scholarly journals Multimedia Environmental Fate and Transport Model of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Case Study Sayong River Watershed, Johor, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2383-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.A. Ghani ◽  
A.N. Anuar ◽  
Z.A. Majid ◽  
M. Yoneda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
River Watershed

The use of Runoff and Surface Water Transport and Fate Models in the Pesticide Registration Process

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Zubkoff
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Chemical Application

In support of the registration and reregistration processes under FIFRA ‘88, numerical models are used to estimate the dissolved runoff and soil erosion loadings of pesticides to surface waters and the subsequent fate and transport of pesticides in the receiving waters. Uses for simulations include:1. Helping to determine whether additional studies on the fate and distribution of a candidate chemical in the environment and/or ecological effects may be needed when full chemical characterization is incomplete.2. Helping to more fully integrate data submissions of laboratory and field observations.3. Estimating probable fate and distribution of an agrochemical after a severe runoff event.4. Comparing alternative chemical application rates and methods for the same chemical/soil/crop/environmental combinations.5. Comparing different soil/crop/environmental combinations representing different geographical areas with the same chemical.6. Evaluating preliminary designs of proposed field studies.7. Gaining insight into the environmental fate of modern chemicals that are applied at 1 to 2% of the rates of older chemicals when sampling designs and analytical methods are not available.The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) commonly employs the SWRRB (45, 46) and PRZM (8, 9) models for runoff and EXAMS II (5), a fate and transport model, for surface waters. These three models are used in conjunction with appropriate databases for soils, chemical properties, and meteorological and other environmental parameters. Registrants are encouraged to clearly state assumptions, identify values for parameters by citation, report results of simulations with summary tables and graphics, and interpret their results in relation to current scientific disciplines.

Characterization of parameters in mechanistic models: A case study of a PCB fate and transport model

1997 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Steinberg ◽  
Kenneth H. Reckhow ◽  
Robert L. Wolpert
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Mechanistic Models

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

Susceptibility Assessments and Validations of Debris-Flow Events in Meizoseismal Areas: Case Study in China’s Longxi River Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 05019005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saier Wu ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Chong Xu ◽  
Wendy Zhou ◽  
Leihua Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
River Watershed

scholarly journals Diagnosing the transition layer at extratropical latitudes using MLS O<sub>3</sub> and MOPITT CO analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7225-7240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barré ◽  
L. El Amraoui ◽  
P. Ricaud ◽  
W. A. Lahoz ◽  
J.-L. Attié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Free Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The behavior of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL) is investigated using a chemistry transport model (CTM) and analyses derived from assimilation of MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) O3 and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO data. We firstly focus on a stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) case study that occurred on 15 August 2007 over the British Isles (50° N, 10° W). We evaluate the effect of data assimilation on the O3–CO correlations. It is shown that data assimilation disrupts the relationship in the transition region. When MLS O3 is assimilated, CO and O3 values are not consistent between each other, leading to unphysical correlations at the STE location. When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO assimilated fields are taken into account in the diagnostics the relationship happens to be more physical. We then use O3–CO correlations to quantify the effect of data assimilation on the height and depth of the ExTL. When the free-model run O3 and CO fields are used in the diagnostics, the ExTL distribution is found 1.1 km above the thermal tropopause and is 2.6 km wide (2σ). MOPITT CO analyses only slightly sharpen (by −0.02 km) and lower (by −0.2 km) the ExTL distribution. MLS O3 analyses provide an expansion (by +0.9 km) of the ExTL distribution, suggesting a more intense O3 mixing. However, the MLS O3 analyses ExTL distribution shows a maximum close to the thermal tropopause and a mean location closer to the thermal tropopause (+0.45 km). When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL shows a mean location that is the closest to the thermal tropopause (+0.16 km). We also extend the study at the global scale on 15 August 2007 and for the month of August 2007. MOPITT CO analyses still show a narrower chemical transition between stratosphere and troposphere than the free-model run. MLS O3 analyses move the ExTL toward the troposphere and broaden it. When MLS O3 analyses and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL matches the thermal tropopause poleward of 50°.

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