scholarly journals The consequences of the Romanian occupation of 1941–1944 for the Orthodox Church of Moldova

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
V.A. Sodol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Church Buildings

The article presents the facts of material damage caused by the German-Romanian invaders to the institutions of the Orthodox Church of Moldova. The analysis of the archives of the Republic of Moldova, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the works of researchers revealed three stages of damage inflicted by the invaders on religious organizations. The total amount of damage amounted to 91.5 million rubles, including church buildings – 22,580,000 rubles (including the churches of Pridnestrovie – 4,192,423 rubles). The invaders destroyed the buildings of 44 churches and 2 chapels, partially damaged 22 churches. Dozens of valuable religious shrines were removed from Moldovan churches and monasteries. The most valuable loss is a copy of the Gerbovetsky Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God (worth 120 mln rubles). The invaders also stole church utensils and priestly vestments. The motive for these actions was the alleged desire to “save” the shrines from destruction by the Bolsheviks. The leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church has repeatedly raised the question of returning the valuables taken by the occupiers to the Romanian side. However, the problem has not been solved, though a small part of the property stolen by the invaders returned to the Moldovan churches.

RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: DYNAMICS OF THEIR NUMBER (ACCORDING TO THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
R.R. MUKHAMADEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the dynamics of the registration of religious organizations in the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), as well as the ratio of religious organizations by the type of religion, belonging to the Administration of Muslims, the diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, type of settlement, districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, districts of Ufa in the general composition of all religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research results given in this article demonstrate that one-fifth of religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan to date formalized their activities in 2003; Muslim religious organizations accounted for 72.3% of all registered religious organizations; the predominance of Muslim religious organizations among the religious organizations registered annually in the Republic of Bashkortostan remains stable. The overwhelming majority of the Orthodox religious organizations belong to the Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate (ROC-MP), among the Protestant religious organizations the Pentecostal organizations comprise more than half, i.e. about 61% (60.5%). This article can be used by public authorities, researchers, students and post-graduate students.

Church–state conflict in Moldova: the Bessarabian Metropolitanate

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Turcescu ◽  
Lavinia Stan
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
European Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
Romanian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The article’s main focus is the relationship between the re-established Bessarabian Orthodox Metropolitanate and the government of the post-Soviet Republic of Moldova. The article demonstrates that the Moldovan government refused recognition to the nascent church until 2002 primarily for two reasons: first and foremost, the Moscow Patriarchate opposed the idea of another Orthodox Christian church in Moldova outside of its jurisdiction; second, the government feared that the newly independent Republic of Moldova would fall under the influence of neighboring Romania, whose Orthodox Church offered patronage to the Bessarabian Metropolitanate. After a historical overview of the Orthodox Church in the Republic of Moldova, the article first presents and analyzes the history of the conflict between the Bessarabian Metropolitanate and the post-Soviet Moldovan government, and second, the European Court of Human Rights verdict ordering the government to recognize the Metropolitanate, before verdict’s implementation, and reactions to it. All these are done with an eye on intra-national relations among Moldova, Romania, and Russia, as well as those between the Romanian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church in connection with this conflict.

scholarly journals The Construction of Russian Orthodox Churches in Erebuni

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
В.С. Блохин
Keyword(s):  
Political Connections ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Administrative Center ◽  
Apostolic Church

Актуальность выбранной тематики определяется современным состоянием связей между Русской православной и Армянской апостольской церквами. Систематический характер данные связи приобрели после вхождения Восточной Армении в состав России. В настоящее время деятельность православных храмов на территории Армении и армянских епархий в России является одним из факторов, способствующих укреплению не только церковных, но и политических отношений между двумя государствами. Цель статьи — анализ феномена возникновения русских православных храмов в административном центре Восточной Армении — Эривани (совр. Ереван, Республика Армения), во второй половине XIX — начале XX века. Кратко приводится степень изученности указанной тематики. Предмет исследования составляет комплекс обстоятельств, связанных с процессом появления русских православных храмов в Эривани. На основании неопубликованных ранее архивных источников из фондов Национального архива Республики Армения воссозданы детали строительства церковноприходской школы и Николаевского православного кафедрального собора, показаны технические недостатки здания собора, обнаружившиеся в ходе его использования для богослужебных целей, приведены имена и фамилии первых священнослужителей собора. Проанализированный материал позволяет сформулировать вывод об укреплении к рубежу XIX–XX веков позиций Русской православной церкви в Восточной Армении в целом и в Эривани как губернском центре в частности, что было вызвано в наибольшей степени политическими мотивами: активизацией русификаторского курса в Закавказье, стремлением Российского правительства воздействовать на русских сектантов. Историческое значение процесса возникновения православных храмов в Эривани заключается, во-первых, в появлении традиций русского православия в будущей столице Армении, во-вторых, в создании обстоятельств для учреждения Эриванского (Ереванского) викариатства Русской православной церкви в 1912 году и, в-третьих, в поддержании межконфессиональных связей между Русской православной и Армянской апостольской церквами в современных условиях. The present state of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church accounts for the relevance of the issues discussed in the article. When Eastern Armenia became part of Russia, the relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church acquired a systemic character. In our time, Russian Orthodox churches functioning in the territory of Armenia and Armenian eparchies promote religious and political connections between the two countries. The aim of the article is to analyze the construction of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni, the administrative center of Eastern Armenia (now known as Yerevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia) in the late 19th— early 20th centuries. The article explores the circumstances associated with the appearance of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni. The article investigates previously unpublished archival documents stored in the National Archival Fund of the Republic of Armenia. The article reconstructs the details of the construction of St. Nicolas Orthodox Cathedral and Erebuni parochial school. The article shows some architectural drawbacks of the cathedral which became obvious when the cathedral was opened and started functioning. The article provides names and surnames of the first priests who served in the cathedral. The analyzed data enables the author to conclude that at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, the Russian Orthodox church strengthened its position in Erebuni and in Eastern Armenia, in general. The situation was politically motivated by the pro-Russian sentiments Transcaucasia and by the desire of the Russian government to exert pressure on Russian sectaries. The appearance of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni is historically significant, for it encouraged the spread of Russian Orthodox traditions in the capital of Armenia, promoted the establishment of the Armenian Apostolic Vicariate in Russia in 1912, and encouraged the inter-confessional relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church in modern conditions.

Economic basis of management of religious organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stolyarov ◽  
Svetlana Pozdnyak
Keyword(s):  
Theological Education ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
State Educational

The textbook discusses the economic basis of the economic activity of Orthodox religious organizations. Its chapters are devoted to the characteristics of the Russian Orthodox Church as an economic system, the ownership of religious organizations, their financial and economic activities, business activities, taxation, labor relations and remuneration. General laws of the main economic relations and processes, mechanisms of their implementation are revealed. Theories, concepts and approaches, possible models of successful management of religious organizations are presented. Each Chapter presents a set of tasks that make up the workshop. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher theological education. It can be useful for teachers, undergraduates, practitioners of religious organizations, as well as anyone interested in the economic problems of the Russian Orthodox Church. Will provide assistance in self-education and obtaining background information.

scholarly journals Caves in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Viktorovich Stepkin ◽  
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Gunko
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
The Village

The paper examines creation and application history of cave space in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s. Development of cave digging on these territories was promoted by the fact of their frontier position, allowing searching for a hiding place for the ideas, differing from the mainstream society. The caves use as shelters and places of worship in the Don Region is exemplified by the territory of Voronezh Region, where in the revolution period caves were dug in the chalk mass near the village of Karayashnik, and traditionally honored by the people loci of sacred space were used like caves in Divnogorye and on Shatrishche Mount. Caves near the village of Karayashnik were used as a place of worship by a conservative part of peasants being supporters of both the Patriarchal Church and the Fedorovtsy sect. Caves in Divnogorye were used by Joanites sect, caves on Shatrishche Mount were used by so-called True Orthodox Church. In addition to the chalk caves in the Don Region people used underground of houses as secret places of worship. Examples of such undergrounds are hidden caves in the villages of Troitskoe and Novopokrovka, equipped by one of communities of so-called True Orthodox Christians. The paper considers caves use in the Volga Region through the example of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, where communities of the True Orthodox Church acted, creating cult undergrounds under houses in the town of Bugulma and villages of Akkireevo, Zabugorovka, Crym-Saray Naumovka and Novoe Ilmovo. Together with territories of personal farmsteads, caves were created outside villages, usually in a forest zone. For example, near the village of Novosheshminsk there was an underground monastery, near villages of Volchya Sloboda and Elantovo there were underground temples. Activities of the underground religious communities referred to in the paper were ceased due to state punitive measures.

scholarly journals Discussion about Belarussian Church autocephaly during Nazi occupation of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
I. V. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War

In 2020 in Belarus there was an intensification of the activities of forces sympathetic to the idea of separating the Orthodox on the territory of the Republic from the Russian Orthodox Church. This kind of reaction is not new to the republic. The idea of church autocephaly was most acutely discussed during the Nazi occupation of the BSSR. A book by the Belarusian church historian Andrey Pukanov is devoted to this period of history. The basis of the book is the materials of the Belarusian press. Memories of the participants, the legacy of the Belarusian post-war emigration. The article presents a critical analysis of the book of a modern Belarusian author

The orthodox landscape in Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) before the Word War II: historical and statistical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Bakharev ◽  
Elena M. Glavatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The City ◽  
Religious Landscape

This article focuses on the decline of the Russian Orthodox Church landscape during the period 1917-1941 in one of the key Russian provincial cities — Ekaterinburg (named Sverdlovsk in 1924). It was during this period that the Soviet state carried out the most comprehensive attacks on religion, closing churches, destroying religious organizations and their buildings as well as persecuting religious leaders. We use the “religious landscape” concept to analyze the evolution of the religious situation in the city. However, we studied not only the main markers of religion in Ekaterinburg, but also the number of parishioners and the frequency of everyday religious rites. The study is based on documents extracted from the local archives and statistical aggregates. This allowed us to reconstruct the decline of the Orthodox landscape and its main features in three different periods between 1917 and 1941. We argue that the Bolsheviks’ anti-religious measures in the 1920s should be considered as part of the general European secularization, which started before 1917. The data obtained give grounds to put forward a hypothesis about the weak effect of the Bolsheviks’ measures regarding the Orthodox Church nucleus — its active parishioners, for about 25% of the city’s population kept practicing the main religious rites until the mid-1930s.

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