Study of prooxidant activity and some indicators of the pituitary-gonadal system in patients suffering from chronic endometritis

The state of lipid peroxidation and the oxidative modification of proteins in the blood of 29 women with chronic endometritis aged 27 to 40 years were studied. The control group consisted of 19 healthy women aged 27 to 44 years. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was estimated by the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde, the oxidative modification of proteins - by the level of carbonyl derivatives. It was shown that in the blood of women with chronic endometritis, the concentration of aliphatic aldehyde groups and 1,9 times the carbonyl groups in protein molecules increases by 3,3 times compared with the control group. A significant increase in diene conjugates by 34% and malondialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells by 47 and 43%, respectively, was established. The increase in lipid peroxidation products and oxidative protein modification in the blood indicates the development of oxidative stress in women suffering from chronic endometritis. Compared with healthy patients with chronic endometritis, a convincing tendency toward an increase in prolactin and anti- Muller hormone against a decrease in progesterone was revealed in the group compared to healthy ones. To predict possible complications in patients with chronic endometritis, it is advisable to study the indicators of protein and lipid peroxidation as markers of oxidative stress and the severity of the inflammatory process. In addition, such patients should be advised to take antioxidant drugs in combination with the basic therapy.

The Correlation of Hba1c Level With GSH-PX Enzyme Activity, AOPP, and MDA Levels in The Eye Lenses of Diabetic Cataract Patients

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known to accelerate cataractogenesis because it may cause hyperglycemia-induced stress oxidative in the eye lens. HbA1c test can be performed to monitor glycemic control. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) is an enzyme that scavenges and prevents the formation of free radical. Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) is a marker to estimate the degree of oxidative protein modification. Malondialdehyde (MDA) can reflect cells damage. This study was an observational analytic study, conducted in September 2019-January 2020, and aimed to determine the correlation of HbA1c level with GSH-Px enzyme activity, AOPP, and MDA levels in the eye lenses of diabetic cataract patients. Data of HbA1c level and eye lenses sample was obtained from 29 cataract patients with DM who underwent phacoemulsification surgery in Ulin and Bhayangkara Hospital in Banjarmasin and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Spearman’s correlation test showed that there was no significant correlation of HbA1c with GSH-Px activity (p=0,095), AOPP (p=0,084), and MDA (p=0,084) levels in the eye lens of diabetic cataract patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, cataract, HbA1c, glutathione peroxidase, AOPP, MDA

Binding Affinities Studies of Nitrated Model Peptides to Monoclonal Anti-3-nitrotyrosine Antibody

Tyrosine nitration has been shown to be an important oxidative protein modification and play a crucial role in pathophysiological conditions, associated with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disease. For a better understanding of nitration mechanism, the identification and the quantification of nitration sites represents an important research goal. Due to (i) the low levels of nitration in native proteins, (ii) structural changes induced by nitration and (iii) the specificity of anti � 3 nitro tyrosine antibodies the method which may provide the identification of nitration sites in proteins represent a challenging experimental task. In this work we have used synthetic nitrated tyrosine containing peptides to determine antibody-binding affinities and specificity of different tyrosine residue (Tyr33, Tyr98, Tyr107and Tyr122) in Eosinophil cationic proteins (ECP). The highest affinity of nitrated ECP peptides to the monoclonal antibody (anti-3NT) was obtained for the only in vivo nitrated identified residue Tyr33(0.082 �M); in contrast, all other three nitrated residues at Tyr98, Tyr107 and Tyr122) showed significant lower affinity being imbedded in the ECP protein structure as similar resulted by molecular computational modeling.

Oxidative modification of proteins in rat serum under experimental osteoarthritis and joint administration of a chondroprotector and multiprobiotic

One of the actual problems of modern medicine is joint disease. Among them, osteoarthritis occupies an important place. The formation of osteoarthritis is accompanied by the development of inflammation, which leads to damage to all structures of the joint. An important role in inflammatory processes is played by the intensification of free radical processes. As the disease develops, the joints lose their mobility, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and the development of disability. In this regard, it is important to search for drugs that have regenerative, anti-inflammatory and antiradical properties. The aim of our study was to investigate the combined effect of chondroitin sulfate and multiprobiotic on the content of oxidative protein modification products and the level of sulfhydryl groups in rat blood serum under conditions of monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. The study included participation of white male non-linear rats (weighing 180–240 g) adherence to the general ethical principles of animal experiments. An experimental osteoarthritis model was created by introducing 1 mg of sodium monoiodoacetate into the knee ligament. Chondroitin sulfate and multiprobiotic were used as therapeutic agents. The content of products of oxidative modification of proteins was determined by the level of carbonyl derivatives, which are manifested in the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The level of total, protein-bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups was measured by the Elman method. It was found that under conditions of monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in the blood serum of rats, the content of products of oxidative modification of proteins increases. The level of neutral aldehyde products (E max = 356 nm) is increased by 2.5 times and neutral ketone products (E max = 370 nm), respectively, by 2,1 times compared to the control. Under the same experimental conditions in the blood serum, the amount of basic aldehyde products (E max = 430 nm) increases by 1.9 times, while the content of the main ketone products (E max = 530 nm) increases by 1,7 times compared to the control groups. In experimental osteoarthritis in the blood serum, the content of sulfhydryl groups decreases: non-protein SH-groups – 1,5 times, protein and general SH-groups – 1,7 times relative to the control. This indicates disturbance of the oxidative-antioxidant balance and the development of oxidative stress in the organism during experimental osteoarthritis. It was shown that the combined administration of chondroitin sulfate and multiprobiotics in animals with experimental osteoarthritis partially restored the above parameters.

Oxidative protein modification of the temporal bone tissue in chronic otitis media

Aim. To study the role of oxidative protein modification of bone tissue proteins in the formation of destruction of temporal bone structures in chronic otitis media. Methods. The study included 139 patients aged 16-75 years with a verified diagnosis of chronic otitis media, who are candidates for surgical treatment. Depending on the method of surgical treatment, patients are divided into four groups (by nosology and complications and reoperations): patients with tubotympanic otitis media and epitympanic antral otitis, without complications and with local or intracranial complications, after reconstructive sanitizing ear surgery. The state of the processes of oxidative modification of proteins was evaluated in the bone tissue of the middle ear cavities, obtained intraoperatively, by the content of carbonyl products with the use of spectrophotometry. The data were processed by descriptive statistics and were presented in the form of a median and a range between quartiles with an estimate of the reliability of the intergroup differences by the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Results. A comparison of the indicators characterizing the oxidative modification of bone tissue proteins of the temporal bone in patients with complicated and recurrent forms of chronic otitis media demonstrates a greater degree of free radical destruction of proteins, primarily markers of early stages of protein damage and an increase of aldehyde products, both at the basal level and in response to induction in a complicated course of the disease. Conclusion. The obtained data allow drawing a conclusion about a high level of oxidative stress in bone tissue in destructive forms of chronic otitis media accompanied by relapses and complications, and about the perspectives of antioxidant pre-operative use taking into account the features of oxidative stress in bone tissue in patients with chronic otitis media.

Limited proteolysis and oxidative modification of proteins in the hepatocytes of patients with resistant forms of tuberculosis

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the oxidative modification of proteins and limited proteolysis in the hepatocytes of patients with resistant forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Material and method: This is a prospective pathomorphological study of 60 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB (clinically and anatomopathologically) deaths from various causes. To evaluate the intensity of free radical processes in hepatocytes, we used a methodology developed by Davydenko IS, 2003. Histological sections were stained with bromphenol blue by Michel-Calvo. Results: When comparing the digital data indicated in our study, it is evident that changes in proteins properties in average tendencies run virtually identically in the hepatocytes of different zones of the comparison group. Thus, the difference is unlikely (p > 0.05) when comparing red/blue ratio (specific staining of acid and basic proteins by Michel-Calvo) in the hepatocytes of zones I, II and III of the comparison group. A similar trend is observed in the analysis of average values of the optical density of a specific colouration on the free amino group of proteins by A. Yasuma and T. Ichikava. The analysis of all parameters showed a linear increase in the intensity of oxidative protein modification and limited proteolysis from zone I to III (from the periportal to the centrolobular parts of the acinus) in all subgroups of the main group according to the acinus zone (by Rappoport). Conclusions: Pulmonary TB leads to increased processes of free radical oxidation of proteins with characteristic effects – increased proteolysis and oxidation of amino groups of proteins – in the hepatocytes of the liver.

Protein Carbonyl Content Is a Predictive Biomarker of Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hemodialysis Patients

High prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and elevated oxidative stress are associated with poor outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients. Abnormal left ventriculаr geomеtry and different geometric patterns play an important role as well. Our study analyzed the role of oxidative stress on myocardial remodeling in these patients. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) content, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were investigated in 104 hemodialysis patients together with transthoracic echocardiography. Compared to patients with normal ventricular geometry, patients with LVH had increased MDA and PC plasma concentration. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that protein carbonyls, as biomarkers of oxidative protein modification, were an independent predictor of eccentric hypertrophy (eLVH), including higher LV end-diastolic diameter and LV end-diastolic volume, (β = 0.32 and β = 0.28, p < 0.001 for both). The incidence of eLVH increased progressively from the lowest to the highest baseline PC tertile (p < 0.001 for the trend) and the subjects in the former group showed a 76% greater risk of developing eLVH compared to their counterparts. After further adjustment for the potential mediators, PCs carried eLVH odds (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.256 (0.998–1.514), per standard deviation increase. High plasma protein carbonyls levels are a significant independent predictor of eccentric LVH in chronic hemodialysis patients.

The Oxidized proteins and activity of the Cl–/HCО3– exchanger in erythrocytes of patients with acute alcohol intoxication

Background: The purpose of this research was to study the morphological properties and the products of oxidative protein modification in erythrocytes of patients with acute alcohol intoxication. Two groups of subjects were analyzed. The first one included 39 patients with acute alcohol intoxication. The second group consisted of 14 healthy subjects. Methods: In erythrocytes the activity of Cl–/HCО3– exchanger, the reactive protein carbonyl derivatives and membrane-bound hemoglobin concentration were measured. Results: Our results demonstrated strong alteration of the Cl–/HCО3– exchanger activity in erythrocytes of patients with acute alcohol intoxication. A delay in the beginning of hemolysis during incubation of erythrocytes in the ammonium medium was observed. The concentration of protein carbonyls in erythrocytes of patients significantly increased in comparison to the control ones. A decrease in the membrane-bounded hemoglobin was observed as well. Conclusions: These findings indicate that ethanol toxicity is manifested by alteration of oxidized protein concentration and Cl–/HCО3– exchanger activity in erythrocytes. It is hypothesized that oxidized proteins are implicated in modulation of the erythrocyte cell volume regulation.