scholarly journals Cathepsin involvement in muscle proteolysis in meat-type bulls

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Rosochacki SJ ◽  
T. Sakowski ◽  
E. Juszczuk-Kubiak ◽  
A. Butarewicz ◽  
J. Połoszynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Thiol Proteinases ◽  
Meat Type

Measurements were done of some lysosomal proteolytic enzyme activities involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis of the masculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle (MLLT) of bulls. Samples from the same region between the 11th and 13th vertebra were taken after slaughter from Limousin (n = 10), Hereford (n = 10), Charolais (n = 10), Angus (n = 11) and Simmental (n = 11) bulls about 15 months old fed complete diet ad libitum. The activity of cathepsin D was determined as pepstatin (cathepsin D inhibitor) sensitive activity (PSCatD) towards 1% haemoglobin. Pepstatin-insensitive acid (PIA) and leupeptin-insensitive (thiol proteinases inhibitor) acid (LIA) autolytic activities were measured in the presence of 1mM Mg<sup>++</sup>. MLLT was also analysed for RNA, DNA and protein variables. The data were processed by analysis of variance. The highest activities in PSCatD (P &le; 0.05), AAA (P &le; 0.01) and LIA (P &le; 0.05) as well as percentage of inhibition by pepstatin in cathepsin D (P &le; 0.01) were estimated in Angus bulls, and the lowest in Limousin ones. These breeds differed in the above-mentioned activities by 20.3, 21.1, 31.1 and 13.1%, respectively. RNA/g of tissue was highest in Hereford and lowest in Limousin bulls (by about 15.3%, P&nbsp;&le; 0.01). Similar differences (14.3%) were between Charolais and Limousin (P &le; 0.01). CPS (10<sup>3 </sup>RNA/protein) was higher by 18.3% (P &le; 0.01) in Charolais compared to the value in Simmental bulls; similar differences were between Hereford and Simmental (16.4%, P &le; 0.01). The DNA concentration was highest in Hereford (by about 30%) compared to Charolais bulls. Protein/10<sup>3</sup>DNA ratio (mg/mg) &ndash; FCS &ndash; was higher by 33.4% in Charolais compared toHereford; RNA/DNA ratio was higher by 40.2% in Charolais compared toLimousin bulls. These results indicate the fast turnover of proteins in the groups of examined bulls and it can be concluded that in hypertrophic MLLT of bulls an anabolic decrease in degradation occurred. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscles of bulls

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
S. J Rosochacki ◽  
T. Sakowski ◽  
J. Połoszynowicz ◽  
E. Juszczuk-Kubiak ◽  
A. Kowalik-Krupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lysosomal Proteolysis ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thiol Proteinases ◽  
Thiol Proteinase

The relationship between lysosomal proteolytic enzyme activities involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis of the longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle (MLLT) of bulls was described. Samples from the same region were obtained post mortem from 7 Piemontese (P) and 54 Black-and-White bulls (B-W) about 18 months old fed ad libitum. The activity of cathepsin D was determined as pepstatin (cathepsin D inhibitor) sensitive activity (PSCatD) towards 1% haemoglobin. Pepstatin-insensitive acid (PIA) and leupeptin-insensitive (thiol proteinase inhibitor) acid (LIA) autolytic activities were measured in the presence of 1 mM Mg<sup>++</sup>. MLLT was also analysed for RNA, DNA and protein content. The data were processed by analysis of variance and differences between sires were tested by the contrast procedure of general linear model. In the examined muscle RNA decreased by 16% in B-W compared to P, CPS by about 14% and FCS by about 39%. DNA content was higher by 64.5% in B-W compared to P bulls (P&nbsp;&le; 0.01). Some differences were found between P bulls and B-W groups of sires in the percentage of proteins (P &le; 0.01), CatD and PSCatD (P &le; 0.01), but the most pronounced differences were determined in PIA and LIA (P &le; 0.01), and in the percentage of inhibition by pepstatin and leupeptin (P &le; 0.01) in AAA. In the Black-and-White group of sires the percentage of protein and percentage of inhibition by pepstatin and leupeptin in AAA were lowered by about 10, 17 and 22%, but PSCatD, PIA and LIA were higher by about 23.7, 41 and 57.7%, respectively, compared to Piemontese bulls. The level of aspartic and thiol proteinases was lower in the muscles of B-W compared to Piemontese. The activity was much higher in B-W compared to P. These results indicate the faster turnover of proteins in the groups after Black-and-White sires and higher anabolic increase in degradation in Piemontese bulls. &nbsp; &nbsp;

EFFECTS OF FEEDING AND FOOD DEPRIVATION ON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, MUSCLE PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND ACTIVITIES OF ENERGY METABOLISM ENZYMES IN MUSCLE AND BRAIN OF SHALLOW-LIVING (SCORPAENA GUTTATA) AND DEEP-LIVING (SEBASTOLOBUS ALASCANUS) SCORPAENID FISHES

1993 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Yang ◽  
G. N. Somero
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of feeding and fasting were examined on the deep-living short-spine thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus) and the confamilial shallow-living spotted scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) to determine whether the low metabolic rate of the deeper-living species was in part a consequence of food deprivation in its habitat. Laboratory acclimation for periods of 90–115 days under either ad libitum feeding or complete fasting did not lead to similar rates of respiration in individuals of the two species held under identical conditions. Respiration of fish fed ad libitum was 52 % (S. guttata) or 68 % (S. alascanus) higher than for fasted fish of the same species. Furthermore, the metabolic rates of freshly collected specimens of S. alascanus resembled those of laboratory-fasted fish. In white skeletal muscle, both total protein concentration and the activities of four enzymes of ATP metabolism, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) of glycolysis, malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and citrate synthase (CS, a citric acid cycle indicator), were lower in S. alascanus than in S. guttata. Within a species, protein concentration and activities of the four enzymes in white muscle, but not in brain, were higher in fed than in starved fish, although these differences were greater in S. alascanus than in S. guttata. During fasting, LDH and PK activity in white muscle of S. alascanus decreased much more than MDH and CS activity; decreases in enzyme activities in red muscle were smaller than those in white muscle. Activities of enzymes in white skeletal muscle of field-collected S. alascanus generally resembled those of the fasted specimens. In contrast, red muscle of field- collected S. alascanus, compared with that of either fed or starved laboratory-held specimens, had a highly glycolytic poise (high LDH and PK activities relative to MDH and CS activities), which may suggest that muscle enzyme activities in the field-collected fish reflect adaptation to the low oxygen level in its adult habitat, the oxygen minimum layer. The strong correlations found between tissue biochemical properties and respiration rate allow us to develop a predictive index for metabolic rate from simple biochemical analyses, e.g. white muscle protein content or CS activity. We conclude that the low metabolic rate of S. alascanus is due to at least four depth-related factors: reduced abundance of food, low temperature, low ambient oxygen concentration and darkness, which may select for reduced locomotory activity.

Effects of Chronic Ethanol Abuse on Structure and Enzyme Activities of Skeletal Muscle in Man

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. -H. Kiessling ◽  
L. Pilström ◽  
A. -C. Bylund ◽  
K. Piehl ◽  
B. Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Abuse

Enzyme studies of skeletal muscle in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn W. McCaman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Normal Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse

The activities of 20 enzymes in normal, heterozygous, and dystrophic mouse muscle were studied by means of quantitative microchemical methods. Enzyme activities in normal and heterozygous muscle were essentially the same. In dystrophic muscle glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, peptidase, ß-glucuronidase, and glucokinase activities were significantly higher than in normal muscle, while α-glycero-P dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were significantly lower. The pattern of enzyme activities found in normal gastrocnemius denervated by nerve section was strikingly similar to that in dystrophic muscle.

scholarly journals Anaerobic and Aerobic Enzyme Activities in Human Skeletal Muscle from Children and Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J Kaczor ◽  
Wieslaw Ziolkowski ◽  
Jerzy Popinigis ◽  
Mark A Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle

The influence of straw quality and level of concentrate in a completely mixed diet on intake and growth rate in steers

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
E. R. Orskov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum

Results from a previous experiment with growing steers showed that straw from varieties of winter and spring barley or winter wheat supported different intakes and rates of gain. It was possible to identify those cereal straws most suitable for inclusion in low cost diets for beef cattle. The object of this work was to assess whether complete diets containing a minimum of 35% “good” straw could sustain a high rate of gain in finishing cattle. The trial used 45 Hereford cross steers that weighed 360 kg at the start. There were three types of straw examined; straw from the spring barley variety Corgi, untreated (UC) and ammonia treated (AC) together with ammonia treated winter wheat (AW) cv. Longbow;. Each straw type was included in a complete diet containing either 0.35 (L), 0.45 (M) or 0.55 (H) straw. Ammonia treatment was carried out in an oven with 0.03 anhydrous ammonia for 24 hours. The straw was processed through a tub grinder and the chopped material was transferred to a mixer wagon for diet preparation. All the diets contained fishmeal and urea and equal proportions of rolled barley and molassed sugar beet pulp substituted for the straw. The complete diets were offered ad libitum and the steers were weighed fortnightly until they were estimated to provide carcasses in MLC fat class 4L. Digestibility data for each diet was derived in a subsidary trial using cattle fed ad libitum. The digestibility coefficients for D11 were 0.67 UC; 0.68 AW; 0.69 AC and 0.66 H; 0.68 M; 0.70 L (S.E.D. ± 0.66).

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