scholarly journals The role of Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in transferring uropodine mites in a mountain spruce forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kršiak ◽  
P. Zach ◽  
J. Kulfan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Assemblage Structure ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The bark beetle Hylastes cunicularius was studied in the Tatra Mountains, West Carpathians, to clarify its role in transferring phoretic uropodine mites during dispersal in a mountain spruce forest. Emphasis was placed on the proportion of beetles vectoring deutonymphs of uropodine mites, and on assemblage structure, frequency distribution and placement of uropodids on the bark beetle vector. A total of 3,302 adults of H. cunicularius were caught into flight interception traps, of which 529 (16%) vectored a total of 1,020 individuals and four species of uropodine mites: Trichouropoda pecinai Hirschmann & Wisniewski, Trichouropoda obscura (C.L.Koch), Uroobovella vinicolora (Vitzthum), Uroobovella ipidis (Vitzthum). The uropodine mite assemblage was dominated by T. pecinai, which represented 94.6% of the collected mite individuals. T. pecinai and U. vinicolora were documented as new associates of H. cunicularius. Frequency distribution of uropodids on the beetle was L-shaped. The number of vectored mites and the number of dispersing individuals of H. cunicularius were positively correlated.

scholarly journals Conditions of spatiotemporal variability of the thickness of the ice cover on lakes in the Tatra Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2369-2386
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Solarski ◽  
Mirosław Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in high-mountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains (UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW (Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes.

scholarly journals Microdistributions of stoneflies of the High Tatra montane streams

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iľja Krno ◽  
Jana Ciceková ◽  
Andrea Rúfusová
Keyword(s):  
Total Density ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
Montane Streams ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

AbstractStonefly samples were collected from disturbed and undisturbed tributaries of the Tatra Mountains streams (the West Carpathians). In the autumn, at stable low discharge, the total density of stoneflies was significantly higher in the undisturbed streams. Microhabitats such as macrolithal (boulders), mesolithal (stones) and moss had higher stonefly density. Taxa of different species or genera have different demands for microhabitats. Very narrow spatial niches were found for the genera

The Cable Car at Kasprowy Wierch: An Environmental Debate in Interwar Poland

Slavic Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stone
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Interwar Poland ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The construction of a cable car in 1935 by Minister Aleksander Bobkowski halted the proclamation of a Polish National Park in the Tatra Mountains near Zakopane. A press and letter-writing campaign organized by Polish environmentalists, headed by Professor Wladyslaw Szafer and the Tatra Society, subsequently convinced the government to create a park. This debate also concerned the architectural aesthetics of the cable car buildings. The episode sheds light on the development of environmentalism in Poland during the partition era and in interwar Poland, as well as related discussions on the role of technology in modern life and aesthetics. Overall, the episode reveals the existence of two competing views of modern society.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sentinel-2 Images, Support Vector Machines and Change Detection Algorithms for Bark Beetle Outbreaks Mapping in the Tatra Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3314
Author(s):  
Robert Migas-Mazur ◽  
Marlena Kycko ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Bogdan Zagajewski
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machines ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Sentinel 2

Cambiophagous insects, fires and windthrow cause significant forest disturbances, generating ecological changes and economical losses. The bark beetle (Ips typographus L.), inhabiting coniferous forests and eliminating weakened trees, plays a key role in posing a threat to tree stands, which are dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) and covers a large part of mountain areas, as well as the lowlands of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. Due to the dynamics of the phenomena taking place, the EU recommends constant monitoring of forests in terms of large-area disturbances and factors affecting tree stands’ susceptibility to destruction. The right tools for this are multispectral satellite images, which regularly and free of charge provide up-to-date information on changes in the environment. The aim of this study was to develop a method of identifying disturbances of spruce stands, including the identification of bark beetle outbreaks. Sentinel 2 images from 2015–2018 were used for this purpose; the reference data were high-resolution aerial images, satellite WorldView 2, as well as field verification data. Support Vector Machines (SVM) distinguished six classes: deciduous forests, coniferous forests, grasslands, rocks, snags (dieback of standing trees) and cuts/windthrow. Remote sensing vegetation indices, Multivariate Alteration Detection (MAD), Multivariate Alteration Detection/Maximum Autocorrelation Factor (MAD/MAF), iteratively re-weighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (iMAD) and trained SVM signatures from another year, stacked band rasters allowed us to identify: (1) no changes; (2) dieback of standing trees; (3) logging or falling down of trees. The overall accuracy of the SVM classification oscillated between 97–99%; it was observed that in 2015–2018, as a result of the windthrow and bark beetle outbreaks and the consequences of those natural disturbances (e.g., sanitary cuts), approximately 62.5 km2 of coniferous stands (29%) died in the studied area of the Tatra Mountains.

Tree and stand-level patterns and predictors of Norway spruce mortality caused by bark beetle infestation in the Tatra Mountains

2015 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Sproull ◽  
Michał Adamus ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Tomasz Krzyżanowski ◽  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Spruce Mortality ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

Landscape-Level Spruce Mortality Patterns and Topographic Forecasters of Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Managed and Unmanaged Forests of the Tatra Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Sproull ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Neil Mcnutt ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Spruce Mortality ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Landscape Level

scholarly journals Cellulose decomposition rate and features of organic matter in forest soils in the Tatra mountains

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
K. Wasak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

The cellulose decomposition rate measurement and soil micromorphology have been used to determine the influence of parent material and tree species on mechanisms responsible for organic matter form differentiation in woodland soils in the Tatra Mountains in Poland. The study area is located in the lower montane belt of the Tatra Mountains. Investigated soils are developed on dolomites and shale. In the past, beech and beech-fir forests had been the dominant form of vegetation in the study area. Since the 16th century, these areas were deforested until the 19th century, when reforestation efforts were undertaken. Reforestation efforts provided mainly spruce; hence, it is the dominant species in the lower montane belt at the moment, although in some areas, natural or semi-natural beech and beech-fir forests have survived. Four plots were compared – two with soils developed on calcareous material (Rendzic Leptosols), one under beech forest and one under spruce forest, and two developed on shale (Haplic Cambisols), one under beech forest and one under spruce forest. Cellulose filters were placed in organic O-horizons and humus A-horizons in every plot to measure the cellulose decomposition rate. Before being placed in the soil, cellulose filters were boiled in KOH, rinsed in distilled water, dried, weighed, and set on glass plates in a nylon bag (1.5 mm mesh). The bags were placed in the soil vertically at approx. 15 cm intervals. After taken up, the filters were boiled in KOH, rinsed, dried, and weighed. The amount of ash was determined via combustion. The research was carried out during a period of 10 weeks between June and August as well as during a period of 1 year. Measurements were repeated ten times. A weighted average and standard deviation were calculated for every plot. The cellulose filter method is useful because of the homogeneity of the substrate, which helps to exclude differences connected with the chemical composition of the plant material, a factor that affects the decomposition rate. Undisturbed soil samples were taken from humus A-horizons in every soil profile. The thin sections were prepared and features of organic matter were described. It was concluded that the presence of calcarous material negatively affects organic matter decomposition rates which is pronounced in both: higher amount of organic matter residues in humus-A horizons and slower cellulose decomposition rates in Rendzic Leptosols than in Haplic Cabisols. The influence of tree species on organic matter features is observed only in Haplic Cambisols, where the cellulose decomposition rate under spruce is lower than under beech. This suggests that tree species indirectly affect the cellulitic microflora only in acidic soils.

scholarly journals LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and REE patterns of apatite from the Tatra Mountains, Poland as a monitor of the regional tectonomagmatic activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gawęda ◽  
Krzysztof Szopa ◽  
David Chew
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Closure Temperature ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
Ree Patterns ◽  
Lree Depletion ◽  
Magma Series

Abstract This study presents apatite LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age and trace elements concentrations data from different granite types from the Tatra Mountains, Poland. Apatite from monazite and xenotime-bearing High Tatra granite was dated at 339 ± 5 Ma. The apatite LREE patterns reflect two types of magmas that contributed to this layered magma series. Apatite from a hybrid allanite-bearing diorite from the Goryczkowa Unit was dated at 340 ± 4 Ma with apatite LREE depletion reflecting the role of allanite and titanite during apatite crystallization. Apatite crystals from a hybrid cumulative rock from the Western Tatra Mountains were dated at 344 ± 3 Ma. Apatite is one of the main REE carriers in this sample and exhibit flat REE patterns. Taking into account the relatively low closure temperature of the U-Pb system in apatite (350–550°C), the c. 340 Ma apatite ages mark the end of high temperature tectonometamorphic activity in the Tatra Mountains.

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