scholarly journals Changes in requirements on vernalization of winter wheat varieties in the Czech Republic in 1950–2000

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Petr ◽  
F. Hnilička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Photoperiodic Reaction ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The need for vernalization of winter wheat varieties cultivated in the CzechRepublic in 2000 was studied in comparison with the need for vernalization in the past decades since 1950. In 2000, many foreign varieties were cultivated in the Czech Republic, mostly West European. Varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 days and 50–60 days show the highest representation in the assortment (47.3% and 31.6%, resp.). The share of varieties with a long vernalization over 60 days is 15.8%. In around 1990, when varieties of domestic breeding were mostly grown, there were, next to the largest group with a vernalization of 40–50 days, 21.7% of varieties with a vernalization of 30–40 days and the same amount with a vernalization of 50–60 days. During the last ten years, the share of varieties with a longer vernalization has risen, not only due to foreign varieties, but also due to new domestic varieties. It is apparent from a 50-year overview that what has predominated are varieties with a vernalization of 40–50 or 40–60 days, which is a range usual for winter varieties of wheat in Middle and West Europe. After 1950, a departure from original domestic varieties appeared; those were represented by original alternative varieties (in Czech přesívky, in German Wechselweizen, in Russian dvuručki) and half-winter varieties with a shorter vernalization, strictly speaking with a vernalization fixed to a short day, and a strong photoperiodic reaction. Representation of varieties as related to their length of vernalization has changed in the course of the decades following utilization of foreign varieties; this was affected above all by varieties from Russia (the former USSR), Germany, but also Yugoslavia. Varieties from these countries were utilized also as parent components in domestic breeding.

scholarly journals Detection of Norin 10 dwarfing genes in winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
M. Škorpík ◽  
P. Prášilová ◽  
V. Šíp
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Insensitivity to the applied gibberellic acid, indicating the presence of Norin 10 dwarfing genes, was detected in 20 of 57 (35.1%) winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic in 2002. Hybrid analyses in F<sub>2</sub> generation showed a prevalent occurrence of Rht2 gene (in 14 varieties). Only 6 varieties were found to carry Rht1 gene. Among the recently developed Rht2 varieties, Clever possesses also a high bread-making quality which was not observed with the older materials. Rht2 varieties were found, on average, less winter-hardy, later in heading and more resistant to lodging than Rht1 varieties. &nbsp;

Short Day Induction of Inflorescence Initiation in Some Winter Wheat Varieties

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Lower Irradiance ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experiments in the Canberra phytotron with several European winter wheat varieties, especially cv. Templar, have shown that their need for vernalisation at low temperature can be replaced entirely by growth in short days at 21/16°C for the same period. In fact, although wheat is usually classified as a long day plant, inflorescence initiation at 21/16°C in unvernalised plants was twice as rapid in 8 h photoperiods as in 16 h ones. Short day induction was fastest in photoperiods of less than 12 h and was relatively insensitive to irradiance. Inflorescence development following initiation was faster the longer the photoperiod. At high irradiance, anthesis eventually occurred in 8 h days, but not at lower irradiance. These wheats are therefore short-long day plants, and may appear to be indifferent to daylength if only their time to anthesis is observed. Although short days can replace low temperatures, there are several important differences in their modes of action, and short day induction is better not referred to as short day vernalisation. Vernalisation of developing grains in the ear was more effective in long days.

scholarly journals Physiological nature of overwintering oats forms

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
J. Petr ◽  
I. Capouchová ◽  
M. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Photoperiodic Induction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Autumn Sowing ◽  
Photoperiodic Reaction

We evaluated the need for low temperatures (vernalization) and the photoperiodic reaction of three collections of winter oats (1. Pedarn, Maris Quest, Peniarth; 2. Gerald, Solva, Kymon, Pendragon; 3. Pewi, Silwi, Wiskas) in a&nbsp;comparison with spring oats varieties. All three collections of varieties showed little need for low temperatures, mostly as few as 10&ndash;20 days, which does not represent an obligatory need; this influence is only quantitative and constitutes no precondition for a&nbsp;passage of plants into the generative stage. Only in the case of the Maris Quest variety, the need for vernalization approached 30 days. As compared with the reaction of winter barley varieties that had and in some cases still have worse overwintering in the Czech Republic, the length of vernalization is equal. In the photoperiodic experiment, the reaction to a&nbsp;short autumn day turned out to be the critical condition for a&nbsp;possibility of autumn sowing and overwintering; in the case of these varieties, a&nbsp;short day inhibits the development until arrival of winter. We evaluated this reaction according to the length of the induction period. This period was only 10&ndash;15 days in the case of the spring oats Česk&yacute; žlut&yacute;, 30 days in the case of winter oats Maris Quest, 25 days for Pedarn, 20 days for Peniarth and 21 days for Pendra-gon; the induction period was 14&ndash;21 days in the case of varieties Gerald, Kymon and Solva. When compared with figures for winter barley, it had the longer photoperiodic induction period. The evaluated varieties of winter oats do not reach such a&nbsp;degree of a&nbsp;reaction to a&nbsp;short day, which manifests itself in their lower frosthardiness than that of winter barley. We verified that in provoking tests for frosthardiness, and also by lower critical values of temperatures for dying out of 50% of plants, the so-called LT 50.

scholarly journals Developments in breeding winter wheat for bread-baking quality in some north-western European countries.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-234
Author(s):  
J. Mesdag
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Kernel Yield

The subject is surveyed under the following headings: baking quality in France; development of kernel yield and baking quality during the past 35 years in France; breeding wheat with improved baking quality in Great Britain in the 20th century; improvement of kernel yield and baking quality of winter wheat varieties during the past 30 years in England and Wales; development of wheat quality during the past 100 years in pre-war Germany and the German Federal Republic; the combination of higher yield and better baking quality in winter wheat varieties during the past 50 years in pre-war Germany and the German Federal Republic; and breeding research on baking quality in the Netherlands in the present century. It is shown that, within periods of time, varieties with a high score for baking quality generally tend to have a low grain yield. However, from the data presented, it is concluded that high yield potential and good baking quality can be combined in one variety, although the result may be attained less rapidly than with breeding for yield alone. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Correlation between Ecological Plasticity of Elite Winter Wheat Varieties and DNA Methylation Pattern Polymorphism within Variety

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.P. Kravets ◽  
◽  
D.O. Sokolova ◽  
A.M. Berestyana ◽  
O.R. Shnurenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Dna Methylation Pattern ◽  
Pattern Polymorphism ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

Varietal potential of winter wheat in the Kursk region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pigorev I. Ya. Pigorev I. Ya. ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kudinov V.A. ◽  
I.V. Ichkov I.V.
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Kursk Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Large Enterprises

the range of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of sown areas of the Kursk region is considered. The analysis of the varieties used with the priorities and volumes of crops in large enterprises and small business entities of the agro-industrial complex is given.

EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF TAJIKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
A. Nurbekov ◽  
N. Asozoda ◽  
I. Usmonov ◽  
K. Ergasheva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties
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