scholarly journals Evaluation of acute phase protein indexes in dogs with leishmaniasis at diagnosis, during and after short-term treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Martinez-Subiela ◽  
Ceron JJ

An acute phase index based on a combination of acute phase proteins which permitted monitoring the response to therapy of canine leishmaniasis was developed and evaluated in this study. Six dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum were treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime<sup></sup>, Merial, Lyon, France) 100 mg/kg/day sc, given concurrently for 20 days with allopurinol (Zyloric&reg;, Glaxo Wellcome, Madrid, Spain) 30 mg/kg/day po and then, allopurinol alone for one month at the same dosage. Blood samples for acute phase proteins were obtained on different days before and after the beginning of treatment and two groups of indexes were calculated: (1) Indexes that combined one positive and one negative acute phase protein and (2) Indexes that combined two positive and one negative acute phase proteins. All calculated indexes were significantly higher in animals with leishmaniasis compared with clinically healthy dogs (n = 8) and a decrease was observed in all dogs tested during the treatment. Indexes that combined C-reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) with other proteins showed greater percentages of decrease that were statistically significant. Among these, the index CRP*CP/Alb was selected as the optimum since it showed a larger and faster decrease compared with the others as well as with individual proteins alone. These results would support the use of selected acute phase indexes, especially the CRP*CP/Alb index, to suspect about a leishmaniotic dogs and to monitor their response to treatment.

1982 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 1268-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rordorf ◽  
H P Schnebli ◽  
M L Baltz ◽  
G A Tennent ◽  
M B Pepys

The acute-phase plasma protein response to disease activity in murine models of autoimmune lupus-like disease was investigated by measurement of the concentration of serum amyloid P component (SAP) in NZB X W and MRL/l mice. The levels of SAP, which is a major acute-phase protein in mice, did not rise at all in response to progression of disease in NZB X W mice between the ages of 1 and 9 mo. This resembles the behavior of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in human systemic lupus erythematosus, and just as in human lupus, where the occurrence of intercurrent microbial infection can stimulate an acute-phase response, so injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide or casein into the NZB X W mice stimulated "normal" acute-phase SAP production. In marked contrast, MRL/l mice developed greatly increased levels of SAP, which correlated closely with progression of their pathology as they aged. The disease profile of the MRL/l strain includes rheumatoid factors and spontaneous polyarthritis and their SAP response resembles the behavior of acute phase proteins in human rheumatoid arthritis. Different patterns of acute-phase response in different autoimmune disorders may thus be a reflection of the genetic predisposition to particular diseases and/or contribute to their pathogenesis. The existence of animal counterparts for the various clinical patterns of human acute-phase protein production will assist in experimental investigation of the underlying mechanisms and of the biological role of the acute-phase response.


Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507
Author(s):  
Franca Citarella ◽  
Angelina Felici ◽  
Mieke Brouwer ◽  
John Wagstaff ◽  
Antonio Fantoni ◽  
...  

Involvement of the contact system of coagulation in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases is suggested by reduced plasma levels of factor XII (Hageman factor) and prekallikrein generally considered to result from activation of the contact system. However, in many of these diseases patients develop an acute-phase response and, therefore, an alternative explanation for the decreased levels of factor XII could be the downregulation of factor XII gene expression in the liver as described for negative acute-phase proteins. We report here that interleukin-6 (IL-6), the principal cytokine mediating the synthesis of most acute-phase proteins in the liver, downregulates the production of factor XII by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 by up to 75%. The decrease in protein secretion correlated with an equivalent decrease of factor XII mRNA likely indicating a pretranslational control of factor XII gene expression by IL-6. Downregulation of factor XII production by IL-6 in vitro parallelled that of transthyretin, a known negative acute-phase protein. Moreover, we show that, in patients developing an acute-phase response after immunotherapy with IL-2, plasma levels of factor XII correlate (r = .76, P < .0001) with those of transthyretin. Taken together, these results suggest that factor XII behaves as a negative acute-phase protein.


Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Citarella ◽  
Angelina Felici ◽  
Mieke Brouwer ◽  
John Wagstaff ◽  
Antonio Fantoni ◽  
...  

Abstract Involvement of the contact system of coagulation in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases is suggested by reduced plasma levels of factor XII (Hageman factor) and prekallikrein generally considered to result from activation of the contact system. However, in many of these diseases patients develop an acute-phase response and, therefore, an alternative explanation for the decreased levels of factor XII could be the downregulation of factor XII gene expression in the liver as described for negative acute-phase proteins. We report here that interleukin-6 (IL-6), the principal cytokine mediating the synthesis of most acute-phase proteins in the liver, downregulates the production of factor XII by the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 by up to 75%. The decrease in protein secretion correlated with an equivalent decrease of factor XII mRNA likely indicating a pretranslational control of factor XII gene expression by IL-6. Downregulation of factor XII production by IL-6 in vitro parallelled that of transthyretin, a known negative acute-phase protein. Moreover, we show that, in patients developing an acute-phase response after immunotherapy with IL-2, plasma levels of factor XII correlate (r = .76, P < .0001) with those of transthyretin. Taken together, these results suggest that factor XII behaves as a negative acute-phase protein.


1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Hagan ◽  
S. Poole ◽  
A. F. Bristow

ABSTRACT The acute-phase response involves a number of separate physiological components, including induction of acute-phase protein synthesis by the liver. This response can be induced in vivo by administration of the endogenous leucocytic mediator interleukin-1β. A number of in-vivo effects of interleukin-1β have been reported to be mediated by corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), including activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and induction of fever, and in this report we have examined a possible involvement of CRF in mediating interleukin-1β-induced acute-phase protein synthesis. Interleukin-1β stimulated the elevation of species-specific plasma acute-phase proteins in rats, mice and rabbits. Co-injection of interleukin-1β with the specific CRF receptor antagonist α-helical-CRF9–41 NH2 abolished or attenuated acute-phase protein synthesis induced by interleukin-1β in all three species for up to 12 h after injection. The inhibitory effect of α-helical-CRF9–41NH2 was reduced or absent 24 h after injection. Neutralizing anti-CRF antisera had no effect on acute-phase protein synthesis in the mouse and, paradoxically, potentiated acute-phase protein synthesis induced by interleukin-1β in the rat. These results indicate a possible mediatory role for CRF in regulation of acute-phase protein synthesis, and suggest that CRF may mediate induction of acute-phase protein synthesis by a different mechanism from that involved in regulation of corticotrophin secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 207–216


Author(s):  
A.E. Alves ◽  
A.P.C. Ribeiro ◽  
P.A. Di Filippo ◽  
M.F. Apparicio ◽  
J.J. Fagliari ◽  
...  

Thirty health queens were submitted to ovariectomy by conventional technique or by videolaparoscopy. In order to study the intensity of inflammatory response by means of acute phase protein analysis and white blood cell count, serum samples were taken before and until 144 hours after the surgical procedures. The protein concentrations that were significantly increased 24 hours after surgical procedures were: ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and α1-acid glycoprotein, 69.8%, 103.5%, 117.3%, and 199.0%, respectively, for conventional ovariectomy; and 22.3%, 46.1%, 79.8%, and 74.6%, respectively, for laparoscopic ovariectomy. Therefore, inflammatory response was more intense in queens submitted to conventional ovariectomy. Results indicate that the increase or decrease in acute phase proteins, as well as in white blood cells count, may be useful in the evaluation of inflammatory response induced by these surgical procedures.


2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jawor ◽  
S. Steiner ◽  
T. Stefaniak ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
A. Rzasa

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A determination in the monitoring of the treatment of limb diseases in dairy cows. Fourteen lame cows were examined, while 10 clinically healthy cows constituted the control group. Blood samples from the ill animals were collected on three occasions: (1) upon arrival at the clinic, (2) between the third and sixth day after arriving, and (3) upon return to the owner. Blood samples from the control cows were collected once. Plasma levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and total serum protein and its fractions (albumin, &alpha;-, &beta;-, &gamma;-globulins) were measured. Significantly higher fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A levels were observed in the affected cows upon arrival at the clinic than in the control cows. Based on the changes in fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A concentrations, the cows were divided into those with a systematic decrease in acute-phase protein levels during treatment (Group I, <I>n</I> = 6) and those which showed an increase in one or more acute-phase proteins despite treatment (Group II, <I>n</I> = 8). A stepwise decrease in the examined acute-phase proteins was observed in the first group and indicated an uncomplicated course of treatment; however, treatment of the second group did not appear to be wholly successful. A majority of the cows under treatment (<I>n</I> = 13) exhibited abnormal levels of the examined acute-phase proteins upon return to the owner. This indicates that these patients did not recover completely. The monitoring of plasma acute-phase protein concentrations can be a valuable complement to the clinical assessment of the treatment course and in the early detection of disease complications.


1965 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rowen ◽  
Myrtle A. Wiest

A new acute phase plasma component has been found in mice exposed to certain toxic materials and pathogenic bacteria. The abnormal component, detected by immunodiffusion employing absorbed antiserum, was chiefly studied in plasma of streptolysin O-treated mice where it appears within 24 hours after intravenous administration of a sublethal dose of the toxin. The new factor is a protein having the electrophoretic mobility of a slow α2-globulin. It is devoid of lipid and separate from the streptolysin O inhibitory lipoprotein that is also induced by administration of the streptococcal toxin. The factor, moreover, appears clearly distinct from haptoglobin or C-reactive protein and seems to be a unique type of acute phase protein. Its partial purification by starch block electrophoresis is described. A number of toxic materials other than streptolysin O, i.e. saponin, Cl. welchii phospholipase C (α-toxin), and endotoxins, were found to elicit the abnormal protein in mice. Phospholipase A (Crotalus adamanteus venom) and staphylococcal α-toxin failed to cause its appearance. Plasma samples of mice acutely infected with Group A streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus or pneumococcus uniformly contained the abnormal component. The significance of this acute phase protein has been considered in relation to the streptolysin O inhibitor and to the acute phase proteins of other animal species. It has been suggested that production of the new component and of the streptolysin O inhibitor may be manifestations of a single process constituting a physiological response to a variety of deleterious agents.


2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
J.R. Amory ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
G.P. Pearce ◽  
P.D. Eckersall ◽  
F. Lampreave ◽  
...  

Respiratory health is an important aspect of pig production due to its effects on pig performance and welfare. Haptoglobin, an acute phase protein, has been identified as a sensitive indicator of infection with respiratory pathogens such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and has been suggested as a possible marker for non-specific surveillance of pig health status (Heergaard et al., 1998). Other acute phase proteins such as Major Acute Phase protein (MAP) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) may also be of use in disease surveillance. However, little is known about the variation of these proteins and their associations with post-mortem signs of disease in the pig. This information could be of importance in monitoring herd health and in facilitating ante- and post-mortem inspection by identifying diseased animals. This study was designed to determine whether various acute phase proteins could be used to identify enzootic or pleuropneumonia in individual pigs or farms with increased prevalence of these diseases.


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