Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
В.В. Кошеляев ◽  
В.И. Сальников ◽  
И.П. Кошеляева
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

В настоящее время недостаточно известны объективные потребности растений в элементах питания, об этом свидетельствуют значительные различия между максимальными и средними значениями урожайности при испытании сортов. Существенные различия урожайности связаны с тем, что не учитываются генетические особенности сортов поглощать элементы питания из почвы и удобрений. В основном, как правило, применение удобрений рассчитывается на усредненное значение по культуре, а не под возделываемый сорт. В результате сортоиспытание без учета генетически обусловленных особенностей минерального питания приводит к тому, что агрохимически активные сорта снимаются с испытания, так как для реализации их генетического потенциала не созданы соответствующие условия минерального питания. Цель работы – оценить общую и специфическую отзывчивость сортов озимой пшеницы на применение минеральных удобрений и выделить агрохимически активные формы. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А – сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В – уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что наиболее агрохимически активными формами являются сорта озимой пшеницы Скипетр, Клавдия 2 и Московская 56. Сорта Безенчукская 380, Немчиновская 57 и Фотинья характеризуются как формы с меньшей агрохимической активностью. At present, the objective nutrient requirements of plants are not well known, as evidenced by the significant differences between maximum and average yields in variety trials. Significant differences in yields are due to the fact that the genetic characteristics of varieties to absorb nutrients from soil and fertilizer are not taken into account. For the most part, fertilizer application is calculated as a crop average rather than for the variety being cultivated. As a result, variety testing without taking into account genetically determined features of mineral nutrition leads to the fact that agrochemically active varieties are withdrawn from testing, because appropriate conditions of mineral nutrition are not created for realization of their genetic potential. The aim of the work is to evaluate the general and specific responsiveness of winter wheat varieties to the application of mineral fertilizers and to identify agrochemically active forms. In order to achieve the objective a two-factor field experiment was laid. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the most agrochemically active forms are winter wheat varieties Skipetr, Klavdiya 2 and Moskovskaya 56. Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57 and Fotinya varieties are characterized as forms with less agrochemical activity.

scholarly journals Variability of yield and resistance to disease of soft winter wheat varieties depending on the year of testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
L. Holyk ◽  
L. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Very High ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

New varieties of soft winter wheat have been submitted for state scientific and technical expertise: Krasunya Poliska, Mokosha, Pyriatynka, Fortetsia Poliska, Efektna – in 2018, Zemlerob and Lyubito – in 2020. The best varieties in 2020 were Efektna – 6.87 t/ha, Pyriatynka and Zemlerob – 6.56 t/ha each, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.48 t/ha. During 2016-2020, all the varieties undergoing qualification examination exceeded the Lisova pisnia standard in terms of yield (5.97 t/ha). Thus, the yield of the Fortetsia Poliska variety was 7.31 t/ha, Pyriatynka – 7.10 t/ha, Zemlerob – 7.06 t/ha, Krasunya Poliska – 6.95 t/ha, Lyubito – 6.72 t/ha ha, Efektna – 6.36 t/ha, Mokosha – 6.27 t/ha. It is worth noting the significant variation in the yield over the years of research in all varieties submitted for further study and registration for state scientific and technical examination. At the Panfil research station, the yield of soft winter wheat varieties Mokosha and Zemlerob exceeded the standard in terms of yield – 6.4 t/ha, Fortetsia Poliska – 6.1 t/ha and the Efektna variety was not inferior to the standard – 5.9 t/ha. Brown rust damage during 2016–2020 was lower compared to powdery mildew. It was found that the Efektna variety had a very high resistance to both powdery mildew and brown rust. Very high resistance to brown rust was observed in 2020 for all varieties that were submitted for variety testing. It was found that the incidence of leaf septoria during 2016–2020 was high compared to brown rust and powdery mildew. The cultivar Zemlerob was selected, which had both a stable lesion (Min = 7 %) and a weak susceptibility (Max = 28 %). It was found that in the snowless 2020 and in the abundant rainfall of 2018, the defeat of septoria leaves had moderate resistance (X = 15.81 %) and (X = 20.03 %). Studies have shown that in 2020 a very high resistance to septoria of the ear was observed in the variety Fortetsia Poliska. In the Pyriatynka, Efektna, Lyubito varieties, the development of the disease was noted to be 1.0 % and the spread of the disease in the area – 10.0 %. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, variability, yield, resistance to diseases, powdery mildew, brown rust, leaf septoria, olive mold, striped mosaic of leaves, BYDV.

scholarly journals Окупність сумісного використання добрив та біопрепаратів на пшениці озимої в Південному Степу України

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
В. В. Гамаюнова ◽  
А. В. Панфілова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Метою роботи було удосконалення елементів технології вирощування сортів пшениці озимої в умовах Південного Степу України на засадах ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин шляхом оброблення посіву рослин рістрегулюючими речовинами в основні періоди вегетації по фону основного внесення невисоких доз мінеральних добрив. Методика дослідження. Експериментальні дослідження проводили впродовж 2011 – 2016 рр. на дослідному полі Миколаївського національного аграрного університету. Об’єктом досліджень була пшениця озима – сорти Кольчуга та Заможність. У дослідженнях застосовували загальноприйняті для зони методики досліджень. Урожайність визначали методом суцільного скошування з кожної облікової ділянки. Результати дослідження. У результаті виконаної роботи встановлено, що у роки досліджень урожайність пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга коливалася в межах 2,89–4,48 т/га, а сорту Заможність – 3,05–4,99 т/га залежно від варіанту живлення. Найбільш оптимальним фон живлення складався за поєднання внесення помірної дози мінерального добрива і підживлення в період вегетації препаратами Органік Д2 та Ескорт – біо. Окупність приростом урожайності зерна в зазначених варіантах живлення пшениці озимої сорту Кольчуга склала 25,50–26,50 кг, а сорту Заможність – 31,83‒32,33 кг. Елементи наукової новизни. Набули подальшого розвитку питання ресурсозберігаючого живлення рослин пшениці озимої, у зв’язку з появою нових сортів, препаратів й зміною кліматичних і ґрунтових умов. Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає в розробці, удосконаленні й впровадженні у виробництво елементів технології вирощування пшениці озимої на чорноземі південному, яка забезпечує приріст урожайності зерна на рівні 1,59–1,94 т/га залежно від сорту. The purpose of the work was improving the elements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat varieties in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine on the basis of resource-saving plant nutrition by treating the plants with the growth-regulating preparations during the main vegetation periods on the background of the main applying low doses of mineral fertilizers. Methods of research. Experimental studies were conducted during 2011–2016 in the experimental field of Mykolaiv NAU. The objects of the research were such winter wheat varieties as Kolchuha and Zamozhnist.  Generally accepted methods for the given research area were used in the experiments. The yield was determined by the method of overall mowing from each accounting area. The research results. The studies have shown that, over the years of the research, the winter wheat yield of Kolchuha variety was 2.89–4.48 t/ha, and the yield of  Zamozhnist variety was 3.05–4.99 t/ha, depending on the variant of nutrition. The most effective variant of crop nutrition, over the years of research, was the application of a moderate dose of mineral fertilizers and additional fertilization during the vegetation period with the preparations “Organic D2” and “Escort-bio”. Thus, using these nutrition variants has resulted in yield increasing of Kolchuha winter wheat variety to 25.50–26.50 kg, and of Zamozhnist variety – to 31.83–32.33 kg. The elements of scientific novelty. The questions of the resource-saving nutrition of winter wheat plants, in connection with the appearance of new varieties, preparations and changes of climatic and soil conditions have been considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is the development, improvement and introduction into production of the elements of winter wheat cultivation technology in the Southern black soil, as this crop provides grain yield growth at the level of 1.59–1.94 tons/ha depending on the variety.

scholarly journals GRAIN QUALITY OF NEW WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES SELECTED BY NORTH-CAUCASUS RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL CENTER

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
N. A. Galushko ◽  
N. M. Komarov ◽  
N. I. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article shows the research on grain quality which was conducted at North- Caucasus Scientific Agricultural Center 2015-2017. The research explored the grain quality of new soft winter wheat varieties. The grain belongs to own selections of soft winter wheat, particularly to Sekletiya, Zernetko 1, Tsaritsa and Liniya 1517. The authors focus on indicating the impact of certain factors on high-quality grain. Batko variety was applied as a standard. The soil of the experimental plot was black soil; the climate was moderate continental. The forecrop was pure steam. Before sowing, the authors applied complex mineral fertilizers dosed N40P60K40; in spring the researchers fertilized them with ammonium nitrate dosed26 kgof ammonium nitrate per hectare. The authors observed positive correlation between nature and flour strength qualities of grain (0,7-0,8); inverse relationship between the value of natural mass and IIR values (-0,79); dough elasticity to dough extensibility (-0,88); and baking absorption parameter (-0,85). Flour strength depends on protein quantity and quality (r = 0.79). The wheat varieties have shown different values of flour strength: Liniya 1517 and Zernetko 1 correspond to good filler (282-294 a.), Sekletiya, Tsaritsa and Batko (standard) correspond to satisfactory improver (312, 332,345 a.). Tsaritsa variety formed gluten of the first group during three years under different temperatures. This indicates the prevalence of protein glutenin fraction and capacity of strong wheat improver. The authors found out high correlation coefficient of sedimentation with the amount of gluten (r = 0.81) was found. The quality of winter wheat grain was affected by the arid conditions of grain loading in 2015 and overwetting in 2017. This prevented the varieties from showing up their capacities.

scholarly journals Regulation of physiological processes in winter wheat by growth regulators in conditions of powdery mildew infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Т. P. Mamenko ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

An important way of regulating the key units of metabolism in the plant organism under the action of stressors is the use of biologically active substances with regulating properties – plant growth regulators. They affect endogenous regulatory systems, altering key metabolic pathways and thus increasing the plant's sustainability and productive potential in adverse environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to establish the possibility of regulation of physiological processes in winter wheat varieties by exogenous treatment of plants with growth regulators of synthetic (salicylic acid) and natural (Emistim C and Biolan) origin to increase their resistance to the phytopathogen Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal , the causative agent of powdery mildew. The intensity of the physiological processes in plants was evaluated by the dynamics of the activity of antioxidant enzymes – ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, the release of ethylene and the integrity of the cell membranes. The objects were selected varieties of soft winter wheat, which were grown in controlled growing conditions against the background of infection by powdery mildew. The treatment of plants was carried out using aqueous salicylic acid solutions in the concentration of 10–5 M (experimentally established by us), Emistim C and Biolan (manufacturer Agrobiotech) in the concentration specified by the manufacturer at the rate of 20 mL/ha, when the development of the disease reached 5% of the total natural background of the infection in the plants during the stages of heading-beginning of flowering. Infection of winter wheat with powdery mildew leads to disruption of cell membrane integrity, increased activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in leaves of the susceptible winter wheat variety. The intensification of ethylene release by leaves of the resistant variety was observed, which was caused by the hypersensitive reaction of the hormone to the effect of stress. The use of plant treatment by growth regulators contributes to maintaining the integrity of membrane structures, adaptive changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and regulation of the synthesis of the stress hormone ethylene in both winter wheat varieties under stress. Such changes in the physiological processes induced by plant growth regulators are accompanied by the preservation of the grain productivity of winter wheat and the increase of their resistance to the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Features of accumulation and consumption of soluble carbohydrates by plants of soft winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
O. M. Drumova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The results of three-year research (2016–2019) conducted in the fields of the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Dnipro" of the SЕ Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine with soft winter wheat was presented. The soft winter wheat was placed on black fallow (on background of N30P60K30) and after sunflower (on background of N60P60K60). It was found that winter wheat plants had a not the same ability to accumulate soluble carbohydrates in years with different weather conditions. The analysis of plant samples showed that the largest number of these substances had synthesized in the autumn 2017. It was found that in the plots with black fallow during the period from November 20, 2017 to January 10, 2018, the amount of soluble carbohydrates (total amount of mono- and disaccharides) in the tillering nodes of winter wheat plants of Uzhynok variety decreased from 41.2 % to 34.7 % (by 6.5 %), Nyva Odeska variety – from 43.9 % to 32.7 % (by 11.2 %), Kokhanka variety – from 45.0 % to 42.6 % (only by 2.4 %). From January 10 until the resumption of spring vegetation, the carbohydrates were consumed most intensively by plants of the Uzhynok and Kokhanka varieties. It was found that despite the lower doses of mineral fertilizers applied to presowing cultivation, winter wheat plants accumulated more soluble carbohydrates in all years after black fallow than after sunflower. On average for three years of research, the highest consumption of sugars during the winter both in leaves and in tillering nodes, regardless of the forecrop, was observed in plants of the Uzhynok variety. It was found that the winter wheat plants of Kokhanka variety consumed soluble carbohydrates more economically than the Uzhynok and Nyva Odeska varieties, and grew more intensively in early spring. The content of sugars in the tillering nodes of Kokhanka variety during resumption of spring vegetation was 28.4 % for black fallow and 25.9 % after non-fallow forecrop. Key words: winter wheat, variety, soluble carbohydrates, forecrop, background of nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutrient removal and payback of mineral fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties under technologies of different intensity levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Nazih Yasser Rebukh ◽  
Petr Mikhailovich Polityko ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Kapranov ◽  
Evgeny Fedorovich Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Nutrient removal and payback of mineral fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties were studied under technologies of different intensity levels in 2012-2015. The design of the experiment included three fertilizer systems divided into three yield levels (6, 8 and 10 t/ha) adjusted for the actual content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil. Samples of grain and straw were taken for each variety and technology before harvesting, nutrient content was determined. Calculation of nutrient removal was carried out at 14% moisture. Nutrient removal and payback of fertilizers by harvest of winter wheat varieties depended on genetic characteristics and cultivation technology. Nemchinovskaya and Moskovskaya varieties had the highest (17-29 kg/kg) and the lowest (39-21 kg/kg) fertilizer payback, respectively, in high-intensity technology. The lower the stem height, the lower the nutrient removal. The sum of fertilizers (NPK) used by Nemchinovskaya 24 variety was 210 kg/ha in standard technology, 330 kg/ha in intensive technology, and 450 kg/ha in high-intensity technology. Lower fertilizer costs were noted on average over the research years. Increasing intensity of technology - from standard to high-intensity - resulted in increased nutrient removal and fertilizers costs, and their payback decreased.

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

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