scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL FROM CRITICISM TO EMANCIPATION MOVEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Damanhuri Fatah
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Ideological Criticism ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of

This paper describes the modern society’s major basic idea which has been uphold by Frankfurt School, that is, the crisis of enlightenment, of art and culture, and of history. The school is trying to reunite concretely branches of knowledge in social sciences which have been broken down into pieces without sacrificing their good points. The school also intellectually and socially redefines Marxism in its period. The Frankfurt School of the first period was claimed to have been deadlock in taking part in solving the problem of modern world. The works of Karl Marx, Horkheimer, Adorno, as well as Herbert Marcuse are the severe criticisms on scientism and positivism. According to them, both have interfered modern society as uncovered in the instrumental and technological rationality. The critical tradition previously developed by Marx tried to uproot the hidden system in a certain ideology that had made the society’s creative thinking less interisting. It means that the system which developed at that time was in fact the place where ideological interests of certain parties hid. Marx intended to uproot these interests which was the continued by the Frankfurt School community which was known for their ideological criticism.

Vanguard of the Revolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Revolution

This book is a sweeping history of one of the most significant political institutions of the modern world. The communist party was a revolutionary idea long before its supporters came to power. The book argues that the rise and fall of communism can be understood only by taking into account the origins and evolution of this compelling idea. It shows how the leaders of parties in countries as diverse as the Soviet Union, China, Germany, Yugoslavia, Cuba, and North Korea adapted the original ideas of revolutionaries like Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin to profoundly different social and cultural settings. The book is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand world communism and the captivating idea that gave it life.

1. The Frankfurt School

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Stephen Eric Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner Circle

‘The Frankfurt School’ provides a brief history of the formation of the Frankfurt School, and biographies of prominent members. The Frankfurt School grew out of the Institute for Social Research, the first Marxist think tank. However, in 1930, under the directorship of Max Horkheimer, the organization moved to America to escape the Nazis, and began to concentrate on critical theory. Aside from Horkheimer, notable members of the Frankfurt School's inner circle included Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, Walter Benjamin, Theodor W. Adorno, and Jürgen Habermas. Each member of the inner circle was different, but they all shared the same concerns, and attempted to solve them through intellectual daring and experimentation.

6. The utopian laboratory

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Stephen Eric Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Ernst Bloch

‘The utopian laboratory’ explores the notions of aesthetics and utopia. Friedrich Schiller introduced aesthetics as a utopian response to society. The Frankfurt School said that art should not depict the wrongs of society, but rather should experiment with new forms that could elicit utopia. Ernst Bloch aggregated work from all over the globe into the ‘utopian laboratory’, while Herbert Marcuse contended that the modern world of scarcity was being artificially maintained, and psychological reconfiguration could end this repression. Both these views elicited vigorous criticism from other Frankfurt School members. The dream of utopia is an enduring one, but the dream of realising it is abstract and unreachable.

Critical Theory: A Very Short Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Eric Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Ernst Bloch ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Empirical Investigations

Critical Theory: A Very Short Introduction explores the concepts and themes that distinguished critical theory from its more traditional philosophical competitors. Critical theory emerged in the 1920s from the work of the Frankfurt School, the circle of German–Jewish academics who sought to diagnose and cure the ills of society. Sketches of leading representatives of this critical tradition, such as Georg Lukács and Ernst Bloch, Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse and Jürgen Habermas, as well as many of its seminal texts and empirical investigations, are presented. Concepts such as method and agency, alienation and reification, the culture industry and repressive tolerance, non-identity, and utopia are explained and discussed.

scholarly journals Features of transformation and synthesis of national art of India in contemporary design

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00111
Author(s):  
Smirnova Margarita ◽  
Vasilenko Elena
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of

The article examines the influence of the national culture of India on modern design. The reflection of ethnic features in different types of art is considered. At the present stage of design development it is important to preserve the age-old traditions of art and culture, synthesis with modern life, materials and technologies. In this regard, of particular interest is the national culture, formed under the influence of economic and geographical (crossing the most important migration and trade routes of Eurasia), climatic conditions, artistic traditions and ancient religious beliefs. Empirical, theoretical and analytical research methods are necessary for the study of ethnic style design. For better perception, the history of Indian culture, which is rich in ancient religious buildings and monuments of architecture, was studied. The heritage of folk culture is a contribution to the art of designing modern design. The study revealed that the ethnic (Indian) style in design, has undergone numerous changes in its development, United the traditions of different cultures. Born before our era, Indian art has transformed from laconic and elementary forms into exquisite and multifaceted with an abundance of a decorative pattern. The growing interest of modern society in ethnic design, national art of the East, and in particular India, gives new opportunities for designers to use the centuries-old heritage of these countries in their activities.

scholarly journals TEORI KRITIS DAN RELEVANSINYA UNTUK PENGKAJIAN TERHADAP REALITAS SOSIAL BANGSA INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Sermada Kelen Donatus
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Systemic Corruption

This essay elaborates the Critical Theory proposed by a group of German intellectuals who revived the anti-capitalist social theory of Karl Marx. They belong to what is called the “Frankfurt-School” which emphasises the contextualisation of Marx’ theory. Critical Theory emerged as a response to anti-socialist dominance in contemporary society. This essay takes up some of the ideas of Frankfurt-School members Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse and Jürgen Habermas. Critical Theory can impact greatly on how we read present-day Indonesian society which is being destroyed by the global capitalist-system which in turn is producing social diseases like systemic corruption. Keywords: Teori Kritis, sekolah Frankfurt, Karl Marx, Horkhmeimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas, relevansi teori kritis, realitas sosial Indonesia.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL POLICY AND ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (390) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
A. M. Turlybekova ◽  
G. T. Shamshudimova ◽  
M. A. Altybassarova ◽  
G. M. Kappasova ◽  
S. N. Sabikenov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Identity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This article discusses the modern world as the kind of ethnic explosion, the concrete manifestations of which are the growth of the significance of ethnic identity, increasing people’s interest in their roots, traditions, culture and history. The demand for social balance related to ethnic and cultural specifics has noticeably revived. We can say that ethnic communities are real, stable historical formations, and ethnicity is an important, constantly acting factor of the social development. At different times it manifests in different ways, in the situation of serious social transformations that we are currently experiencing, there is the surge in ethnicity. These contradictions are reflected in the Republic of Kazakhstan due to its multinational composition. On the one hand, there are processes of forming the single identity instead of the national identity, based on the citizenship, and on the other hand, there is growing interest in the national culture and traditions. In the modern society people have the right to choose their ethnic self-determination and freedom of self-identification with the particular ethnic and national community, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Taenarus: The Road to Hell

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Clare Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Charles Fourier ◽  
To Come

This chapter argues that Karl Marx composed Capital as a modern, secular Inferno. It first considers the similarities between Capital and Dante's Inferno before discussing the history of socialists comparing modern society to a “social Hell.” It then examines how Marx's nemesis, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, developed this trope in two texts with which Marx was well acquainted and how Marx appropriated the same trope for his own critique of political economy. Finally, it analyzes the notion that modernity amounts to “a social Hell,” tracing its origin to the works of Charles Fourier. The chapter contends that Marx is not trying to convince some ideal-typical bourgeois economist to come over to the side of socialism. Rather, he is trying to convince his fellow socialists to cast aside their reliance upon ideas and arguments derived from or typified by Proudhon and other has-been and would-be leaders and theorists of the movement against capitalism.

scholarly journals POZITYVIZMAS IR MARKSIZMAS

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Evaldas Nekrašas
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Auguste Comte ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 19Th Century

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama pozityvizmo ir marksizmo santykio problema. Siekiama išryškinti jų ištakas, sąveiką, panašumus ir skirtumus, parodyti, kad klasikinis marksizmas nėra toks tolimas klasikiniam pozityvizmui, kaip paprastai manoma. XIX amžiuje abi filosofijos kryptys laikėsi scientistinių ir progresyvistinių nuostatų, kurios visų pirma ir lėmė jų pažiūrų kitais klausimais artumą. Tačiau XX amžiuje susiformavus loginiam pozityvizmui ir neomarksistinei kritinei teorijai, šių krypčių metodologinės pozicijos ėmė vis labiau tolti. Straipsnyje aptariama komplikuota Vienos ratelio ir Frankfurto mokyklos santykių istorija ir vadinamasis ginčas dėl pozityvizmo (Positivismusstreit). Analizė baigiama išvada, kad daugelį skirtumų tarp pozityvizmo ir marksizmo lemia jų skirtingas požiūris į patyrimą. Svarbiausi nagrinėjami autoriai: Auguste’as Comte’as, Karlas Marxas, Vladimiras Leninas, Otto Neurathas, Maxas Horkheimeris, Herbertas Marcuse, Jürgenas Habermasas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: klasikinis pozityvizmas, klasikinis marksizmas, loginis pozityvizmas, kritinė teorija.Positivism and MarxismEvaldas Nekrašas  Summary The author analyses the relation between positivism and Marxism. He seeks to expose their common sources and interaction, similarities and differences and to demonstrate that, contrary to the common opinion, classical Marxism and classical positivism are not so much disparate. In the 19th century both philosophies shared scientistic and progressivist views, and this accounts for their many other resemblances. Yet in the 20th century, when classical positivism was replaced by logical positivism and the Neomarxist critical theory emerged, methodological orientations of both movements started to diverge more and more. The article explores the complicated history of relations between the Vienna Circle and the Frankfurt School and inquires into the Positivismusstreit. It ends with the conclusion that the majority of differences between positivism and Marxism stem from their different notions of experience. The author deals mainly with the views of Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Otto Neurath, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas. Keywords: classical positivism, classical Marxism, logical positivism, critical theory.

‘In Psychoanalysis Nothing Is True but the Exaggerations’: Freud and the Frankfurt School

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-202
Author(s):  
Martin E. Jay
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Max Horkheimer ◽  
Freudian Theory ◽  
Marxist Tradition

Over its long history, the Frankfurt School attempted to enrich its critique of modern society, largely rooted in its imaginative rereading of the Marxist tradition, by drawing on insights from psychoanalysis. Although the specific insights informing the work of Erich Fromm, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Theodor W. Adorno may have been different, all supported the productive integration of Marx and Freud. In particular, the Frankfurt School used Freudian theory to explain the failure of the working class to assume its putative revolutionary mission, the unexpected rise of fascism, and the possible ways in which utopia might be envisaged. In addition, most explicitly in the work of Adorno, they pitted the materialist impulses of psychoanalysis against the consciousness philosophy they identified with the Idealist tradition.

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