scholarly journals Analysis of genetic relationships between populations of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by using morphological characterisation and RAPD markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samal ◽  
G.R. Rout ◽  
P.C. Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
New Varieties

In the present paper genetic relationships of twenty varieties of cashew are described on the basis of morphological characters and RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. Results obtained for the phenotypic characters based on similarity coefficient were divided into four clusters with 70% similarity. By means of similarity coefficients (SG), cluster I was found to consist of twelve varieties. Cluster II consisted of a single variety, NRCC-1, cluster III consisted of six varieties and cluster IV had only one variety, Vridhachalam-2. The analysis started by using RAPD markers that allowed us to distinguish 20 varieties. A total of 80 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 kb were amplified by using 11 selected random 10-mer primers. Genetic similarity analysis was conducted for the presence or absence of bands in the RAPD profile. Cluster analysis clearly showed that 20 varieties of cashew grouped into two major clusters based on similarity indices. The first major cluster comprised one minor cluster. The other major cluster was divided into two sub-minor clusters, one sub-minor cluster having three varieties and the other sub-minor cluster was represented by 15 varieties. Among the 20 varieties, Ullal-3 and Dhana (H-1608) showed the highest similarity indices (87%). It was noted that Vengurla-2 and Vengurla-3 were not grouped into a single cluster but Vengurla-4 has 82% similarity to Vengurla-3. The variety Vengurla-2 has very close similarity (85%) with variety Vridhachalam-3 (M-26/2). The analysis of genetic relationships in cashew using morphological traits and RAPD banding data can be useful for plant improvement, descriptions of new varieties and also for assessment of variety purity in plant certification programmes.  

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽  
Ali ASGHARI ◽  
Jafar AHMADI ◽  
Behvar ASGHARI ◽  
Ali Ashraf JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Nei’s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

Identification and assessment of genetic relationships in three Chlorophytum species and two high yielding genotypes of C. borivilianum through RAPD markers

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Tarun Patel ◽  
K. Geetha ◽  
Satyabrata Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AbstractConservation of identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Since Chlorophytum species are important medicinal plants, studies were carried out for identification and establish genetic relationships in three species of Chlorophytum and two high yielding genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum using RAPD markers. Out of one hundred primers tested, 47 decamers amplified a total of 454 distinct bands ranging from 0.25–3.0 kbp to identify and to evaluate genetic relationships between and among three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes of Chlorophtum borivilianum. The cluster analysis indicated that three species of Chlorophytum and two genotypes (NRCCB-1 and NRCCB-2) of C. borivilianum formed two major clusters. The first major cluster constituted C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum, and the second major cluster composed of two subclusters; the first subcluster represented NRCB-1 and NRCB-2 where as the second subcluster represented C. borivilianum. Thus, the RAPD markers have the potential for identification and characterization of genetic relatedness among the species and genotypes. C. borivilianum along with two genotypes also showed similar banding patterns which could be chosen as candidate markers for differentiating the other two species such as C. arundinaceum and C. tuberosum. This would helpful for breeding programmes and provides an important input in conservation biology.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) Plant Collection of Cibinong Plant Germplasm Garden Based on Phenotypic and Genetic Characters

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dody Priadi ◽  
Ambar Yuswi Perdani ◽  
Yuli Sulistyowati ◽  
Fiqolbi Nuro Pohan ◽  
Enung Sri Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Plant Collection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Genetic Characters

<p>Indonesia as a rich biodiversity country has many superior fruit plant germplasms such as sweet star fruit or carambola (<em>Averrhoa carambola</em> L.). Some varieties of carambola which collected at the Germplasm Garden of Research Center for Biotechnology-LIPI have been used for parent trees of fruit plant production. Therefore, they have to be characterized both phenotypically and genetically. The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between eight varieties of carambola i.e. Malaysia, Penang, Rawasari, Bangkok, Sembiring, Dewabaru, Demak and Dewimurni at the germplasm garden based on phenotypic and genetic characters. Phenotypic characters were observed directly in the field, whereas genetic characters were observed with RAPD markers using 10 primers. Phylogenetic analysis was done using NT-SYS software showed that there were three clusters of carambola varieties. Meanwhile, Malaysia and Penang varieties have closed relationships (96%) compared with the other varieties. The result of the study would be dedicated to updating and completing the existing fruit plant collection database of Plants Germplasm Garden. </p>

scholarly journals Identification of Poinsettia Cultivars Using RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Tian Ling ◽  
Roger Sauve ◽  
Nick Gawel
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The Other ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Components Analysis

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques were used to compare the DNA from leaf tissues of nine commercial poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild ex Klotzsch) cultivars. Amplification occurred in 57 out of 60 (95%) tested primers. Nine primers that revealed polymorphisms among cultivars were selected for further evaluation. Forty-eight RAPD bands were scored from these primers, and 33 (69%) were polymorphic. All tested cultivars could be discriminated with seven bands generated from primers OPB7 and OPC13. Results of a UPGMA cluster analysis and principal components analysis placed the nine cultivars into two groups: one group consisted of `Jingle Bells', `Supjibi', and `V-17 Angelika', the other of `V-14 Glory', `Red Sails', `Jolly Red', and `Freedom'. `Lilo Red' and `Pink Peppermint' belonged to the latter group, but were relatively distant from other cultivars in that group. These results indicate that RAPDs are efficient for identification of poinsettia cultivars and for determination of the genetic relationships among cultivars.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variations of Epimedium koreanum by Randomly and Specifically Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 454D-454
Author(s):  
Hak-Tae Lim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Leaflet Number ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Randomly and specifically amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used to assess the intraspecific genetic variations and relationships within Epimedium koreanum populations. A collection of 21 individuals were classified as different accessions by morphological characters such as leaflet number, shape of leaf base, cauline length, plant height, and leaf area. PCR amplification using 12 primers out of 62 [60 random (10-mer) primers, one 15-mer primer (M13 core sequence), and (GGAT)4] resulted in 89 amplified DNA fragments with polymorphisms (80.9%) in all of the tested plants. Similarity indices between accessions were computed from PCR data, and genetic relationships among intraspecific variations were closely related at the levels ranging from 0.66 to 0.93. These DNA data were not matched well with those of morphological characters because they were divided into two major groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.74. Primers (VII, VIII) gave rise to monomorphic bands in all of examined plants, but specific primers (M13 core and (GGAT)4 sequences) were found to be very valuable molecular markers to evaluate the interspecific variations in Epimedium koreanum.

Genetic Similarity Among Broccoli Inbreds “Essentially Derived” from Commercial Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 546e-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Farnham ◽  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Julie M. Villand
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Related Group

DNA markers can assess close genetic relationships between individuals of a crop as when one variety is developed (i.e., “essentially derived”) from another. An acceptable threshold, based on empirical results, should be established for a crop to indicate what constitutes an “essentially derived” variety in the absence of clear pedigree information. Empirical data could help settle infringements of intellectual property rights, but appropriate data are not being generated for most crops. Thus, our objectives were to characterize genetic relationships among broccoli varieties “essentially derived” from known parents using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers as a measure of genotype and to provide an empirical basis for threshold levels in this crop. Six F1 broccoli hybrids and three inbred lines (doubled-haploids) developed from each of the hybrids (24 entries) were evaluated by RAPD analysis. RAPD assays were conducted using 23 different oligonucleotide 10-mers. Of 179 RAPD bands scored, 94 were polymorphic among the entries. Similarity indices were computed from RAPD data, and a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot was constructed. Similarity indices for all pairwise comparisons ranged from 0.40 to 0.90. `High Sierra' and it's derived lines were the most closely related group with indices from 0.81 to 0.90. With `High Sierra', `Sultan', and `Marathon', the three derived lines were more closely related to their respective parental hybrids than were any other entries. The hybrids `Futura', `Everest', and `Viking' were more genetically similar to other entries than to their derived lines. A threshold level based on data from `High Sierra', `Marathon', `Sultan', and their derived lines would not identify “essentially derived” lines developed from other hybrids.

Identification and Genetic Variation among Hibiscus Species (Malvaceae) Using RAPD Markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvakanta Barik ◽  
Sunil Kumar Senapati ◽  
Subhashree Aparajita ◽  
Anuradha Mohapatra ◽  
Gyana Ranjan Rout
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Germplasm Identification ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Identification Of Species

Abstract Germplasm identification and characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Traditionally, species or cultivars identification has relied on morphological characters like growth habit or floral morphology like flower colour and other characteristics of the plant. Studies were undertaken for identification and determination of genetic variation within the two species of Hibiscus and 16 varieties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. through random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) markers. Primer screening was made by using the DNA of variety “Prolific”. Genetic analysis was made by using ten selected decamer primers. A total of 79 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 kb were amplified by using ten selected random decamer primers. The genetic similarity was evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of bands. The cluster analysis indicated that the 16 varieties and two species formed one cluster. The first major cluster consisted of three varieties and a second major cluster consisted of two species and 13 varieties. The genetic distance was very close within the varieties and also among the species. Thus, these RAPD markers have the potential for identification of species/varieties and characterization of genetic variation within the varieties. This is also helpful in Hibiscus breeding programs and provides a major input into conservation biology

scholarly journals The RAPD analysis of several cultivars of grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) and their clones

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vlastníková ◽  
K. Moravcová ◽  
M. Pidra
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rapd Pattern

Nine identification RAPD markers (Moravcov&aacute; et al. 2003) were used to distinguish 24 clones and grapevine cultivars. No polymorphism was detected among all the tested clones of Chardonnay, Pinot gris and Zweigeltrebe from Pole&scaron;ovice. Pinot noir, Pinot gris, Pinot blanc and Pinot Meunier were indistinguishable within clones, they also showed the identical RAPD profile within cultivars (except discussed sample No. 26). On the other hand, Auxerrois as a relative to cultivars of Pinot group showed unique patterns and may be classified as a different cultivar. Some irregularities within the cultivars of Pinot family from Oblekovice were also found, several of them gave different results from those expected: Pinot blanc sample 26 has the RAPD profile typical of Chardonnay. A new abnormal RAPD pattern as a marker of typical Chardonnay and Pinot profiles was observed in two cases. While RAPD banding patterns could not distinguish between the known clones, they were useful for distinguishing between phenotypically similar cultivars and for assessing the origins of cultivars thought to have originated as sports. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Identification and Analysis of Genetic Variation among Rose Cultivars Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Mohapatra ◽  
Gyana Ranjan Rout
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rose Breeding

Identified germplasm is an important component for efficient and effective management of plant genetic resources. Traditionally, cultivars or species identification has relied on morphological characters like growth habit or floral morphology like flower colour and other characteristics of the plant. Studies were undertaken for identification and analysis of genetic variation within 34 rose cultivars through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Analysis was made by using twenty five decamer primers. Out of twenty five, ten primers were selected and used for identification and analysis of genetic relationships among 34 rose cultivars. A total of 162 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 kb was amplified by using 10 selected random decamer primers. The genetic similarity was evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of bands. The cluster analysis indicated that the 34 rose cultivars form 9 clusters. The first cluster consists of eight hybrid cultivars, three clusters having five cultivars each, one cluster having four cultivars, two clusters having three cultivars each and two clusters having one cultivar each. The genetic distance was very close within the cultivars. Thus, these RAPD markers have the potential for identification of clusters and characterization of genetic variation within the cultivars. This is also helpful in rose breeding programs and provides a major input into conservation biology.

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness of soybean genotypes based on agromorphological traits and RAPD markers

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Peric ◽  
Ana Nikolic ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
Aleksanda Sudaric ◽  
Mirjana Srebric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Modern agriculture, breeding procedures, as well as competition among breeding institutions contribute to further reduction of already narrowed diversity of soybean commercial varieties. The objective of the study was to characterize eighteen soybean cultivars from three different breeding programs for agro-morphological traits and to reveal genetic diversity using molecular markers. Morphological description was performed with 13 qualitative and 9 quantitative traits. The genetic relationships were estimated using 21 RAPD markers. PIC was calculated for RAPD data, while the diversity of qualitative traits was described by Shannon genetic diversity index. Cluster analysis based on qualitative morphological characters showed clear separation of genotypes on the basis of their plant growth type. PC analysis performed for quantitative traits divided genotypes according to their maturity group. Grouping pattern based on molecular marker data was in agreement with pedigree of cultivars. A great similarity was found, primarily between the varieties under the same institution, and then among all examined varieties. Comparison of three methods in the assessment of diversity indicated that morphological markers might provide useful information in breeding process and allow classification by pedigree to some extent, but RAPD markers were found to be superior in assessing differences among genetically very similar genotypes.

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