scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Saccharides. 1. Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and related compounds – a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Sugar Nucleotides ◽  
Sugar Phosphates ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Reaction Schemes ◽  
Scientific Advances

This review article presents a survey of selected principal biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and cyclitols in foods and in food raw materials and informs nonspecialist readers about new scientific advances as reported in recently published papers. Subdivision of the topics is predominantly via biosynthesis. Monosaccharides are subdivided to sugar phosphates, sugar nucleotides, nucleotide-glucose interconversion pathway sugars, nucleotide-mannose interconversion pathway sugars, and aminosugars. The part concerning oligosaccharides deals with saccharose, trehalose, raffinose, and lactose biosynthesis. The part devoted to sugar alcohols and cyclitols includes the biosynthetic pathways leading to glucitol, inositols, and pseudosaccharides. Extensively used are reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations employing sound chemical principles and mechanisms.    

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Saccharides. 2. Polysaccharides – a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Reaction Schemes ◽  
Scientific Advances

This review article gives a survey of the selected principal biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important polysaccharides occurring in foods and in food raw materials and informs non-specialist readers about new scientific advances as reported in recently published papers. Subdivision of the topic is predominantly done via biosynthesis and includes reserve polysaccharides (starch and glycogen, fructans), plant cell wall polysaccharides (cellulose and callose, pectin), and animal polysaccharides (chitin and glycosaminoglycans). Extensively used are the reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations using sound chemical principles and mechanisms.  

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Vitamins. 1. Fat-soluble vitamins - a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, the corresponding provitamins, and the closely related ubiquinones and plastoquinones) in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Extensively used are reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved, with detailed explanations using chemical principles and mechanisms.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Natural pigments. Part 2 – a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
J. Davídek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article is a part of the survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important natural pigments in organisms closely related to foods and feeds. The biosynthetic pathways leading to xanthones, flavonoids, carotenoids, and some minor pigments are described including the enzymes involved and reaction schemes with detailed mechanisms.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Lipids. 2. Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and glyceroglycolipids – a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the principal biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important food glycerolipids, i.e. triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and glyceroglycolipids as reported in recently published papers. Glycerophospholipids are further subdivided to phosphatides, lysophosphatides, and plasmalogens. The subdivision of the topics is predominantly via biosynthesis. Reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved are extensively used as well as detailed explanations based on chemical principles and mechanisms.  

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Vitamins. 2. Water-soluble vitamins: Part 2 − a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the biosynthetic pathways that lead to water-soluble vitamins in microorganisms, plants and some animals. The biosynthetic pathways leading to some the B-group vitamins (biotin, folacin, cobalamins) and to vitamin C are described in detail using reaction schemes and mechanisms with enzymes involved and detailed explanations based on chemical principles and mechanisms.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Vitamins. 2. Water-soluble vitamins: Part 1 - a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to water-soluble vitamins in microorganisms, plants and some animals. The biosynthetic pathways leading to the B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, vitamin B<sub>6</sub>) are described in detail using the reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved and detailed explanations based on chemical principles and mechanisms. Keywords:

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Natural pigments: Part 1

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 291-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
J. Davídek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important natural pigments in organisms closely related to foods and feeds. The biosynthetic pathways leading to hemes, chlorophylls, melanins, betalains, and quinones are described using the enzymes involved and the reaction schemes with detailed mechanisms.

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Amiodarone Hydrochloride and Related Compounds in Raw Materials and Tablets

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline M Lacrok ◽  
Norman M Curran ◽  
Wing-Wah Sy ◽  
Dennis K J Goreck ◽  
Pierre Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Amiodarone Hydrochloride ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of amiodarone hydrochloride and 10 related compounds in drug raw material and for assay of drug in tablets was developed. The method specifies a 3 jxm Hypersil nitrile column (150 × 4.6 mm), a mobile phase of 1 + 1 acetonitrile–ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 M adjusted to pH 6.0 with 0.1 M acetic acid), a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and detection at 240 nm. The lower limit of quantitation of the related compounds is 0.02% or less. Drug contents in 2 raw material samples were 100.1 and 99.9% and ranged from 98.2 to 99.4% in 3 tablet formulations. Impurity levels in 2 samples of raw material from different manufacturers were ca 0.4%. The presence of 3 of the known related compounds in these samples was confirmed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. The method applied to raw materials was evaluated by a second laboratory and found to be satisfactory.

Liquid Chromatographic Method for Selegiline Hydrochloride and Related Compounds in Raw Materials and Tablets

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-455
Author(s):  
Normand Beaulieu ◽  
Terry D Cyr ◽  
Susan J Graham ◽  
Edward G Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determination of selegiline hydrochloride and related substances in drug raw material and tablet formulations. The method resolves 3 known related compounds from the drug with a limit of quantitation of less than 0.05%. Drug raw material and tablet samples contained ca 0.2 and 0.6% impurities, respectively. These included some related compounds, the identities of which were confirmed by gas chromatography with a Fourier transform Infrared detector.

DETERMINATION OF GLYCEROL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN FERMENTATION SOLUTIONS BY PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY

1950 ◽  
Vol 28b (9) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Silica Column ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Related Compounds

A modified technique is described for applying partition chromatography, using a silica column, to the separation of simple organic compounds which are difficult to extract from water. An aqueous solution is pipetted directly on a Celite–water column the upper 15% of which has been left dry to receive it. Acetoin, 2, 3-butanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, ethanediol, glycerol, and erythritol can be separated from each other and from sugars and sugar alcohols containing five or more carbon atoms if the column is properly developed by ethyl acetate and benzene–butanol mixtures. After separation the compounds can be estimated by a rapid colorimetric determination of the acetaldehyde or formaldehyde formed by periodate oxidation. The recoveries are quantitative, thus making it possible to determine 1 to 2 mgm. of glycerol or 2, 3-butanediol within an error of ± 3% even when they are mixed with larger amounts of closely related compounds which cause interference in the usual methods.

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