scholarly journals The Relationship between Integrated Biochemical Index and Content of Organochlorine Xenobiotics in the Liver of the Black Scorpion Fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, from Sevastopol Bays and Coastal Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 387-409
Author(s):  
Ludmila V. Malakhova ◽  
Ekaterina N. Skuratovskaya ◽  
Tatiana V. Malakhova ◽  
Veronika V. Lobko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Scorpion Fish ◽  
Scorpaena Porcus

Despite the ban on the use of organochlorine compounds (OCs), they are still widely distributed in various components of the Black Sea ecosystem, including fish. Sevastopol marine area, as a region of active economic use, is subject to significant anthropogenic impact. To assess the condition of the Black Sea scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, from Sevastopol bays (Aleksandrovskaya, Streletskaya, Balaklavskaya, and Kazach’ia) and coastal areas (Laspi bay and Lyubimovka region), the liver of fish was analyzed to compare integrated biomarker response (IBR) and the concentrations of OCs: six indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB6) and organochlorine pesticides – р,p’-DDT and its metabolites p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD (ΣDDT). High concentrations of PCBs and DDTs were found in fish liver from Alexandrovskaya and Streletskaya bays, which are subject to significant anthropogenic impact: 2044 and 2019 ng/g wet weight for ΣPCB6 and 162 and 319 ng/g wet weight for ΣDDT, respectively. To determine the response of scorpion fish to the level of pollution, the liver of fish was analyzed to measure such biochemical markers as cholinesterase and catalase activities, albumin content, and the levels of oxidized proteins and lipid peroxidation. The set of these biochemical markers was used to calculate IBR. IBR correlated well with the ΣPCB6 concentration in sediments and liver of scorpion fish (r=0.95, p<0.05). The maximum IBR was determined in the most polluted Alexandrovskaya and Streletskaya bays, where it was two orders of magnitude higher than the IBR in Laspi bay. Based on IBR values, the fish from Laspi and Kazach’ia bays and from the coastal area of Lyubimovka were in better condition than the fish from Alexandrovskaya, Streletskaya, and Balaklavskaya bays in summer seasons of 2016-2018

scholarly journals Organochlorine compounds in scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Sevastopol marine area (Black Sea): spatial distribution and biological response

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
L. V. Malakhova ◽  
E. N. Skuratovskaya ◽  
T. V. Malakhova ◽  
A. R. Boltachev ◽  
V. V. Lobkо
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Fish Organs ◽  
Oxidative Protein Modification ◽  
Scorpion Fish ◽  
Scorpaena Porcus

Despite the ban on the use of organochlorine compounds (OCs), they are still widely distributed in various components of the Black Sea ecosystem, including fish. Sevastopol marine area, as a region of active economic use, is a subject of significant anthropogenic impact. The levels of OCs contamination in the scorpion fish Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758, which leads a sedentary life, can serve as an indicator of such impact. The organochlorine compounds were determined in 58 samples of white muscles, gonads and liver of the scorpion fish captured in 2016–2017 in the various bays of Sevastopol (Aleksandrovskaya, Balaklava, Kazach’ya, Streletskaya, Laspi), as well as in the open coastal water area (the area of the Lyubimovka village). The qualitative and quantitative analyses of organochlorine pesticides and six indicator congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls were performed by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. To determine the response of scorpion fish to the contamination level, such biochemical markers, as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, catalase activities, albumin content, level of oxidative protein modification and malondialdehyde concentration, were studied in the liver of fish from these areas. The OCs content in fish depended on the contamination of the fish habitat. The highest OCs level is in fish organs from bays (Alexandrovskaya, Streletskaya, Balaklava), and the smallest – in the fish organs from open Laspi Bay. The accumulation of OCs in the scorpion fish organs differed according to the lipid content in their tissues. The maximum rates of OCs concentrations were in the liver of fish catch from all investigated regions, the minimum – in the gonads (from bays samples) and in the white muscles (from open areas samples). The obtained relationships between the OCs content and biochemical parameters indicate the weakening of antioxidant protection and the increasing of oxidative stress in fish as a result of the xenobiotic accumulation.

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone of the Southern and Western Black Sea Coast (Review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Efremova ◽  
Yu. N. Goryachkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone changes the natural dynamics of bottom sediments, which leads to increased abrasion and swelling of beaches, activation of landslide processes creating a threat of destruction of the coastal infrastructure. The article aims at providing an overview of the scientific literature on the anthropogenic impact on lithodynamics of the coastal zone of the southern and western coasts of the Black Sea (shores of Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey). The work shows that with all the differences in the natural conditions of the coastal zones of these countries the types of anthropogenic effects they undergo are almost the same. These include: hydrotechnical construction without regard to the impact on the neighbouring coast sections; reduction of solid river flow due to river regulation by reservoirs; construction of capital facilities directly on the beaches; illegal extraction of sand from beaches and river beds; dredging with sale of the extracted material to construction companies; covering of cliffs by various structures; destruction of coastal dunes, etc. The main negative consequences of these actions are reflected in disruption of natural dynamics and shortages of bottom sediments, changes in the coastline, reduced aesthetic attractiveness and accessibility of shores, destruction of coastal ecosystems. The article also provides information on the legislation of these countries regarding environmental management in the coastal zone

scholarly journals Biogeochemical characteristics of shallow methane seeps of Crimean coastal areas in comparison with deep-sea seeps of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
T. V. Malakhova ◽  
V. N. Egorov ◽  
L. V. Malakhova ◽  
Yu. G. Artemov ◽  
N. V. Pimenov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Bacterial Mats ◽  
Seabed Sediments ◽  
Gas Seeps ◽  
Methane Carbon

Methane gas bubble emissions (seeps) are widespread phenomenon in the World Ocean, inter alia in Black Sea basin. The relevance of the research of methane seeps is due to their important role as a source of methane – greenhouse and environment-forming gas – for water column and atmosphere. The article presents a comparative analysis of the data from our biogeochemical 10-year studies of shallow gas seeps of the Crimean Peninsula and data on deep-sea gas seeps of the Black Sea. During 10-year period, apart from carrying out hydroacoustic research, the following parameters were determined: bubble gas component composition, methane carbon isotopic composition, microbial community structure of bacterial mats, covering gas bubble emission sites, and gas fluxes from separate seeps. During long-term monitoring, 14 separate gas bubble emission sites were detected and described in Crimean coastal areas; they were located from Cape Tarkhankut in the west of the peninsula to the Dvuyakornaya Bay in the southeast. Crimean coastal seeps were mostly of biogenic origin, with a seasonal type of gas bubble emission. Laspi Bay seeps were classified as emissions of deep gas of thermocatalytic genesis. A significant variation was recorded in values of isotopic composition of methane carbon δ13C-CH4 of bubble gas in coastal shallow areas (−94…−34 ‰), which indicates different conditions for bubble gas generation and maturation in seabed sediments. Similar to deep-sea seeps, coastal gas bubble emissions were accompanied by bacterial mats of diverse structure, with different dominating species. As shown, formation of stable bacterial biomass, usually consisting of sulfide- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, requires a fluid flux of reduced dissolved gases, while pointwise bubble gas discharge does not provide sufficient concentration gradients and can mechanically disrupt community structure. Various methods were used to estimate the size spectra of bubbles, as well as fluxes from separate seeps. Gas flux values varied from 1.8 L·day−1 (the Martynova Bay) to 40 L·day−1 (the Laspi Bay). The environment-forming effects, related to gas bubble emission in coastal areas, are discussed: effect of seeps on oxygen conditions in seabed sediments and in water column above gas emission sites, vertical water mixing due to gas lift effect, and fluid discharge at gas emission sites.

The Transformation of Ottoman Policies toward the Ottoman Greeks during the First World War

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Akçam
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
First World

This chapter examines how the policy followed against the Ottoman Greeks underwent an important change in November 1914, when the use of widespread violence against the Greeks and their forcible expulsion to Greece were halted. Policies concerning the Greeks during the war years were restricted henceforth to sending some of those living in coastal areas to interior provinces for military reasons. This procedure, connected with Russian military victories at the end of 1916 and throughout 1917, was carried out in a systematic manner, particularly in the Black Sea region. In some areas, massacres of Greeks were observed, but in general the Greek population remained exempt from the policy of deportation and annihilation applied to the Armenians.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Sinop Coastal Area Pattern in Terms of Coastal Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Oylum Gokkurt Baki ◽  
Osman Nuri Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Coastal Land Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Coastal Land

Sinop is a province located at the Black Sea region and it is rich in scenic beauty and cultural values and has potential touristic resources. Moreover, it is one of the most prominent port towns in the Black Sea region. The area, which can be qualified as the most important and prominent image region of the city, comprise the coastal land use line of the province. However, the city fails to utilize this advantage. The master plan of the city has substantially changed through the years. The present study aimed to determine the changes in the master plans of the city through the years, the distribution of the coastal land use areas and changes in the utilization of the coastal areas through the years. Evaluating the current administrative competence/constraints in the coastal area with respect to the data obtained in the study is also among the goals of the study. Furthermore, by taking the impact of environmental factors on the ratio of the land use areas into consideration, examining these data in terms of coastal management planning to create habitats that better suit the vital requirements is another prospect of the study. In addition, the evaluation of some coastal area-associated issues including the extent of the effect of current erosion issues on the development of the coastal area was also included in the study. The percentage of the current functional coastal areas in the province, the distribution of the number of building floors and the changes in these data by years were also investigated. For these evaluations, zoning revisions and 1/2000, 1/5000 and 1/10000 maps were examined to determine the coastal area zoning changes and filling areas. Fieldworks were carried out in the coastal area of the city to determine and observe the state of the area. The data was collected by contacting relevant institutions and organizations and carrying out fieldworks. Considering the data obtained in the study, measures to remedy the zoning deficiencies in the coastal area and the city center were proposed. The obtained data and evaluations obtained revealed that the province is in need of new and sustainable planning and there is a necessity to include implementations that are based on integrated coastal area management principals.

scholarly journals SEX INVERSION IN CULTIVATED MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM. (CRIMEA, BLACK SEA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Natalya Chelyadina ◽  
Natalya Pospelova ◽  
Mark Popov ◽  
Ludmila Smyrnova ◽  
Irina Kharchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sex Inversion ◽  
Anionic Detergents

In the last decade, there has been a shift in the sex ratio of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Black Sea towards increase of males. In modern literature, focus is mainly on mechanisms of sex inheritance in mussels and hormonal regulation of the reproduction, and there is no information on sex inversion in M. galloprovincialis under the influence of environmental factors. The goal of this work is to establish the fact of sex change in mussels cultivated near the coast of Crimea under the influence of some external environmental factors. We establish that mussels change sex from female to male, but some specimens become hermaphrodites, with their fraction reaching 13%. Under unfavorable environmental conditions, mussel females change sex, and their mortality rises up to 69%. In water areas subject to anthropogenic impact, the proportion of sex inversion in the mollusks may be as high as 58%. The influence of various adverse   environmental factors on sex inversion in mussel females is unequal, and its strength decreases in the following order: diesel fuel > hypoxia > anionic detergents > starvation.

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