scholarly journals The Construction of Russian Orthodox Churches in Erebuni

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
В.С. Блохин
Keyword(s):  
Political Connections ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Parochial School ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Administrative Center ◽  
Apostolic Church

Актуальность выбранной тематики определяется современным состоянием связей между Русской православной и Армянской апостольской церквами. Систематический характер данные связи приобрели после вхождения Восточной Армении в состав России. В настоящее время деятельность православных храмов на территории Армении и армянских епархий в России является одним из факторов, способствующих укреплению не только церковных, но и политических отношений между двумя государствами. Цель статьи — анализ феномена возникновения русских православных храмов в административном центре Восточной Армении — Эривани (совр. Ереван, Республика Армения), во второй половине XIX — начале XX века. Кратко приводится степень изученности указанной тематики. Предмет исследования составляет комплекс обстоятельств, связанных с процессом появления русских православных храмов в Эривани. На основании неопубликованных ранее архивных источников из фондов Национального архива Республики Армения воссозданы детали строительства церковноприходской школы и Николаевского православного кафедрального собора, показаны технические недостатки здания собора, обнаружившиеся в ходе его использования для богослужебных целей, приведены имена и фамилии первых священнослужителей собора. Проанализированный материал позволяет сформулировать вывод об укреплении к рубежу XIX–XX веков позиций Русской православной церкви в Восточной Армении в целом и в Эривани как губернском центре в частности, что было вызвано в наибольшей степени политическими мотивами: активизацией русификаторского курса в Закавказье, стремлением Российского правительства воздействовать на русских сектантов. Историческое значение процесса возникновения православных храмов в Эривани заключается, во-первых, в появлении традиций русского православия в будущей столице Армении, во-вторых, в создании обстоятельств для учреждения Эриванского (Ереванского) викариатства Русской православной церкви в 1912 году и, в-третьих, в поддержании межконфессиональных связей между Русской православной и Армянской апостольской церквами в современных условиях. The present state of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church accounts for the relevance of the issues discussed in the article. When Eastern Armenia became part of Russia, the relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church acquired a systemic character. In our time, Russian Orthodox churches functioning in the territory of Armenia and Armenian eparchies promote religious and political connections between the two countries. The aim of the article is to analyze the construction of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni, the administrative center of Eastern Armenia (now known as Yerevan, the capital of the Republic of Armenia) in the late 19th— early 20th centuries. The article explores the circumstances associated with the appearance of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni. The article investigates previously unpublished archival documents stored in the National Archival Fund of the Republic of Armenia. The article reconstructs the details of the construction of St. Nicolas Orthodox Cathedral and Erebuni parochial school. The article shows some architectural drawbacks of the cathedral which became obvious when the cathedral was opened and started functioning. The article provides names and surnames of the first priests who served in the cathedral. The analyzed data enables the author to conclude that at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, the Russian Orthodox church strengthened its position in Erebuni and in Eastern Armenia, in general. The situation was politically motivated by the pro-Russian sentiments Transcaucasia and by the desire of the Russian government to exert pressure on Russian sectaries. The appearance of Russian Orthodox churches in Erebuni is historically significant, for it encouraged the spread of Russian Orthodox traditions in the capital of Armenia, promoted the establishment of the Armenian Apostolic Vicariate in Russia in 1912, and encouraged the inter-confessional relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Armenian Apostolic Church in modern conditions.

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS CONVERSIONS OF THE ARMENIANS TO ORTHODOXY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (MID-19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY): MOTIVES, TYPOLOGY, AND RESULTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
V. S. Blokhin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Conversions ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire

An analysis of the religious conversions of persons of Armenian confession to Orthodox allows the author to evaluate them as a special phenomenon in the history of Russian-Armenian church relations, as well as to establish the features of economic, social, national, and confessional policies of the Russian Empire in the Transcaucasus in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The sources are the unpublished documents in Russian from the collections of the National Archives of the Republic of Armenia. Based on the available archival sources, it was established that the cases of the adoption of Orthodoxy by the Armenians were caused by three motives: 1) economic, 2) various situations of a non-economic nature, and 3) coercive measures. Despite the absence of a special “Armenian mission” among the Orthodox priests, the cases of Armenians’ conversion to Orthodoxy, especially those made for economic reasons, were rather actively encouraged by the Russian Orthodox Church. For the Russian government, the Armenians who converted to Orthodoxy were seen as a reliable social base in the Transcaucasus. The relevance of studying the issue is since, in the 20th century, despite the contradictions of the synodal period, the Russian Orthodox Church built relations with the Armenian Apostolic Church based on the principles of friendship, good neighborliness, and mutual assistance. Today, this factor contributes to the strengthening of both church and political relations between Russia and Armenia.

Ransoming Russians from Tatars: Justification and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Donald Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern Russian

The early modern Russian government and Russian Orthodox Church identified as one of their main duties the ransoming of Russian Christians from Muslim Tatar captors. The process of ransoming could be an involved one with negotiations being carried on by different agents and by the potential ransomees themselves. Different amounts of ransom were paid on a sliding scale depending upon the ransomee’s social status, gender, and age. One of our main sources for the justification of this practice was the Stoglav (100 Chapters) Church Council in 1551, which discussed the issue of ransom in some detail. The Law Code (Ulozhenie) of 1649 specifies the conditions and amounts to be paid to redeem captives. Church writers justified the ransoming of Christian captives of the Muslim Tatars by citing Scripture, and they also specified that the government should pay the ransom out of its own treasury.

scholarly journals The consequences of the Romanian occupation of 1941–1944 for the Orthodox Church of Moldova

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
V.A. Sodol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Church Buildings

The article presents the facts of material damage caused by the German-Romanian invaders to the institutions of the Orthodox Church of Moldova. The analysis of the archives of the Republic of Moldova, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the works of researchers revealed three stages of damage inflicted by the invaders on religious organizations. The total amount of damage amounted to 91.5 million rubles, including church buildings – 22,580,000 rubles (including the churches of Pridnestrovie – 4,192,423 rubles). The invaders destroyed the buildings of 44 churches and 2 chapels, partially damaged 22 churches. Dozens of valuable religious shrines were removed from Moldovan churches and monasteries. The most valuable loss is a copy of the Gerbovetsky Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God (worth 120 mln rubles). The invaders also stole church utensils and priestly vestments. The motive for these actions was the alleged desire to “save” the shrines from destruction by the Bolsheviks. The leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church has repeatedly raised the question of returning the valuables taken by the occupiers to the Romanian side. However, the problem has not been solved, though a small part of the property stolen by the invaders returned to the Moldovan churches.

scholarly journals The Yedinoverie Church in the Dnipro Ukraine in the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church (the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Natalia Dianova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Article ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

In the presented scientific article, an attempt was made to study the origins of the origin of the Yedinoverie Church in the Dnipro Ukraine, the main stages of its development in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the definition of a place of common faith in the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church. Historical conditions and peculiarities of the emergence of uniformity are analyzed as a form of compromise between the Old Believers and the official Orthodox Church. The role of the Slavonic and Kherson Archbishop Nikifor (Feotoki) in the origin of the common religion and the reaction of the Holy Synod to its actions is examined. The process of creating Yedinoverie Church and the dynamics of its development in different regions of the Dnipro Ukraine is studied. In the context of the topic under consideration, scientific and interest documents are published and archived, which give an opportunity to consider certain aspects of the activities of the clergymen of the faith Edinoverie Church. The attitude of soviet power and the official Orthodox Church to the unity of faith at various stages of the period under investigation is considered. The main criteria of pressure on the Old Believers to join them in the Yedinoverie Church are clarified. It is noted that the activities of the Russian government did not bring the desired results and the number of co-religionists did not increase significantly. The reasons were the unwillingness of the Old Believers to change their spiritual priorities and the disappointment in the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church. With time, already in the first half of the XX century, the Yedinoverie Church, fulfilling its mission of associating schismatics with official Orthodoxy, became an integral part of the Russian Orthodox Church. Its church temples and monasteries gradually changed their status to Orthodox.

scholarly journals History of the Syrian Christians on the pages of the book “The Urmia Tragedy. The Life of the Holy Martyr Pimen (Belolikov, 1879–1918), Bishop of Semirechensk and Vernen”

2021 ◽  
pp. 946-952
Author(s):  
Z. P. Inozemtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The peer-reviewed monographic study by Archimandrite Damaskin (Orlovsky), dedicated to the little-studied problem of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church and the policy of the Russian government towards the Christian part of the Syrian people, has been carried out on the basis of a vast array of archival primary sources, many of which have been thus introduced into scientific use. It is noted that the peer-reviewed work is one of the first, where the author, acting simultaneously as historian and as agiator, recreates the historical canvas of the saint’s life on the basis of a comprehensive study of archival sources, including documented testimonies of persons who were canonized, but whose names and works were crossed out from the official historiography. The review shows that the historical and agiographic context of the author's study has allowed him to quickly and comprehensively recreate historical facts and events, fates of individuals and to reveal their morality. The reviewer appreciates the historical significance of the book's materials, believing that they deserve the closest attention of historians, foreign policy specialists, political scientists, clergy, scholars in historical psychology. The book will be of interest to teachers and students studying the history of religions and of the Russian Orthodox Church.

RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: DYNAMICS OF THEIR NUMBER (ACCORDING TO THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
R.R. MUKHAMADEEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

This article examines the dynamics of the registration of religious organizations in the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation), as well as the ratio of religious organizations by the type of religion, belonging to the Administration of Muslims, the diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, type of settlement, districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, districts of Ufa in the general composition of all religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research results given in this article demonstrate that one-fifth of religious organizations registered in the Republic of Bashkortostan to date formalized their activities in 2003; Muslim religious organizations accounted for 72.3% of all registered religious organizations; the predominance of Muslim religious organizations among the religious organizations registered annually in the Republic of Bashkortostan remains stable. The overwhelming majority of the Orthodox religious organizations belong to the Russian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate (ROC-MP), among the Protestant religious organizations the Pentecostal organizations comprise more than half, i.e. about 61% (60.5%). This article can be used by public authorities, researchers, students and post-graduate students.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE KEMEROVO DEANERY OF THE DIOCESE OF NOVOSIBIRSK AND BARNAUL IN 1945-1965

2016 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A. V. Gorbatov ◽  
E. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Archival Documents

The paper presents the analysis of the financial and economic activity of the Kemerovo Deanery of the Russian Orthodox Church Diocese of Novosibirsk and Barnaul under a controversial government policy when the Russian Orthodox Church continued to be subject to restrictions and harassment even after receiving a legal status in the USSR. On the basis of archival documents, especially accounting and deanery reports, the authors examine the main sources of income and expenditures of the Orthodox community of Kemerovo Region. Upon the application of a systematic and comprehensive approach in the study of the factors that had a significant impact on the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, the authors conclude that there was sufficient stability in the financial situation of the Orthodox parishes in Kemerovo Region in 1945 – 1965. For two decades, in terms of anti-religious propaganda, the Orthodox parishes were self-funded, continued to have significant tangible property, carried out religious centers deductions and contributions to public funds.

scholarly journals Caves in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Viktorovich Stepkin ◽  
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Gunko
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
The Village

The paper examines creation and application history of cave space in catacomb movement of the Russian Orthodox Church on the territory of the Don and the Volga Region in 1920-1940s. Development of cave digging on these territories was promoted by the fact of their frontier position, allowing searching for a hiding place for the ideas, differing from the mainstream society. The caves use as shelters and places of worship in the Don Region is exemplified by the territory of Voronezh Region, where in the revolution period caves were dug in the chalk mass near the village of Karayashnik, and traditionally honored by the people loci of sacred space were used like caves in Divnogorye and on Shatrishche Mount. Caves near the village of Karayashnik were used as a place of worship by a conservative part of peasants being supporters of both the Patriarchal Church and the Fedorovtsy sect. Caves in Divnogorye were used by Joanites sect, caves on Shatrishche Mount were used by so-called True Orthodox Church. In addition to the chalk caves in the Don Region people used underground of houses as secret places of worship. Examples of such undergrounds are hidden caves in the villages of Troitskoe and Novopokrovka, equipped by one of communities of so-called True Orthodox Christians. The paper considers caves use in the Volga Region through the example of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, where communities of the True Orthodox Church acted, creating cult undergrounds under houses in the town of Bugulma and villages of Akkireevo, Zabugorovka, Crym-Saray Naumovka and Novoe Ilmovo. Together with territories of personal farmsteads, caves were created outside villages, usually in a forest zone. For example, near the village of Novosheshminsk there was an underground monastery, near villages of Volchya Sloboda and Elantovo there were underground temples. Activities of the underground religious communities referred to in the paper were ceased due to state punitive measures.

scholarly journals Discussion about Belarussian Church autocephaly during Nazi occupation of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
I. V. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War

In 2020 in Belarus there was an intensification of the activities of forces sympathetic to the idea of separating the Orthodox on the territory of the Republic from the Russian Orthodox Church. This kind of reaction is not new to the republic. The idea of church autocephaly was most acutely discussed during the Nazi occupation of the BSSR. A book by the Belarusian church historian Andrey Pukanov is devoted to this period of history. The basis of the book is the materials of the Belarusian press. Memories of the participants, the legacy of the Belarusian post-war emigration. The article presents a critical analysis of the book of a modern Belarusian author

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