Aspects influencing the rootstock – scion performance during long term evaluation in pear orchard

During 1999–2016, the performance of ‘Red Bartlett’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Beurré Alexander Lucas’ grafted on four pear (Pyrus) rootstocks OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and on quince (Cydonia) rootstock BA 29 was evaluated at the RBIP Holovousy Ltd. For each combination, trunk cross-section area, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and mean fruit weight were assessed. The growth vigour of the scion cultivars on OH × F rootstocks was similar or slightly higher comparing to the growth on BA 29. Throughout the years, the growth vigor and productivity of the rootstock combinations may change. Less vigorous combinations of rootstock/scion were linked with higher yields in young trees, but usually with just moderate yields in later seasons. By contrast, combinations with higher growth vigour had usually higher yields in the later seasons. This balance is genotype specific, where aside of rootstock an important role is played by the scion cultivar vigour. The bearing precocity may be influenced by the cultivar as well. The results can vary with different climatic conditions and orchard management.

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Long-term evaluation of rootstock effects on cropping and tree parameters of selected sweet cherry cultivars

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/39/2018-hortsci ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Jitka Blažková ◽

František Paprštein ◽

Lubor Zelený ◽

Adéla Skřivanová ◽

Pavol Suran

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Natural Tendency ◽

Term Evaluation ◽

The Mean ◽

Sweet Cherry Cultivars ◽

Tree Characteristics ◽

Gisela 5

The cropping of six sweet cherry cultivars that originated in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology at Holovousy, and a standard one, ‘Burlat’, were evaluated on three rootstocks in the period of 2007–2017. Trees planted in a spacing of 1.5 m × 5.0 m were trained as tall spindle axes utilising their natural tendency to develop a central leader. On the standard rootstock, P-TU-2, ‘Tim’ was the most productive with a mean total harvest of 47.6 kg per tree. ‘Sandra’ yielded the most on the PHLC rootstock with 56.2 kg per tree and ‘Helga’ yielded the most on Gisela 5 with a mean total harvest of 55.9 kg per tree. The mean impact of the rootstock on the tree vigour, measured upon the trunk cross section area, ranged from 148.4 cm2 on the standard rootstock P-TU-2 to 114.1 cm2 on the PHLC and 125.2 cm2 on Gisela 5 . On the standard rootstock P-TU-2, the most vigorous one according to this criterion was ‘Jacinta’ (178.0 cm2) whereas ‘Justyna’ (109.7 cm2) was the least vigorous. On the PHLC, the most vigorous was ‘Sandra’ (147.2 cm2) and the least was ‘Amid’ (94.0 cm2). The other tree characteristics were mainly dependant on the cultivar and minimally, or not at all, influenced by the rootstock vigour.

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Sustainable Cornelian Cherry Production in Montenegro: Importance of Local Genetic Resources

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8651

Author(s):

Vučeta Jaćimović ◽

Djina Božović ◽

Sezai Ercisli ◽

Borut Bosančić ◽

Tomas Necas

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cornelian Cherry ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Total Anthocyanins

Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four-year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

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POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME APRICOT VARIETIES GROWN IN THE NORTHEAST AREA OF ROMANIA

Current Trends in Natural Sciences ◽

10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i20.019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

Sorina Sîrbu ◽

Mădălina Iuliana Gherghel ◽

Elena Iurea ◽

Margareta Corneanu ◽

Simona Mihaela Chelaru

Keyword(s):

Fruit Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Eastern Area ◽

Section Area ◽

North Eastern ◽

Active Temperature

The aim of this paper was to evaluated of some apricot genotypes grown in the Romanian North Eastern area conditions. During 2016-2018 studies were done at seven apricot cultivars (‘Mamaia’, ‘Ovidiu’, ‘Fortuna’, ‘Amiral’, ‘Goldrich’, ‘Traian’ and ‘Dacia’) which were in the experimental plot at RSFG Iaşi, Romania. Number of days and sum of the active temperature from swelling buds (51 BBCH stage) to the beginning of blooming (61 BBCH stage), trunk section area of the tree and also fruit’s weight were evaluated. Fruit weight of ‘Dacia’ registered 89.3 g but at ‘Amiral’ were 75.3 g as average for three years, but statistically there were no significant differences from the average. Regarding the period from the swelling of buds to blooming, the shortest period was of 10 days for the ‘Dacia’ and ‘Traian’ and the longest period was 14 days for the ‘Ovidiu’. The sum of the active temperatures above the biological limit has varied according to the climatic conditions of the studied years from 103°C to the ’Dacia’ and ‘Traian’ to 136°C for the ‘Ovidiu’.

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THE RIVER TESHA HYDROLOGICAL REGIME ASSESSMENT IN THE ARZAMAS TOWN AREA WHEN JUSTIFYING PROJECT DECISIONS

Russian Journal of Water Transport ◽

10.37890/jwt.vi63.71 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-24

Author(s):

Alexander N. Sitnov ◽

Natalia V. Kochkurova

Keyword(s):

Hydrological Regime ◽

High Water ◽

Water Levels ◽

Flow Rates ◽

River Flooding ◽

Project Study ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Long Term Observation

The article gives an assessment of the hydrological regime on the River Tesha sector . The assessment was obtained during the pre-project study of the object and allows making project decisions on clearing the riverbed. The River Tesha Basin has been well studied in the past. However, there was no data based on long-term observation of the river's hydrological regime parameters in the area under consideration; hence, the authors performed calculations for data recovery by interpolation between existing hydrological posts, as well as for obtaining their representative series and determining their hydrological characteristics. Correlation between changes in flow rates and water levels in the river was found, as well as between the riverbed morphological parameters (depth, width, cross-section area) and its hydraulic characteristics (flow rate, flow rates). The completed assessment of the hydrological regime makes it possible to forecast river flooding at high water levels as well as flooding of the surrounding area, and to make project decisions thereafter, including the identification of flooding areas, the dump sites choice, these sites functioning period f that depends on when and for how long they will be flooded during the year.

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Influence of Different Training Systems on the Beginning of Domestic Plum Production and Yield

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/prolas-2019-0039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 244-251

Author(s):

Ilze Grāvīte ◽

Edīte Kaufmane ◽

Laila Ikase ◽

Edgars Cirša

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Training System ◽

State Institute ◽

Training Systems ◽

Prunus Cerasifera ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Two Systems ◽

Fruit Growing

Abstract All growers prefer to obtain a first harvest as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to identify an effective tree training system for new Latvian plum cultivars, which provides the highest yield and fruit quality. The trial was established in 2012 at the Institute of Horticulture (formerly Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing) and included cultivars ‘Ance’, ‘Adelyn’, and ‘Sonora’; and the controls ‘Victoria’ and ‘Jubileum’. Planting distances were 4 × 2.5 m, and the rootstock was Prunus cerasifera. Tree training was done using four systems: two systems with branch bending (Heka espalier and spindle); and two systems without bending (standard (round) and flat crown). Evaluation of average fruit weight and yield per trunk cross section area (TCSA) was done from 2015 to 2017. The Heka espalier and spindle systems had first yield in 2015, but systems without bending had first yield only in 2016. Average yield per TCSA was significantly higher for the Heka espalier system (0.49 kg·cm−2) than for the spindle system (0.24 kg·cm−2), standard crown system (0.17 kg·cm−2), and flat crown system (0.30 kg·cm−2). Cultivar ‘Victoria’ had the highest yield among all systems. Average fruit size showed the same results: the biggest fruits were obtained with the Heka espalier system, and the smallest for systems without bending in the standard crown.

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Preliminary evaluation results of new plum cultivars in a dense planting

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/3/2009-hortsci ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 45-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Blažek ◽

I. Pištěková

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Ripening ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Canopy Volume ◽

Basic Parameters ◽

Tree Vigour

Sixteen new plum cultivars mostly bred in Germany were tested together with several standards in a high density experimental orchard established at Holovousy in the spring of 2004 with spacing 5 × 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles on St. Julian A rootstock. In the orchard the following characteristics were evaluated: tree vigour based upon measuring of trunk-cross section area and canopy volume, yields, time of flowering, time of fruit ripening and basic parameters of fruit quality. The highest yields and precocity of fruiting were recorded on cultivars Tophit, Jojo, Elena, and President, whereas the least productive were Ruth Gerstetter, Anna Späth, and Topgigant Plus. Cultivars Katinka, Jojo, Topper, and Empress had the highest values of yield efficiency whilst the lowest ones were recorded on Topgigant Plus and Anna Späth. All evaluated cultivars were characterized by mean start of fruit ripening and length of harvest period. Topgigant Plus had the largest fruits (mean 75.9 g) followed by Bluefre, Empress and Tophit, whereas the smallest ones were recorded in Katinka, Gabrovská and Valjevka. The highest scores for fruit quality were given to Hanita, Tophit and Presenta. New cultivar Tophit was the most remarkable regarding all evaluated characteristics including its time of ripening that would prolong the season of commercially grown fresh fruit cultivars for use in the Czech Republic.

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Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/150/2011-hortsci ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 108-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Blažek ◽

I. Pištěková

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Performance Level ◽

Final Evaluation ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Tree Vigour

Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 × 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m3 of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study.

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Performance analysis of a solar still using an absorber plate with inclined perforated rectangular fins: Comprehensive study

Journal of Applied Research and Technology ◽

10.22201/icat.24486736e.2021.19.4.1107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 403-419

Author(s):

Wissam H. Alawee

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Solar Still ◽

Equilibrium Equations ◽

Solar Desalination ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

And Behavior ◽

Comprehensive Study

Solar desalination are one of the most promising ways to solve the problem of water shortage in the regions that are adjacent to the sea or saltwater bodies that have abundant solar radiation and lack of drinking water. The present research aimed to investigate an experimental and theoretical study to improve the thermal performance of conventional double-slope solar stills by using inclined perforated rectangular fins combined with the distilled basin. Two solar stills are manufactured, the first one is a conventional still, and the other is a finned still. Both stills have a (0.75 m2) cross-section area which is the same area of the distillation basin. Stills were examined during February, March, April, and May under the climatic conditions of Baghdad city in Iraq. The theoretical model relied on solving equilibrium equations of heat and mass with the help of the MATLAB program. The results showed that combining the inclined fins with the distillation basin improves productivity by (33.2%) compared to the conventional solar still. The average productivity of water between February and May is about (3.02-3.6 l/day) and (4.13-4.72 l/day) for the conventional and finned solar still, respectively. The theoretical model was validated using experimental results. The theoretical model predicted well the performance and behavior of the solar still with some deviations from the practical results.

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Evaluation of pear rootstocks in an orchard

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/3815-hortsci ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 56-58

Author(s):

J. Kosina

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Tree Size ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Growth Vigour ◽

Graft Incompatibility ◽

Crosssectional Area

This study was conducted in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy in order to test some new pear rootstocks under the conditions of the Czech Republic. In a rootstock trial planted in spring 1996 five clonal rootstocks (OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and standard Quince BA-29) were compared with Red Barttlet, Conference and Lucas as test cultivars. In comparison with Red Barttlet, the cumulative yield per tree from 1996 to 2002 was the highest on OH × F 69 and the lowest on OH × F 333. The yield efficiency (kg/cm2) was best on BA-29. The cultivar Conference had the highest total yield and yield efficiency on OH × F 87. The lowest yield was on OH × F 333. The cultivar Lucas was the most productive on OH × F 87. In the sixth year after planting no difference was observed in growth vigour (indicated by trunk crosssectional area) between OH × F clones with the cultivar Red Barttlet. The trees on BA-29 grew less. The tree size of Conference was largest for OH × F 230 and smallest for OH × F 333. The cultivar Lucas grew vigorously on OH × F 69. Small trees were observed on the rootstock OH × F 87. Fruit weight was higher on BA-29 than on OH × F rootstocks with all cultivars. The production of suckers proved to be small with all cultivars on all rootstocks. The anchorage of all trees was adequate. No graft incompatibility has been detected yet. The results were processed statistically.

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Evaluation of some dwarf apple rootstocks

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/4466-hortsci ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 23-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Kosina

Keyword(s):

Cross Section ◽

Tree Size ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Cumulative Yield ◽

Yield Efficiency ◽

Cross Section Area ◽

Section Area ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Good Productivity

Dwarf apple rootstocks M 9, M 27, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, Jork 9, J-TE-E, J-TE-F, J-TE-G and J-OH-A were evaluated in a trial conducted in an experimental orchard with cultivars Golden Delicious, Gloster and Melrose. The experimental plantation was established in 1990. Data on: yield (kg/tree), yield efficiency (kg/cm2), trunk cross-section area and suckering were recorded during the period 1991–2000. The cumulative yield per tree was highest on Jork 9 and Pajam 2. Trees on Pajam 1 and M 9 also had good productivity. Yield efficiency was highest on Jork 9, followed by M 27 and J-TE-G. Trees on Pajam 2 were most vigorous. The tree size on M 9 was similar like on Pajam 1. Trees on J-TE-E and J-TE-F grew less than those on M 9. The weakest growth was observed on rootstocks M 27 and J-TE-G. Among the tested rootstocks, J-OH-A produced the highest number of suckers. Suckering was more intensive with Melrose followed by Gloster and Golden Delicious.

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