scholarly journals Orchard performance of two plum cultivars on some clonal rootstocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

A plum rootstock trial with Stanley and Cacanska najbolja cvs. was established in spring 1992. The following rootstocks were assessed: MY-BO-1, Myrobalan SE 4043 (both Prunus cerasifera), MY-KL-A (P. cerasifera × P. cerasifera var. atropurpurea), Marunke SE 4034 (Ackerman), St. Julien A, Brompton, GF 655/2, GF 1869, GF 1380, GF 43, Damascena SE 4045, Pixy and Myrobalan seedling. Yields, trunk cross-section area, number of suckers and mean fruit weights were evaluated in the orchard in 1993–2003. There were statistically significant differences in trunk cross-section area, yield and yield efficiency between the tested rootstocks. Trees of Stanley were the most vigorous on MY-KL-A, followed by GF 43, GF 1380 and Myrobalan seedling. The weakest growth was recorded on trees grafted on Pixy, then on GF 655/2 and MY-BO-1. With Cacanska najbolja the growth was the strongest on GF 43, followed by Myrobalan seedling, MY-KL-A and Myrobalan SE 4043. The most compact trees were on Pixy and then on GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. The total accumulated yield per tree was the highest with Stanley on MY-KL-A, followed by Brompton and St. Julien A. The cultivar Cacanska najbolja was most productive on Myrobalan SE 4043 and also on St. Julien A. The yield efficiency with both cultivars was the highest on GF 655/2, and the lowest one on GF 1380 (Stanley) or on Myrobalan seedling (Cacanska najbolja). No statistically significant differences between the tested rootstocks were found in fruit size. Suckers were the most prolific on GF 1869, followed by GF 655/2 and Marunke SE 4034. Based on the hitherto experience, the best rootstocks for Stanley seem to be MY-KL-A and MY-BO-1 and for Cacanska najbolja Myrobalan SE 4043 and St. Julien A.    

scholarly journals Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek ◽  
I. Pištěková
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Tree Vigour

Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 &times; 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Training Systems on the Beginning of Domestic Plum Production and Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Ilze Grāvīte ◽  
Edīte Kaufmane ◽  
Laila Ikase ◽  
Edgars Cirša
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Training System ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Fruit Growing

Abstract All growers prefer to obtain a first harvest as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to identify an effective tree training system for new Latvian plum cultivars, which provides the highest yield and fruit quality. The trial was established in 2012 at the Institute of Horticulture (formerly Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing) and included cultivars ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, and ‘Sonora’; and the controls ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jubileum’. Planting distances were 4 × 2.5 m, and the rootstock was Prunus cerasifera. Tree training was done using four systems: two systems with branch bending (Heka espalier and spindle); and two systems without bending (standard (round) and flat crown). Evaluation of average fruit weight and yield per trunk cross section area (TCSA) was done from 2015 to 2017. The Heka espalier and spindle systems had first yield in 2015, but systems without bending had first yield only in 2016. Average yield per TCSA was significantly higher for the Heka espalier system (0.49 kg·cm−2) than for the spindle system (0.24 kg·cm−2), standard crown system (0.17 kg·cm−2), and flat crown system (0.30 kg·cm−2). Cultivar ‘Victoria’ had the highest yield among all systems. Average fruit size showed the same results: the biggest fruits were obtained with the Heka espalier system, and the smallest for systems without bending in the standard crown.

scholarly journals Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8651
Author(s):  
Vučeta Jaćimović ◽  
Djina Božović ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Borut Bosančić ◽  
Tomas Necas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some dwarf apple rootstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kosina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Good Productivity

Dwarf apple rootstocks M 9, M 27, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, Jork 9, J-TE-E, J-TE-F, J-TE-G and J-OH-A were evaluated in a trial conducted in an experimental orchard with cultivars Golden Delicious, Gloster and Melrose. The experimental plantation was established in 1990. Data on: yield (kg/tree), yield efficiency (kg/cm2), trunk cross-section area and suckering were recorded during the period 1991&ndash;2000. The cumulative yield per tree was highest on Jork 9 and Pajam 2. Trees on Pajam 1 and M 9 also had good productivity. Yield efficiency was highest on Jork 9, followed by M 27 and J-TE-G. Trees on Pajam 2 were most vigorous. The tree size on M 9 was similar like on Pajam 1. Trees on J-TE-E and J-TE-F grew less than those on M 9. The weakest growth was observed on rootstocks M 27 and J-TE-G. Among the tested rootstocks, J-OH-A produced the highest number of suckers. Suckering was more intensive with Melrose followed by Gloster and Golden Delicious.

Thermoacoustic Shape Optimization of a Subsonic Nozzle

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Giauque ◽  
Maxime Huet ◽  
Franck Clero ◽  
Sébastien Ducruix ◽  
Franck Richecoeur
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Combustion Noise ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Nozzle Flows ◽  
Subsonic Nozzle

Indirect combustion noise originates from the acceleration of nonuniform temperature or high vorticity regions when convected through a nozzle or a turbine. In a recent contribution (Giauque et al., 2012, “Analytical Analysis of Indirect Combustion Noise in Subcritical Nozzles,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbies Power, 134(11), p. 111202) the authors have presented an analytical thermoacoustic model providing the indirect combustion noise generated by a subcritical nozzle when forced with entropy waves. This model explicitly takes into account the effect of the local changes in the cross-section area along the configuration of interest. In this article, the authors introduce this model into an optimization procedure in order to minimize or maximize the thermoacoustic noise emitted by arbitrarily shaped nozzles operating under subsonic conditions. Each component of the complete algorithm is described in detail. The evolution of the cross-section changes are introduced using Bezier's splines, which provide the necessary freedom to actually achieve arbitrary shapes. Bezier's polar coordinates constitute the parameters defining the geometry of a given individual nozzle. Starting from a population of nozzles of random shapes, it is shown that a specifically designed genetic optimization algorithm coupled with the analytical model converges at will toward a quieter or noisier population. As already described by Bloy (Bloy, 1979, “The Pressure Waves Produced by the Convection of Temperature Disturbances in High Subsonic Nozzle Flows,” J. Fluid Mech., 94(3), pp. 465–475), the results therefore confirm the significant dependence of the indirect combustion noise with respect to the shape of the nozzle, even when the operating regime is kept constant. It appears that the quietest nozzle profile evolves almost linearly along its converging and diverging sections, leading to a square evolution of the cross-section area. Providing insight into the underlying physical reason leading to the difference in the noise emission between two extreme individuals, the integral value of the source term of the equation describing the behavior of the acoustic pressure of the nozzle is considered. It is shown that its evolution with the frequency can be related to the global acoustic emission. Strong evidence suggest that the noise emission increases as the source term in the converging and diverging parts less compensate each other. The main result of this article is the definition and proposition of an acoustic emission factor, which can be used as a surrogate to the complex determination of the exact acoustic levels in the nozzle for the thermoacoustic shape optimization of nozzle flows. This acoustic emission factor, which is much faster to compute, only involves the knowledge of the evolution of the cross-section area and the inlet thermodynamic and velocity characteristics to be computed.

An Analytical Method of Analyzing the Heat Conduction for the Unequal Cross-Section Straight Fin

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Peng Yun Song
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The cross-section area of straight fin is often considered to be equal in the thermal analyses of straight fin, but sometimes it is unequalin actual situation. Taking a straight fin with two unequal cross-sectional areas as an example,an analytical method of heat conduction for unequal section straight fin is presented. The analytical expressions of temperature field and heat dissipating capacity about the fin,which has a smaller cross-section area near the fin base and a larger one, is obtained respectively. The calculation results of the unequal cross-section are fully consistent with the equal area one, so the method is proved right. The results show that the larger the cross section areanear the base,the better is the heat transfer, and the temperature at the base with larger cross-section area is lower than that with smaller cross-section area when the amount of heat is fixed.

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