Modelling and Simulation of Light and Temperature Efficient Interdigitated Back- Surface-Contact Solar Cell with 28.81% Efficiency Rate

Back-contact solar cells improve optical properties by moving all electrically conducting parts to the back of the cell. The cell's structure allows silicon solar cells to surpass the 25% efficiency barrier and interdigitated solar cells are now the most efficient. In this work, the fabrication of a light efficient and temperature resistant interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is investigated. This form of solar cell differs from conventional solar cell in that the electrodes are located at the back of the cell, eliminating the need for grids on the top, allowing the full surface area of the cell to receive sunlight, resulting in increased efficiency. In this project, we will use SILVACO TCAD, an optoelectronic device simulator, to construct a very thin solar cell with dimensions of 100x250um in 2D Luminous. The influence of sunlight intensity and atmospheric temperature on solar cell output power is highly essential and it has been explored in this work. The cell's optimum performance with 150um bulk thickness provides 28.81% efficiency with 87.68% fill factor rate making it very thin, flexible and resilient providing diverse operational capabilities.

Modelling and Simulation of Light and Temperature Efficient Interdigitated Back- Surface-Contact Solar Cell with 28.81% Efficiency Rate

Back-contact solar cells improve optical properties by moving all electrically conducting parts to the back of the cell. The cell's structure allows silicon solar cells to surpass the 25% efficiency barrier and interdigitated solar cells are now the most efficient. In this work, the fabrication of a light efficient and temperature resistant interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is investigated. This form of solar cell differs from conventional solar cell in that the electrodes are located at the back of the cell, eliminating the need for grids on the top, allowing the full surface area of the cell to receive sunlight, resulting in increased efficiency. In this project, we will use SILVACO TCAD, an optoelectronic device simulator, to construct a very thin solar cell with dimensions of 100x250um in 2D Luminous. The influence of sunlight intensity and atmospheric temperature on solar cell output power is highly essential and it has been explored in this work. The cell's optimum performance with 150um bulk thickness provides 28.81% efficiency with 87.68% fill factor rate making it very thin, flexible and resilient providing diverse operational capabilities.

Influence of Grain Shape in Grinding Wheels on the Machining Quality of Bearing Rings

The quality of grinding of bearing races is related to their performance and durability. The aim of this work is to establish how the machining quality of bearing rings depends on the characteristics of grinding wheels, in particular, on such a parameter as the shape of abrasive grains. Several batches of experimental grinding wheels were made, containing grains of different shapes (from isometric to lamellar varieties). Quantitatively, the shape of the grains was estimated by the shape factor parameter (SF), which is equal to the ratio of the diameters of inscribed and circumscribed circles in the contours of the used grains. The shape factor was determined using a scanner or a digital microscope and a special computer program. The tests were carried out on circular, plunge, and finishing grinding, using coolant, on a SIW 4E machine in a bearing factory. The machining quality of the bearing rings was assessed by studying the microstructure, microhardness and roughness of their bearing races. The durability of grinding wheels was determined by the number of machined rings before maximum tool wear. It has been established that by a differentiated approach to the choice of grain shapes in the wheel, it is possible to significantly increase its operational capabilities: increase the microhardness of the ground surfaces, reduce the roughness of processing, and increase the durability of grinding wheels.

Organizational E-Readiness for the Digital Transformation of Primary Healthcare Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to implement a variety of restrictive measures to prevent it from spreading more widely, including the introduction of medical teleconsultations and the use of various tools in the field of inpatient telemedicine care. Digital technologies provide a wide range of treatment options for patients, and at the same time pose a number of organizational challenges for medical entities. Therefore, the question arises of whether organizations are ready to use modern telemedicine tools during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to examine two factors that impact the level of organizational e-readiness for digital transformation in Polish primary healthcare providers (PHC). The first factor comprises operational capabilities, which are the sum of valuable, scarce, unique, and irreplaceable resources and the ability to use them. The second factor comprises technological capabilities, which determine the adoption and usage of innovative technologies. Contrary to the commonly analyzed impacts of technology on operational capabilities, we state the reverse hypothesis. The verification confirms the significant influence of operational capabilities on technological capabilities. The research is conducted using a questionnaire covering organizational e-readiness for digital transformation prepared by the authors. Out of the 32 items examined, four are related to the operational capabilities and four to the technological capabilities. The result of our evaluation shows that: (i) a basic set of four variables can effectively measure the dimensions of OC, namely the degree of agility, level of process integration, quality of resources, and quality of cooperation; (ii) a basic set of three variables can effectively measure the dimensions of TC, namely adoption and usage of technologies, customer interaction, and process automation; (iii) the empirical results show that OC is on a higher level than TC in Polish PHCs; (iv) the assessment of the relationship between OC and TC reveals a significant influence of operational capabilities on technological capabilities with a structural coefficient of 0.697. We recommend increasing the level of technological capability in PHC providers in order to improve the contact between patients and general practitioners (GPs) via telemedicine in lockdown conditions.

Key Function of the Bank of Russia: Contradictions and Problems

The article examines the most important categories, mechanisms, and instruments of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia from the point of view of both its development and its implementation. The essence, origins and driving forces of the main contradiction of Russia's monetary policy are revealed. It is shown that monetary policy, along with the economic policy of the state, should act as a regulator of important meanings of human existence, such as the growth of real incomes of the population, directly affecting the redistribution of money – this market form of universal requirement for part of the national wealth. The author's position is presented, according to which inflation is not so much a macroeconomic indicator, as it is often customary to treat this phenomenon, as a fundamental process of a market economy that determines the redistribution of national wealth between economic entities through money. The authors identified and described the main problems and local contradictions in the development and implementation of a unified state monetary policy, presented a detailed description of these phenomena. The methodology of dialectical-systemic and logical analysis, which was used by the authors as a research tool, allowed for the first time to formulate the main contradiction of the unified state monetary policy. The presented formulation reflects the essential principles of the poles of contradiction – the contradiction between form and content. In order to solve the problems identified and existing for a long time, the authors justify the need to take priority organizational and legal measures, first of all, changing the statute, reforming functions, strengthening operational capabilities and staffing of the National Financial Council.

IoT-based Application of Information Security Triad

Information Security is the foremost concern for IoT (Internet of things) devices and applications. Since the advent of IoT, its applications and devices have experienced an exponential increase in numerous applications which are utilized. Nowadays we people are becoming smart because we started using smart devices like a smartwatch, smart TV, smart home appliances. These devices are part of the IoT devices. The IoT device differs widely in capacity storage, size, computational power, and supply of energy. With the rapid increase of IoT devices in different IoT fields, information security, and privacy are not addressed well. Most IoT devices having constraints in computational and operational capabilities are a threat to security and privacy, also prone to cyber-attacks. This study presents a CIA triad-based information security implementation for the four-layer architecture of the IoT devices. An overview of layer-wise threats to the IoT devices and finally suggest CIA triad-based security techniques for securing the IoT devices.

Creation of large-scale thin-walled welded panels of high strength from aluminum-magnesium alloys for construction of high-speed vessels of a new type for operation in the Arctic

A new high-strength material has been developed – large-scale thin-walled welded panels made of aluminum-magnesium alloy 1565ch. Its use, combined with modern achievements in the field of strength and aerohydrodynamics, made it possible to create a multifunctional economy skeg-type hovercraft “Haska 10” with unique operational capabilities.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION BETWEEN DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND FIRM CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTS

The interpretation of managers of environmental changes helps in identifying the gaps between the environment and a firm’s capabilities. This in turn can support a firm’s ability to use dynamic capabilities in an effective way to reconfigure the firm’s resources into new operational capabilities that better match the environment and to exploit environmental opportunities. However, extant studies have ignored the moderating role of managers’ interpretation of environmental changes in the capabilities building paradigm. This study empirically examines the moderating role of environmental interpretation in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and improvement capabilities. To operationalise environmental interpretation to enable the development of a measurable model for this construct, which has yet to be developed, 209 large manufacturing firms were selected as a sample to study the relationship between environmental interpretation and firm’s capabilities. By applying the PLS-SEM technique, this study finds that environmental interpretation moderates the relationship between learning capability, integrating capability and coordinating capability and improvement capability.

Technology Adaption As Survival Strategy For Small And Medium Enterprises During COVID-19

Globally, business and operational capabilities of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been enormously affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, forcing many to use technology and innovation rather than the more traditional methods of operations. Although we do not yet know to the extent to which Oman’s SMEs have adopted these technological transformations, we investigate this, and assess the impact of it, in this study. We empirically examine how Covid-19 accelerated technology use in the SMEs in Oman and test nine hypotheses applying paired t-test and Pearson correlation. The results show strong correlations between technology use before and during Covid-19 (r = .823, p < 0.01); technology use during Covid-19 and in future (r = .659, p < 0.01); and technology use before Covid-19 and in future (r = .612, p < 0.01). We conclude that this use of technology has been a survival strategy during the pandemic and that highly digitized SMEs are more likely to adopt Industry 4.0 technology.