scholarly journals Production potential and structural variability of pine stands in the Czech Republic: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) vs. introduced pines – case study and problem review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilém Podrázský ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
Jan Vítámvás ◽  
Josef Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Structural Variability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pine Stands

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important tree species in Eurasia. During the past centuries, it has been extensively introduced into artificial monocultures, but is currently experiencing a number of problems related to climate change and extreme droughts. There is a large-scale disintegration of its stands and, in addition to its replacement by other native trees, it is possible to use a wide range of introduced species of the same genus. The aim of the investigation was to compare production parameters, structure and diversity of pine stands at the age of 35 years in school Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science in Central Bohemia (320 m a.s.l., medium rich habitats, water deficit site). Seven species of pine were compared: ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Hawson), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Balf.), black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas), Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) and the only native Scots pine. The results showed that significantly (P < 0.001) highest height, diameter at breast height and mean stem volume were achieved in Pinus ponderosa and P. strobus stands, while these parameters were lowest in P. peuce and P. nigra. In contrast, the lowest stand volume was calculated for P. strobus (112 m3·ha–1) due to the lower stand density, while the highest production was again in P. ponderosa (430 m3·ha–1). In terms of structural variability, the highest diversity was found in P. jeffreyi and P. peuce. The introduced pine species, especially P. ponderosa, could therefore play an important role in terms of production and economic potential and even replace native P. sylvestris on suitable sites.

scholarly journals Improved Equations for the Density Management Diagram Isolines of Ponderosa Pine Stands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woongsoon Jang ◽  
Martin W Ritchie ◽  
Jianwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract This study was conducted to improve estimation of concomitant variables for implementation of a stand density management diagram (SDMD) for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in northern California and Oregon. In traditional SDMD, isolines for variables such as stand volume are presented in such a way that uncertainty with estimation is not available. We developed the new top height and stand volume equations, as well as aboveground biomass and percent canopy cover, for building isolines in the SDMD using high-quality data collected from well-managed even-aged stands. The data were selected from the USDA Forest Service’s Pacific Southwest Research Station database. A total of 829 observations (from 113 plots across 15 sites in Oregon and California) were used for model construction. In addition, covariance-variance structures of all of the estimated parameters were provided so that users can evaluate the uncertainty associated with predictions. The model validation results indicated that the predictions made from fixed-effects model forms performed better than the current volume equation of SDMD, as well as those from mixed-effects model forms using the population average effect. The proposed equations provide enhanced predictions and additional useful information about managed ponderosa pine stands, including their uncertainty.

Vegetation responses to stand structure and prescribed fire in an interior ponderosa pine ecosystemThis article is one of a selection of papers from the Special Forum on Ecological Studies in Interior Ponderosa Pine — First Findings from Blacks Mountain Interdisciplinary Research.

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Martin W. Ritchie ◽  
William W. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Ponderosa Pine Forest ◽  
Selection Of

A large-scale interior ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) study was conducted at the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in northeastern California. The primary purpose of the study was to determine the influence of structural diversity on the dynamics of interior pine forests at the landscape scale. High structural diversity (HiD) and low structural diversity (LoD) treatments were created with mechanical thinning on 12 main plots. Each plot was then split in half with one-half treated with prescribed fire. During the 5 year period after the treatments, the LoD treatments showed slightly higher periodic annual increments for basal area (BA) and significantly higher diameter increments than did the HiD treatments, although HiD carried twice as much BA as LoD did immediately after the treatments. Prescribed fire did not affect growth, but killed and (or) weakened some trees. No interaction between treatments was found for any variable. Stand density was reduced from the stands before treatments, but species composition did not change. Old dominant trees still grew and large snags were stable during the 5 year period. Treatments had minor impacts on shrub cover and numbers. These results suggest that ponderosa pine forest can be silviculturally treated to improve stand growth and health without sacrificing understory shrub diversity.

scholarly journals Stocking Control Procedures for Multiaged Ponderosa Pine Stands in the Inland Northwest

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. O'Hara ◽  
Narayanan I. Valappil ◽  
Linda M. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract Multi-aged management of forest stands in western North America is a viable option in many areas where traditional even-aged management is undesirable. Procedures for guiding stocking control for multi-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands were developed using the PP-MASAM model (Ponderosa Pine–Multi-aged Stocking Assessment Model). These procedures allow the user to divide stands into components such as age classes or canopy strata that are the basic unit for growing space allocation. Growing space is represented by leaf area index. Stocking regimes are assessed over a single cutting cycle through projections of volume increment, stand density, and tree vigor. The approach is flexible for guiding stocking in ponderosa pine stands for diverse structural objectives including retention of ancient trees, development of presettlement structures, stands with two to four age classes, or stands with short or long cutting cycles. Example stocking regimes and internet links are provided to access the model. West. J. Appl. For. 18(1):5–14.

scholarly journals Implications of Reduced Stand Density on Tree Growth and Drought Susceptibility: A Study of Three Species under Varying Climate

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Mathias Steckel ◽  
W. Keith Moser ◽  
Miren del Río ◽  
Hans Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Positive Effect

A higher frequency of increasingly severe droughts highlights the need for short-term measures to adapt existing forests to climate change. The maintenance of reduced stand densities has been proposed as a promising silvicultural tool for mitigating drought stress. However, the relationship between stand density and tree drought susceptibility remains poorly understood, especially across ecological gradients. Here, we analysed the effect of reduced stand density on tree growth and growth sensitivity, as well as on short-term drought responses (resistance, recovery, and resilience) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson). Tree ring series from 409 trees, growing in stands of varying stand density, were analysed at sites with different water availability. For all species, mean tree growth was significantly higher under low compared with maximum stand density. Mean tree growth sensitivity of Scots pine was significantly higher under low compared with moderate and maximum stand density, while growth sensitivity of ponderosa pine peaked under maximum stand density. Recovery and resilience of Scots pine, as well as recovery of sessile oak and ponderosa pine, decreased with increasing stand density. In contrast, resistance and resilience of ponderosa pine significantly increased with increasing stand density. Higher site water availability was associated with significantly reduced drought response indices of Scots pine and sessile oak in general, except for resistance of oak. In ponderosa pine, higher site water availability significantly lessened recovery. Higher site water availability significantly moderated the positive effect of reduced stand density on drought responses. Stand age had a significantly positive effect on the resistance of Scots pine and a negative effect on recovery of sessile oak. We discuss potential causes for the observed response patterns, derive implications for adaptive forest management, and make recommendations for further research in this field.

scholarly journals Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rose ◽  
D. L. Haase ◽  
F. Kroiher ◽  
T. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Early Results

Abstract This is the final summary of two studies on the relationship between root volume and seedling growth; early results were published previously. Survival, growth, and stem volume were determined for 2+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings after 8 growing seasons. For each species, seedlings from three seedlots were assigned to one of three root-volume categories [<4.5 cm3 (RV1), 4.5-7 cm3 (RV2), and >7 cm3 (RV3) for ponderosa pine; <9 cm3 (RV1), 9-13 cm3 (RV2), and >13 cm3 (RV3) for Douglas-fir]. On a dry harsh ponderosa pine site on the eastern slopes of Mt. Hood in Oregon, where gopher and cattle damage decreased the number of seedlings, more seedlings in the highest root-volume category survived (70%) than in the smaller root-volume categories (62% and 50%). Douglas-fir on a good site in the Coast Range of Oregon showed significantly greater height and stem volume for the largest root-volume category, whereas annual shoot growth and survival did not differ. Root volume is one of several potentially useful criteria for predicting long-term growth and survival after outplanting. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):69-73.

Stand density, drought, and herbivory constrain ponderosa pine regeneration pulse

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 862-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Kolb ◽  
Kelsey Flathers ◽  
John B. Bradford ◽  
Caitlin Andrews ◽  
Lance A. Asherin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Stand Thinning ◽  
Survival And Growth

Trees in dry forests often regenerate in episodic pulses when wet periods coincide with ample seed production. Factors leading to success or failure of regeneration pulses are poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of stand thinning on survival and growth of the 2013 cohort of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) seedlings in northern Arizona, United States. We measured seedling survival and growth over the first five growing seasons after germination in six stand basal areas (BAs; 0, 7, 14, 23, 34, and 66 (unthinned) m2·ha−1) produced by long-term experimental thinnings. Five-year survival averaged 2.5% and varied among BAs. Mean survival duration was longer in intermediate BAs (11 to 16 months) than in clearings and high BAs (5 months). The BAs of 7, 14, and 23 m2·ha−1 had >2600 5-year-old seedlings·ha−1. In contrast, regeneration was lower in the clearing (666 seedlings·ha−1) and failed completely in the 34 m2·ha−1 and unthinned treatments. Seedling survival was highest during wet years and lowest during drought years. Many surviving seedlings had no net height growth between years 4 and 5 because of stem browsing. Results indicate that natural regeneration of ponderosa pine is influenced by stand BA, drought, herbivory, and interactions between extreme climatic events.

Fine root growth and mortality in different-aged ponderosa pine stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P. Andersen ◽  
Donald L. Phillips ◽  
Paul T. Rygiewicz ◽  
Marjorie J. Storm
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Pine Stands

Root minirhizotron tubes were installed at two sites around three different age classes of ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) to follow patterns of fine root (≤2 mm diameter) dynamics during a 4 year study. Both sites were old-growth forests until 1978, when one site was clear-cut and allowed to regenerate naturally. The other site had both intermediate-aged trees (50–60 years) and old-growth trees (>250 years old). Estimates of fine root standing crop were greatest around young trees and least around intermediate-aged trees. Root production was highly synchronized in all age classes, showing a single peak in late May – early June each year. Root production and mortality were proportional to standing root crop (biomass), suggesting that allocation to new root growth was proportional to root density regardless of tree age. The turnover index (mortality/maximum standing crop) varied from 0.62 to 0.89·year–1, indicating root life spans in excess of 1 year. It appears that young ponderosa pine stands have greater rates of fine root production than older stands but lose more fine roots each year through mortality. The results indicate that soil carbon may accumulate faster in younger than in older stands.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document