Reaction rates in a deformable solid in terms of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
A.G. Knyazeva ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1097 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
E.S. Parfenova ◽  
Anna G. Knyazeva

The coupled model is presented to describe the elements penetration into the surface layer of metal during the process of ion implantation. Mechanical stresses arising due to the interaction of particles with the surface affect the redistribution of the implanted impurity. In addition, the existence of vacancies in the metal surface and their generation under the stresses influence are taken into account. The kinetic law is written on the basis of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The solution had been found numerically. As a result, the distributions of impurity concentration and deformations have been obtained for various time moments. The comparison of the concentration profiles with vacancies and without their have been given.


Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqi Wang ◽  
Kolumban Hutter

Author(s):  
Francisco César de Sá Barreto ◽  
Luiz Paulo Ribeiro Vaz ◽  
Gabriel Armando Pellegatti Franco

The standard cosmological model suggests that after the “Big Bang”, 14 billion of years ago, the universe entered a period of expansion and cooling. In the first one millionth of a second appear quarks, glúons, electrons and neutrinos, followed by the appearance of protons and neutrons. In this paper, we describe the “cosmic battle” between gravitation and energy, responsible for the lighter chemical elements and the formation of the stars. We describe the thermodynamics of irreversible processes of systems which are far away from equilibrium, a route that is followed by the universe, seen as a living system.


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