scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of Incentive Situations and Personal Attributes to Driving Anger Based on MNL Model: A Naturalistic Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Mnl Model

Prediction and Factor Identification for Crash Severity: Comparison of Discrete Choice and Tree-Based Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 640-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Sung Hoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Collision Type ◽  
Mnl Model

Crash severity is one of the most widely studied topics in traffic safety area. Scholars have studied crash severity through various types of models. Using the publicly available 2017 Maryland crash data from the Department of Maryland State Police, the authors develop a multinomial logit (MNL) model and a random forest (RF) model, which belong to discrete choice and tree-based models, respectively, to (1) identify factors contributing to crash severity and (2) compare prediction performances and interpretation abilities between the two models. Based on the model results, major contributing factors of crash severity are identified, including collision type, occupant age, and speed limit. For the given dataset, RF has a higher prediction accuracy than MNL based on multiple measures (precision, recall, and F1 score), even though the differences are not dramatic. Sensitivity analysis results show that RF is less sensitive than MNL. RF can automatically capture the non-linear effects of continuous variables and reduce the influence of collinearity relationships existing among explanatory variables. This study shows the possibility of conducting sensitivity analysis to enhance understanding of MNL and RF results, and uncovers unique characteristics of the discrete choice and tree-based models.

Bayesian model updating of a large-span steel tied arch bridge: an experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanxin Luo ◽  
Huaqiang Zhong ◽  
Ye Xia ◽  
Limin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Modal Identification ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Tied Arch Bridge

<p>In this paper, a large-span steel tied arch bridge's Bayesian FEMU is carried out based on the ambient vibration data. Firstly, the ERA method is used for modal identification. Then, the benchmark FE model of this bridge is established. Based on the sensitivity analysis, six updating parameters significantly affecting the natural frequency are selected. Subsequently, the objective function of the FEMU is established, and the DRAM algorithm is utilized to simulate the parameter samples conforming to the posterior distribution. Finally, the uncertainty analysis of the updated items is carried out. After FEMU, the results show that the model's frequency uncertainty is reduced, and the theoretical frequencies are highly consistent with the identified frequencies.</p>

Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis for Railway Passengers’ Public Transit Mode Choice

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 678-684
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Chun Jing Ma ◽  
Xiang Feng Ji ◽  
Gang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
Study Mode ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Comprehensive terminal integrates different modes of transport and sharing rates of different traffic modes influence its planning greatly. To determine the sharing rates, it’s necessary to study mode choice probability of passengers. Based on the theory of disaggregate choice, with the survey of mode choices of passengers arriving by rail in Nanjing south railway station, this paper establishes multinomial logit (MNL) model and nest logit (NL) model, considering three types of modes of transport including the subway, regular bus, and taxi. Models are calibrated with SPSS and validated through statistical indicators. Therefore, important factors influencing choice are obtained. The accuracy test results of two kinds of models show that NL model has higher prediction accuracy, and can overcome the shortcomings of traditional logit model’s independent and irrelevant alternatives (IIA). Finally, this paper develops the sensitivity analysis using the NL upper model as an example, and gives the sensitivity physical meaning, namely the development level of taxi.

Mug Shots and Reader Attitudes toward People in the News

1992 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Lain ◽  
Philip J. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
News Story

This experimental study links research about use of newspaper mug shots with facial expression research in nonverbal communication. There were significant differences in the personal attributes ascribed by readers to the source of a news story based on the nature of the mug shot (positive, neutral, or negative) which accompanied the story, particularly readers' views of the source's congeniality and integrity. Credibility factors were less affected. Women generally responded less favorably than men toward the source. Readers rated a source more congenial when the story was accompanied by a photo.

Experimental study on the restoration from a tilt-azimuth series for improvement in resolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
Norio Baba ◽  
Norihiko Ichise ◽  
Syunya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Beam Tilting ◽  
Illumination Method ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Illumination Mode

The tilted beam illumination method is used to improve the resolution comparing with the axial illumination mode. Using this advantage, a restoration method of several tilted beam images covering the full azimuthal range was proposed by Saxton, and experimentally examined. To make this technique more reliable it seems that some practical problems still remain. In this report the restoration was attempted and the problems were considered. In our study, four problems were pointed out for the experiment of the restoration. (1) Accurate beam tilt adjustment to fit the incident beam to the coma-free axis for the symmetrical beam tilting over the full azimuthal range. (2) Accurate measurements of the optical parameters which are necessary to design the restoration filter. Even if the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is known with accuracy and the axial astigmatism is sufficiently compensated, at least the defocus value must be measured. (3) Accurate alignment of the tilt-azimuth series images.

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