves.

Phenotypic variability and agronomic traits of açaí tree matrices in the state of Pará, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Rosemiro Dos Santos Galate ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Tiago Kesajiro Moraes Yakuwa ◽  
Deivison Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Merilene Do Socorro Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm tree from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. It is considered an economically viable source of anthocyanins for the dye and medicine industries. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability and to select genotypes for genetic improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate phenotypic variability. Truncated selection was performed for fruit production per bunch. The collected samples presented the highest fruit yield per cluster of all studied region. Number of fruits per cluster and stem circumference are possibly controlled by few genes. longitudinal fruit diameter may have recessive genes that are decreasing fruit size. Fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, number of stem per plant, total cluster length, fruit weight per cluster and pulp yield per fruit presented frequency distribution in favor of heterozygotes. There some characteristics controlled by few genes, with evidence of selection and spontaneous domestication of the matrices.

scholarly journals Performance of New Marianna Rootstocks in California for `French' Prune

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Southwick ◽  
James T. Yeager ◽  
Joseph Osgood ◽  
Richard Buchner ◽  
William Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Leaf N

Ten new marianna root-stocks [Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. × P. munsoniana Wight & Hedr.(?)] derived from open pollination of `Marianna 2616' (M series) were planted in 1987 and evaluated at four commercial orchard locations in California (Tehama, Butte, Sutter, and Merced counties) with `Improved French' prune (P. domestica L.) as the scion. These rootstocks were compared to three standard rootstocks: `Marianna 2624', myrobalan seedling (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and `Myrobalan 29C'. Leaf potassium (K) and nitrogen (N), tree growth, fruit production and fruit quality were measured. Selection M40 in particular had high leaf N, high leaf K (equal to `Marianna 2624' and better than the myrobalan standards), higher yield efficiency per tree, fruit size, drying characteristics, and few root suckers when compared to the three standard rootstocks. M40 is being considered for patent and release by the Pomology Department at the University of California, Davis. Selection M58 had the highest yield efficiency of any tested rootstock. Several selections had characteristics that would make expanded planting worth considering.

scholarly journals 248 Influence of Early Rowcover Removal and Supported Rowcovers on Yield, Earliness, and Fruit Size of Strawberries Grown under Plasticulture

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433F-434
Author(s):  
Peter Nitzsche ◽  
Joseph Fiola
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Frost ◽  
Early Production

Growers in Northern New Jersey are slowly adopting strawberry plasticulture as an improved production system. One advantage of the system is early fruit production. Early fruit usually brings high prices in the marketplace. With early production, however, there is an increased risk of a late frost damaging flowers and fruit. Removing floating rowcover winter protection earlier than flowering may cause strawberries to bloom later, reducing the risk of frost damage. Supporting the rowcovers above the crop with wire hoops may also provide better winter protection and improve fruit production. In 2 years of field trials, removing floating rowcovers 2 weeks before anticipated bloom reduced early yield and delayed the first harvest by 2 to 3 days. Total marketable yield and average fruit weight were not significantly influenced by early removal. Plants with rowcovers supported with wire hoops did not produce significantly greater total yields or average fruit weights than plants protected by unsupported rowcovers. The wire hoops caused damage to the rowcovers, which may make their use in commercial production impractical.

scholarly journals Effects of Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) population densities on Golden Delicious apple production

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Sauro Simoni ◽  
Gino Angeli ◽  
Mario Baldessari ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

Field trials were carried out in order to evaluate the seasonal abundance and the impact on yields of the Apple Rust Mite (ARM) Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in an experimental fruit orchard located in northern Italy (Trentino region). The effect of ARM on yield and market quality parameters were assessed on Golden Delicious apple fruits. Fruit size, fruit weight, round colour hue, presence of russet as well as inside quality, i.e. soluble solids, acidity and Perlim index, were evaluated over two seasons considering three population levels of ARM that were determined applying different pesticide strategies. Effects of rust mites on return bloom and yield efficiency were also evaluated. ARM seasonal abundance showed a peak in mid-summer. Relationships between ARM and predatory mites were weak. Moderate to high ARM densities affected fruits size, fruit weight, and round colour hue of Golden Delicious fruits. In contrast, ARM populations did not affect russet on fruits, return bloom and yield efficiency. Additional studies were conducted in the laboratory, on detached Golden Delicious apple leaves, to evaluate the potential for population increase at temperatures close to those recorded in field conditions. These studies evidenced a high potential for population increase.

scholarly journals Flower Position and Size Impact Ovule Number per Flower, Fruitset, and Fruit Size in Pomegranate

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein ◽  
Weiguang Yi ◽  
Justin A. Porter ◽  
Nadav Ravid
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Flower Type ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Flower Quality

Pomegranate trees (Punica granatum) produce large numbers of both hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers that produce fruit and functionally male flowers that characteristically abort. Excessive production of male flowers can result in decreased yields resulting from their inability to set fruit. Within hermaphroditic flowers, sex expression appears to follow a spectrum ranging from those exhibiting strong to weak pistil development. Unknown is the scope that flower quality plays in influencing fruit production. A description of floral characteristics and how they vary with flowers of different sizes and positions is lacking in pomegranate and was the focus of this study. Furthermore, the effects of flower size and position on fruit set and fruit size were evaluated. This study documents that flower size characteristics and ovule development can be quite variable and are related to flower type and position. Single and terminal flowers within a cluster were larger than lateral flowers. In addition, lateral flowers exhibited a high frequency of flowers with poor ovule development sufficient to negatively impact fruiting in that flower type. Ovule numbers per flower were significantly influenced by flower size with more ovules in larger flowers. Pollination studies verified significantly higher fruit set and fruit weight, and larger commercial size distributions were obtained with larger vs. smaller flowers. Thus, flower quality is an important issue in pomegranate. Cultural and environmental factors that influence flower size and vigor may have a direct consequence on fruit production and yield.

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