Study on the Use of Force Measures in Maritime Law Enforcement by China Coast Guard

In view of many and varied maritime threats and growing number of maritime crimes, it is necessary for States to have coast guards with maritime law enforcement powers to secure their maritime territories and protect maritime interests. Modern coast guards play a crucial role in sustaining maritime security and their operations have become more and more sophisticated. However, in the case of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA), commonly known as the Malaysian Coast Guard, it is found that it is still struggling even after 12 years of its establishment to achieve its primary objective of becoming a single maritime law enforcement agency in Malaysia. The present study finds that there seems to be a veiled competition between the MMEA on one side and the other law enforcement bodies on the other. An analysis of the practice of coast guards of the USA, India and Japan is made to find a solution to this crucial issue revolving around Malaysia’s maritime security. The study finally concludes that the controversial section 7(3) of the MMEA Act should be amended to clearly entrusting the MMEA with, and excluding other relevant agencies from, maritime law enforcement powers in the Malaysian maritime zones. Maritime security, maritime law enforcement, coastguards, MMEA, marine police

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Tumpang Tindih Penegakan Hukum di Laut Indonesia

10.31219/osf.io/d2e9a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arif Budi Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

The State ◽

Coast Guard ◽

Maritime Security ◽

Maritime Law ◽

State Institutions ◽

National Jurisdiction ◽

Harmonization Of Law ◽

Laws And Regulations

AbstrakIndonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia memiliki laut sebagai penghubung antar wilayah dan batas dari teritorial negara. Pentingnya fungsi laut menimbulkan perlunya penegakan hukum di laut yang baik untuk mempertahankannya. Namun, penegakan hukum di laut dalam yuridiksi nasional Indonesia belum tertata dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari posisi kewenangan dalam pengaturan terkait keamanan kemaritiman nasional yang saling tumpang tindih antar lembaga seperti Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), Badan Keamanan Laut (Bakamla), dan Kesatuan Penjagaan Laut dan Pantai (KPLP). Tulisan ini akan menganalisis lembaga negara yang menjadi coast guard di Indonesia. Selain itu mengenai permasalahan penegakan hukum di laut tidak dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik yang disebabkan oleh ketidakharmonisan antar peraturan perundang-undangan. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang. Dari penulisan ini akan diperoleh hasil mengenai analisis harmonisasi penegakan hukum dan faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam penegakan hukum keamanan laut di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : TNI-AL, Bakamla, KPLP, Tumpang Tindih, Coast GuardAbstractIndonesia as the world's maritime axis has the sea as a liaison between regions and borders of the country's territory. The importance of the function of the sea raises the need for good maritime law enforcement to maintain it. However, maritime law enforcement in Indonesia's national jurisdiction has not been well organized. This can be seen from the position of authority in regulations related to national maritime security that overlaps between institutions such as the Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL), the Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), and the Marine and Coast Guard Unit (KPLP). This paper will analyze the state institutions that serve as coast guards in Indonesia. In addition, the issue of maritime law enforcement cannot be implemented properly due to the disharmony of laws and regulations. This writing uses a normative juridical method that uses a law approach. From this paper, the results will be obtained regarding the analysis of harmonization of law enforcement and the factors that become obstacles in the enforcement of maritime security law in Indonesia.Keywords: TNI-AL, Bakamla, KPLP, Overlapping, Coast Guard

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Jurisdiction, Sovereignties and Akwesasne: Shiprider and the Re-Crafting of Canada-US Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement

Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société ◽

10.1017/cls.2018.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 335-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna C. Pratt ◽

Jessica Templeman

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Local Communities ◽

Coast Guard ◽

Local Context ◽

Maritime Law ◽

Cross Border ◽

The Us ◽

Us Coast Guard ◽

International Border ◽

St Lawrence River

AbstractAgainst the historical backdrop of the sinking of the Canadian rum-running schooner theI’m Aloneby the US Coast Guard in 1929, this paper examines the re-crafting of maritime jurisdictional practices in the 2000s through the Canada-US Cross-Border Maritime Law Enforcement Program known as Shiprider. Thinking jurisdictionally and taking seriously the materiality of the water, we explore the significance of Shiprider’s patrols in the local context of Kaniatarowano’on:we (St. Lawrence River) which flows through Akwesasne Mohawk Territory, an indigenous border nation cleaved by the Canada-US international border where local communities contend with and continue to refuse imposed colonial settler boundaries.

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New law institutionalises Chinese maritime coercion

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db259514 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

The Philippines ◽

Coast Guard ◽

East China ◽

China Seas ◽

The South ◽

Content Type ◽

Maritime Law ◽

Unit Level ◽

Administrative Control

Significance The CCG is the largest maritime law-enforcement fleet in the region, and over the last decade the key actor in Beijing's incremental moves to expand on-water administrative control in the South and East China Seas. Impacts The law could prompt unit-level commanders to take more initiative in using force, though tighter discipline is likely to offset this. Japan is strengthening its own coast guard in response to China, but it will remain smaller, more lightly armed and civilian. The Philippines has issued a protest and flagged increased naval deployments, but the response will be limited because its navy is small. The new US administration will continue naval patrols in Chinese-claimed waters, with greater publicity.

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Maritime Law Enforcement in Japan

The Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law ◽

10.1163/22134484-12340109 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 117-133

Author(s):

Chie Kojima

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Drug Trafficking ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Illegal Immigration ◽

Coast Guard ◽

Armed Robbery ◽

Maritime Law ◽

Self Defense ◽

Unregulated Fishing

Abstract This paper discusses the roles and functions of the Japan Coast Guard and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force in maritime law enforcement. It analyzes practices of Japan’s maritime law enforcement in the prevention and punishment of piracy and armed robbery against ships, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, marine pollution, illegal immigration, and drug trafficking. It also examines cases of collaboration among different agencies at the domestic, regional and international levels.

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