scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel amoxicillin/sulbactam/prednisolone intramammary infusion in lactating cows after repeated administrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
GQ Wu ◽  
SS Tang ◽  
XL Xiao ◽  
JC Li
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a novel anti-mastitis preparation, amoxicillin/sulbactam/prednisolone intramammary infusion (CAIMM), containing 200 mg amoxicillin, 50 mg sulbactam and 10 mg prednisolone per 3 g formulation, in healthy lactating cows after repeated administrations. A parallel study was performed using the available combination product (Synulox<sup>&reg;</sup> LC) from Pfizer, with the aim of comparing the two formulations. The concentrations of drugs in quarter milk were determined using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method. No significant difference in the major PK parameters (C<sub>max</sub>, T<sub>max</sub>, MRT, t<sub>1/2&lambda;</sub>, and AUC<sub>last</sub>) was observed. The MIC<sub>90</sub> determined in 106 isolated Staphylococcus spp., 64 Streptococcus spp. and 18 Escherichia coli strains was 0.5, 0.25 and 2 &mu;g/ml, respectively. The PK/PD evaluation showed that the effective duration of action (t &gt; MIC<sub>90</sub>) for CAIMM (42 &plusmn; 2.46 h) was increased by 0.86 times compared with Synulox<sup>&reg;</sup> LC (34 &plusmn; 3.17&nbsp;h), but the difference was not significant (P &gt; 0.05). This pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study revealed that CAIMM maintained high concentrations in quarter milk for the three ingredients after repeated intramammary administrations and a similar efficacy was achieved with Synulox<sup>&reg;</sup> LC. &nbsp;

Evaluation of the Interference of Hemoglobin Variant J-Bangkok on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Measurement by Five Different Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
Dong-Mei Wen ◽  
Sheng-Nan Xu ◽  
Wei-Jia Wang ◽  
Xiu-Ming Zhang ◽  
Ming-Huan Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Hemoglobin Variant ◽  
Deming Regression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immuno Assay ◽  
Hba1c Measurement ◽  
Significant Interference

Abstract Objective The interference of the hemoglobin variant (Hb J-Bangkok) was evaluated on 4 different glycated hemoglobin assays and compared with a reference immuno assay. Methods An overall test of coincidence of 2 least-squares linear regression lines was performed to determine whether the presence of Hb J-Bangkok caused a statistically significant difference in HbA1c results compared with a reference immuno assay. Statistical analysis was performed on the difference of the estimated average glucose calculated from HbA1c values and fasting plasma glucose in the Hb J-Bangkok variant group using the different detection systems. Deming regression analysis was used to determinate whether Hb J-Bangkok had a significant interference on HbA1c results using an HbA1c±10% relative bias at 6% and 9% HbA1c as evaluation limits. Results Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay method, and enzymatic methods were not affected by Hb J-Bangkok. However, Hb J-Bangkok showed statistically significant interference to the two ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Conclusion When performing HbA1c tests, clinical laboratory personnel should identify the Hb variant and select the appropriate methods or use alternative indicators.

scholarly journals Levels of Key Enzymes of Methionine-Homocysteine Metabolism in Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Pérez-Sepúlveda ◽  
Pedro P. España-Perrot ◽  
Ximena Fernández B ◽  
Verónica Ahumada ◽  
Vicente Bustos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Snp Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine

Objective. To evaluate the role of key enzymes in the methionine-homocysteine metabolism (MHM) in the physiopathology of preeclampsia (PE).Methods. Plasma and placenta from pregnant women (32 controls and 16 PE patients) were analyzed after informed consent. Protein was quantified by western blot. RNA was obtained with RNA purification kit and was quantified by reverse transcritase followed by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Identification of the C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and A2756G methionine synthase (MTR) SNP was performed using PCR followed by a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) were measured in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). The SNP association analysis was carried out using Fisher’s exact test. Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann-Whitney test.Results. RNA expression of MTHFR and MTR was significantly higher in patients with PE as compared with controls. Protein, SAM, and SAH levels showed no significant difference between preeclamptic patients and controls. No statistical differences between controls and PE patients were observed with the different SNPs studied.Conclusion. The RNA expression of MTHFR and MTR is elevated in placentas of PE patients, highlighting a potential compensation mechanism of the methionine-homocysteine metabolism in the physiopathology of this disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of incapacitation during +Gz induced loss of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
MD Sharma ◽  
P Biswal ◽  
N Taneja ◽  
A Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Occurrence of G induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) during centrifuge training is a known entity. The Indian Air Force is currently undertaking high G training of its fighter pilots in High Performance Human Centrifuge (HPHC) which has significantly higher operational capabilities. The study aimed to analyse the incapacitation periods and myoclonic jerks associated with G-LOC occurring during HPHC training. Material and Methods: Records of episodes of 161 G-LOC during closed loop Rapid Onset Rates (ROR) runs over a period of 7 years from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. The video recordings of these G-LOC episodes were assessed in terms of the participant demographics, +Gz onset rates, incapacitation periods, and presence or absence of myoclonic jerks during the G-LOC episodes. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze the incapacitation periods and the duration of the myoclonic flail movements. Single tailed t-test was used to analyze the difference between the incapacitation periods of the aircrew who suffered myoclonic flail movements and those who did not. One-way ANOVA was carried out to assess the differences in incapacitation periods, if any, between aircrew of different age groups. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of these 161 episodes of G-LOC, 43.5% were seen in trainee aircrew. The mean Absolute Incapacitation Period (AIP), Relative Incapacitation Period (RIP) and Total Incapacitation Period (TIP) was 6.9 ± 2.3 s, 12.2 ± 4.7 s, and 19.1 ± 5.5 respectively. Age and flying experience did not show any significant effect with any of the incapacitation periods (p>0.05). The TIP correlated better with the RIP than with the AIP (Pearson’s correlation values of 0.9 and 0.52 respectively). Myoclonic flail movements were witnessed in 25.5% of G-LOC episodes with an average duration of 5.3 s and more than 50% occurring at ≥8Gz. The mean duration of RIP was significantly higher (P=0.03) when G-LOC was associated with myoclonic flail movements, whereas, the duration of AIP did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: The shorter incapacitation periods observed in the study compared to that reported in most of the previous studies could be attributed to the faster Gz offset rates of the present HPHC. Episodes of G-LOC having myoclonic movements were found to have higher relative incapacitation periods. Even though these movements were associated with G-LOC occurring at higher Gz levels, the durations were independent of the Gz levels.

scholarly journals Fate and mass loading of antibiotics in hospital and domestic wastewater treatment plants in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donwichai Sinthuchai ◽  
Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon ◽  
Pitchaya Piyaviriyakul ◽  
Narin Boontanon ◽  
Ranjna Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, especially in low- to middle-income countries. This study investigated the occurrence, relative abundance, and fate of eight antibiotics at each treatment stage in four domestic and four hospital wastewater treatment plants (dWWTPs and hWWTPs, respectively), as well as mass loadings into the receiving water environments in Bangkok, Thailand. Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Antibiotic concentrations were higher in hWWTPs than dWWTPs; approximately 60 times for influents and 10 times for effluents. Ciprofloxacin concentration increased in most dWWTPs, especially in the aeration unit and return sludge, suggesting that it predominantly occurred in the solid phase. Sulfamethoxazole predominantly occurred in the dissolved form, which is more difficult to degrade, and exhibited high concentrations in effluent. Moreover, antibiotic pollutant loadings were approximately 30–3,530 times higher from dWWTPs than from hWWTPs due to higher daily discharges from the domestic sector. These plants are a major point source of antibiotic residue release to aquatic environments; thus, their efficiency should be improved by incorporating advanced treatment processes to ensure effective removal of antibiotics.

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