scholarly journals Ecological requirements of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis [L.] CRANTZ.) and service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) in relation with their utilization in forestry and landscape

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paganová
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forests ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Wild Service Tree ◽  
Ecological Differences

Environmental conditions in sites with service tree and wild service tree are assessed and some ecological differences between them are also identified. Both species are regarded as prospective woody plants with a possibility of wider utilization in forestry and landscape arrangements. They are tolerant to direct sunlight and short-time water deficit in the soils, therefore they are suitable for the afforestation of arid and warm sites (even clear unstocked areas). They prefer soils with favourable physical characteristics and adsorbing complex with acid to neutral soil reaction. Both the mentioned taxa have valuable timber, so the potential of their utilization in forestry is also in conditions of oak and beech-oak forests. They should be used as valuable admixture in oak forests or substitute the sensitive beech in drier sites of oak-beech forests.

scholarly journals The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kryżar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Wild Service Tree

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.

scholarly journals The spread of Impatiens parviflora DC. in Central European oak forests – another stage of invasion?

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Reczyńska ◽  
Krzysztof Świerkosz ◽  
Zygmunt Dajdok
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Ellenberg Indicator Values ◽  
Central European ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Habitat Niche ◽  
Impatiens Parviflora ◽  
European Oak

In this study, we examine the pattern of occurrence of <em>Impatiens parviflora</em> in Central European oak forests over time and its ecological requirements within these types of communities. Research was based on phytosociological data collected in 3776 relevés. A modified TWINSPAN algorithm were used to distinguish the groups of oak forests. The ecological preferences of the <em>I. parviflora</em> and studied communities as well as differences between invaded and non-invaded vegetation plots were analyzed using mean weighted Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs). Finally, both the temporal pattern of <em>I. parviflora</em> participation and changes in its coverage in the studied communities were analyzed. Our study confirmed a high adaptability of this species with respect to temperature, moisture, soil reaction and nutrients and determined its broad ecological optimum in oak forests. However, it also revealed both a greater sensitivity of some communities within Central European oak forests to the invasion of <em>I. parviflora</em> and differences in habitat conditions between invaded and non-invaded vegetation plots. This suggests that the habitat niche of <em>I. parviflora</em> within oak forests is not accidental. The analysis of temporal changes in the frequency of <em>I. parviflora</em> confirmed a 20% increase in relevés over the last 50 years. However, we did not identify any statistically significant rise in the coverage of <em>I. parviflora</em> in oak forests specifically during the studied period.

Micropropagation of Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis [L.] Crantz): The Regulative Role of Different Aromatic Cytokinins During Organogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Malá ◽  
Pavlína Máchová ◽  
Helena Cvrčková ◽  
Michal Karady ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Aromatic Cytokinins ◽  
Wild Service Tree ◽  
Regulative Role

scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

scholarly journals Microclimatic Tipping Points at the Beech–Oak Ecotone in the Western Romanian Carpathians

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hohnwald ◽  
Adrian Indreica ◽  
Helge Walentowski ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Romanian Carpathians

European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is a drought-sensitive species that likely will retreat from its xeric distribution edges in the course of climate warming. Physiological measurements indicate that the species may not only be sensitive to soil water deficits, but also to high temperatures and elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (vpd). Through microclimatological measurements in the stand interior across near-natural beech forest–oak forest ecotones, we searched for microclimatic tipping points in the contact zone with the aim to define the thermic and hydrometeorological limits of beech more precisely. In three transects in the foothills of the Romanian western Carpathians, we measured in mid-summer 2019 air temperature, relative air humidity, and vpd at 2 m height in the stand interior across the ecotone from pure oak to pure beech forests, and compared the readings to the microclimate in forest gaps. Mean daytime temperature (T) and vpd were by 2 K and 2 hPa, respectively, higher in the oak forests than the beech forests; the extremes differed even more. Especially in the second half of the day, the oak forests heated up and were more xeric than the beech forests. Part of the differences is explained by the elevation difference between oak and beech forests (200–300 m), but species differences in canopy structure, leaf area, and canopy transmissivity enhance the microclimatic contrast. Our T and vpd data point to thresholds at about 30 °C and 25 hPa as maxima tolerated by beech in the lowermost shade canopy for extended periods. In conclusion, the rather sharp stand microclimatic gradient demonstrated here for the xeric distribution limit of beech may well be the decisive factor that hinders the spread of beech into the warmer oak forests.

Phenotypic Correlation Between Selected Characters of Parent Trees and Progenies in Wild Service Tree (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Saravi ◽  
M. Tabari ◽  
K. Espahbodi ◽  
H.M. Nodoushan ◽  
B. Enayati
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Wild Service Tree

Diversity and ecology of oak forests in SW Poland (Sudetes Mts.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Reczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Test ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Ellenberg Indicator Values ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Deep Soils

This paper presents a typology of oak forest communities in SW Poland. Numerical classification and ordination methods were applied to distinguish the main vegetation units and to identify the environmental gradients affecting their composition. The ecological preferences of the studied communities were analysed using both measured variables and Ellenberg indicator values combined with a modified permutation test. Six vegetation units were distinguished: the association Viscario vulgaris-Quercetum petraeae mainly occurs on shallow, skeletal soils on nutrient-poor substrates in dry habitats, the association Luzulo luzuloidis-Quercetum petraeae in oligotrophic, dry-mesic habitats on moderately steep slopes and plateaux, the association Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Quercetum petraeae in mesic, oligo- and mesotrophic habitats on gentle slopes and plateaux, the community Galium verum-Quercus petraea on ultrabasic substrates of serpentine monadnocks, the association Sorbo torminalis-Quercetum in dry-mesic, mesotrophic habitats on steep, sunny slopes with initial, but relatively mineral-rich soils, and the association Melico pictae-Quercetum roboris in mesic, mesotrophic habitats with deep soils and mineral-rich substrates on gentle slopes and plateaux. The species composition of the syntaxa identified here is mainly influenced by the type of bedrock (particularly its base-richness), soil reaction and nutrients. If there are no differences in base-richness, the second most important factors are those associated with land relief (especially slope inclination) affecting light availability and moisture.

scholarly journals Ecology and distribution of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. in Slovakia

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paganová
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
Wild Service Tree

Wild service tree belongs among rare woody plants tolerant to higher temperatures and low soil humidity. There are available data from analyses of 34 wild service tree localities in Slovakia. The majority of analyzed localities (70%) were on south-exposed stands (SE, S, SW); 97% of these were in altitudes up to 600 m. Wild service tree prefers biotopes of the oak-hornbeam forests. The highest frequency of this woody plant was found in group of forest site types <I>Fageto-Quercetum</I>. According to altitudinal vegetation stages, the majority of stands (85%) were in the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> vegetation stage, where potential evapotranspiration is higher than the sum of precipitation. From March to September the water deficit is approximately 100–150 mm. The most frequent are stands with mountain climate (62%) with prevalence of moderately warm (38%) and warm (15%) climate. Wild service tree grows mainly on soils with favourable physical characteristics and adsorbing complex (65% of stands). The soils are fertile and well supplied with nutrients (Luvisols, Cambisols). Some localities (35%) have soils rich in minerals; however, their soil chemistry is one-sided, so they are mostly little fertile (Rendzinas). Regarding the water content in soils, Cambisols have generally sufficient water supply; Luvisols have lower water supply with a possibility of their aridization; Rendzinas are mostly loose soils with good permeability, regarding their shallow profile with lower water capacity they have usually less water supply. According to the obtained data, it is possible to evaluate wild service tree as a light-demanding woody plant with requirements for higher temperatures and higher contents of nutrients in soil, able to grow on drier soils with infrequent occurrence of water deficit. With regard to the expected changes of global climate, wild service tree should substitute some tender woody plants with higher sensitivity to drought in landscape as well as in forestry.

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