Sexual dimorphism in the physical development of boys and girls of the northern region with an established dysplastic phenotype

The article analyzes the data of an anthropometric and somatotypological study of 164 boys and 93 girls of the northern region, different sexual somatotypes with different severity of signs-phenes of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. It was found that 44% of boys and 22% of girls with d, according to sexual somatic differentiation, correspond to the biological sex, 34% of boys and 53% of girls have mild gender dysplasia in the form of mesomorphy, and 19% of boys and 21% of girls have signs of sex inversion. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia affects the severity of morphotypological differences between sexual somatotypes and the appearance of signs of gracialization within them. Key words: northern region, adolescence, sexual dimorphism, undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia.

DISPLAY OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF YOUNG MEN AND GIRLS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

The article analyzes the data of anthropometric and somatotypological studies of 164 boys and 174 girls of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, of diff erent sex somatotypes. It was found that 44% of boys and 15% of girls, according to sexual somatic diff erentiation, correspond to the biological sex, 40% of boys and 58% of girls have mild gender dysplasia in the form of mesomorphism, and 21% of boys and 27% of girls have signs of sex inversion. In young men from the northern region, clear sexual dimorphism anthropometric parameters were revealed. In girls of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra of diff erent sex somatotypes, no statistically signifi cant diff erences were found in most anthropometric parameters, which is associated with the general tendency of their somatic profi le to asthenization and masculinization

Indicators of chemiluminescent and bioluminescent tests of biological liquids in the assessment of physical health

The study includes anthropometry of 172 young male, obtained data on the length and body mass, measured the transverse diameters of the shoulders and pelvis, various body types was identified by the J.M. Tanner sexual dimorphism index (andromorphic, mesomorphic, gynecomorphic). The chemiluminescent and bioluminescent study of saliva and blood was conducted in the examined young male. We studied the indicators of the antioxidant defense system under the influence of stress. The antioxidant status of saliva was determined using the H2O2-luminol-dependent chemiluminescence method. Data on the activity of NAD (P) -dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes was obtained from a bioluminescent method of research. Young male of andromorphic body type had large overall and transverse body sizes. Indicators of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood in men of adolescence, the body type of the sexual dimorphism index J.M. Tanner was different. The persons of the andromorphic body type differed in terms of chemiluminescence in comparison with the young male of gynecomorphic body type. The results of bioluminescent blood tests suggest a violation of the catabolic and anabolic processes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in young men of mesomorphic and gynecomorphic body types. Indicators of the system of antioxidant protection of saliva and blood reflect the sexual characteristics of the body of young male and can be used as additional criteria for diagnosing sex inversion and assessing the risk of developing socially attributed diseases.

Steroid Hormones in Reproduction and Roles of GnRH-a in Gonadal Maturation of Marine Fish: A Review

Reproduction in teleosts is regulated by a series of hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), gonadotropins (GTHs) and steroid hormones. To contribute better understanding of steroid hormones in reproduction and GnRH-a in gonadal maturation, this literature review is concerned with the changes of steroid hormone levels in relation with sex inversion, reproductive behavior and gonadal development as well as the application of GnRH-a for inducing maturation of marine fish. The results revealed that in many species of teleost, steroid hormones E2, 11-11-KT and DHP are abundantly produced in gonadal tissues under the control of pituitary gonadotropins, and are essential for critical steps of gametogenesis. Plasma steroid levels have been used as indicators for both of the sex of the fish and its stage in the seasonal reproductive cycle, particularly with regard to induction of spawning. Determination of plasma steroid levels in relation with the sexual status of the gonads over several reproductive seasons might provide valuable information on the mechanisms of sex inversion in ambisexual fish species. In addition, changes of plasma steroid levels in correlation with gonadal development, number of spawning, fecundity, were described clearly in many marine species. The review also indicated that exogenous administration of GnRH-a triggered for final maturation of brood stock of some teleosts. In summary E2, T, 11-KT and C21 steroids are in relation with sex inversion, reproductive processes and GnRH-a is successful for inducing gonadal maturation in some fish species.

Sex inversion in the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 under the influence of heavy metals

Heavy metals may be one of the factors causing a change in sexual structure in the settlements of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. cultivated on the Sevastopol seaside. The aim of the work was to study the influence of Zn+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Hg+2, Cu+2 ions on the sex inversion of cultivated mussels during spring post spawning of gonads. Chronic intoxication of female mussel at ion concentration of 2 MPC was carried out for a month in laboratory conditions. After 3 months of a natural experiment, the sex of each mollusc was individually examined by the method of visual study of gonad smears. The sex inversion of the females occurred under the influence of all heavy metals. The maximum shares of males were observed after the influence of Cu+2 and Pb+2 – 65 and 52 %, respectively. Both laboratory and natural experiments showed high toxic effect of Cu+2 and Hg+2 ions, with female mortality reaching 33 and 13 %, respectively.

Somatometric and Index Indicators for Assessing the Physical State of Patients with Gastric Cancer

The purpose of the research was to study physical health of patients with gastric cancer, the identification of markerspredictors of gastric cancer.Material and methods. This article presents the results of a survey with 150 patients diagnosed with stomach cancer. The research was conducted on the basis of the department of oncoabdominal surgery of Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital named after A.I. Kryzhanovskiy in the period from 2016 to 2017. Patients with established gastric cancer, awaiting for surgical treatment, were examined using anthropometric methods of research. We evaluated the physical status of patients of different age diagnosed with stomach cancer. We also calculated body mass index and Tanner’s index of sexual dimorphism (1968), according to the last we determined the type of gender dimorphism. Distribution of healthy men and women in the population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was taken for comparison.Results. We have obtained the following markers: overweight and obesity, sex inversion in men of the II period of adulthood and the elderly to gynecomorphy, and in women of the II period of adulthood – to mesomorphy.Conclusions. These markers are used for assessment of the physical status of patients with stomach cancer. They, together with the already known risk factors of gastric cancer development, will help to identify groups with an increased risk for gastric cancer development at the stage of medical examination of the population.

SEX INVERSION IN CULTIVATED MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM. (CRIMEA, BLACK SEA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

In the last decade, there has been a shift in the sex ratio of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Black Sea towards increase of males. In modern literature, focus is mainly on mechanisms of sex inheritance in mussels and hormonal regulation of the reproduction, and there is no information on sex inversion in M. galloprovincialis under the influence of environmental factors. The goal of this work is to establish the fact of sex change in mussels cultivated near the coast of Crimea under the influence of some external environmental factors. We establish that mussels change sex from female to male, but some specimens become hermaphrodites, with their fraction reaching 13%. Under unfavorable environmental conditions, mussel females change sex, and their mortality rises up to 69%. In water areas subject to anthropogenic impact, the proportion of sex inversion in the mollusks may be as high as 58%. The influence of various adverse environmental factors on sex inversion in mussel females is unequal, and its strength decreases in the following order: diesel fuel > hypoxia > anionic detergents > starvation.