scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Glucoprivation on Adrenomedullary Function in SHR and WKY Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri ◽  
Peter Robert Dunkley ◽  
Ann Kathleen Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

We have shown previously, acute intraperitoneal administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) into Sprague-Dawley rats led to activation of the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells, indicated with increased protein kinase activity and increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation, as well as increased plasma adrenaline and glucose levels. Here we have used spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats to investigate whether hypertension alters basal adrenal chromaffin cell function, or the response of these cells to acute 2DG treatment. At basal level, we found no differences in adrenal medulla TH protein, TH phosphorylation, TH activity or catecholamine levels between SHR and WKY despite a significant difference in the level of systolic blood pressure; nor were there differences in plasma catecholamine levels or blood glucose (BG). Furthermore, the vehicle animals evoked no significant changes in any parameter measured in SHR, but evoked significant increases in pSer19TH, plasma adrenaline and BG in WKY. Single episode of glucoprivation evoked increases in PKA and CDK/MAPK, pSer40TH, pSer31TH, TH activity, and plasma adrenaline and BG in SHR, and in addition evoked increases in PKC, CAMKII, and pSer19TH in WKY. These findings are significant which indicates hypertension does not impact catecholamine function in the adrenal gland. It also appears that hypertension does not alter the adrenal response to glucoprivation. The findings are also significant as WKY showed greater adrenal activation of protein kinases and TH phosphorylation in response to saline and 2DG when compared to SHR and possible reasons for these findings are further discussed.

Effect of Psychic Stimulation on Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations and Nasal Patency in Patients with Nasal Allergy

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Konno ◽  
Nobuhisa Terada ◽  
Minoru Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

To compare the degree of sympathoadrenal and nasal vascular response to psychic stimulation between patients with nasal allergy and normal controls, we measured the changes in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations and nasal patency elicited by cannulation into the forearm vein and mental arithmetic in 28 patients with nasal allergy and age- and sex-matched normal controls. Ten of the 28 allergy patients had markedly swollen, pale, edematous nasal mucosa and served as a subgroup of nasal allergy patients. Plasma catecholamine levels increased significantly, with a synchronous increase of nasal patency, during stimulation. Among the three groups, no statistical differences were observed in plasma catecholamine levels either at rest or during stimulation. There was no significant difference in extent of increase of nasal patency induced by stimulation in the total group of subjects with nasal allergy compared with normal controls. However, it was significantly smaller in a subgroup of nasal allergy patients having markedly pale, edematous swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Platelet Catecholamine Concentrations after Short-Term Stress in Normal Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carstensen ◽  
John S. Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

1. Four studies were designed to test the hypothesis that platelet catecholamine levels may provide a stable index of circulating plasma catecholamine concentrations, and that these are unaffected by acute elevations of plasma levels with physical and psychological stress. 2. To assess the biological variability within individuals, ten subjects were sampled on five occasions over 8–30 h. The intra-individual coefficients of variation for plasma and platelet noradrenaline levels were 193 +10% and 9.5 +4.2%, respectively, and for plasma and platelet adrenaline levels 48.3 +22% and 25.3 +8.4%, respectively. 3. Three other studies investigating the response to physical and psychological stress were performed. In the first study, plasma and platelet catecholamine levels were studied in 12 healthy subjects before and after bicycle ergometry. Plasma catecholamine concentrations increased [noradrenaline by +346 + 323% (P = 0.002) and adrenaline by +314 + 352% (P -0.003)], whereas platelet concentrations showed little change [noradrenaline +4+18% (P = 0.94) and adrenaline +38+ 116% (P = 0.67)]. 4. In the study, catecholamine concentrations were measured in eight subjects after hand immersion in iced water. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased significantly (+58 +19%, P = 0.001), but no significant change was found in plasma adrenaline concentrations (+8+44%, P = 0.48). Platelet catecholamine concentrations showed no significant change (noradrenaline +15 +15%, P = 0.052, and adrenaline 19 +82%, P = 0.84). 5. In the third study, catecholamine concentrations were measured in 22 medical students before and after their end-of-year examination. There was no significant change in plasma noradrenaline or adrenaline concentrations (+20 +39%, P = 0.08, and −2 +33%, P = 0.36, respectively) nor in platelet concentrations (noradrenaline +6+19%, P = 0.15, and adrenaline +34 +72, P = 0.65). 6. In 53 subjects sampled between 08.00 and 12.00 hours, plasma and platelet noradrenaline concentrations were significantly correlated (r, = 0.47, P <0.001), but the relationship between plasma and platelet adrenaline concentrations in these subjects did not achieve significance (rs = 0.17, P <0.23). 7. In conclusion, platelet catecholamine concentrations seem to be unaffected by acute short-term stress and may provide a reliable indicator of chronic sympatho-adrenomedullary arousal.

Pulsatile normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and plasma catecholamine levels

Perfusion ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zamparelli ◽  
S De Paulis ◽  
L Martinelli ◽  
M Rossi ◽  
A Scapigliati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

The aim of the study was to assess plasma catecholamine levels in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization and relate them to pulsatile (P) and nonpulsatile (NP) normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to different CPB management: 15 patients were assigned to group ‘P’, 13 patients to group ‘NP’. During normothermic extracorporeal circulation, group ‘P’ received pulsatile perfusion, while group ‘NP’ received nonpulsatile perfusion. Levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were evaluated during the operation and in the intensive care unit (ICU), at seven time points. Haemodynamic assessment was performed at four time points in the same period. Demographic and surgical data were collected, and the postoperative course was analysed. Epinephrine levels were markedly increased during CPB in both groups, while norepinephrine increased more in group NP in comparison with group P. No significant difference was found in fluid administration, transfusion, drugs usage, or postoperative complications. Normothermic pulsatile CPB seems to achieve reduced levels of norepinephrine. A clinical beneficial effect of this finding was not demonstrated during the study.

Adrenomedullary origin of the hindquarter vasodilation during the transposition response of the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
S. Sakata ◽  
J. Iriuchijima
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Radioenzymatic Assay ◽  
Catecholamine Concentration

Transposing a rat from the home cage to a new cage produces a cardiovascular response (transposition response) characterized by an increase in hindquarter blood flow with unchanged systemic arterial pressure. Arterial blood samples were collected from rats before and during this response for radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines. During the transposition response, the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma increased about six- and two-fold, respectively. Ablation of the adrenal medulla prevented these changes in plasma catecholamine concentration. Constant i.v. infusion of adrenaline, at rates producing a hindquarter flow approximately matching that observed during the transposition response, evoked an increase in plasma adrenaline concentration also approximately matching the increase observed during the transposition response. It is concluded that the increase in plasma adrenaline secreted from the adrenal medulla is the main cause of the increase in hindquarter blood flow in the transposition response.

scholarly journals Physiological and Behavioral Adjustments Relative to Catecholamine Levels During Nesting in Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys Olivacea) and Hawksbill (Eretmochelys Imbricata) Sea Turtles in Masirah Island, Oman.

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
A.Y.A AlKindi ◽  
I.Y. Mahmoud ◽  
Fatma Al-Siyabi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Plasma adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were measured for the first time in natural populations of hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and olive ridley (Lipedochelys olivacea) in Masirah Island, Arabian Sea; one of the few protected nesting grounds remaining in the world for these two endangered species. Plasma ADR and NA levels were assessed in individuals after they oviposited eggs and completed nesting exercises, and in individuals which were still searching for suitable nesting sites. Blood samples were taken from the cervical sinuses from two groups (oviposited and non-oviposited), which spent at least 1.5 h on the nesting grounds. The duration of the nesting period varied between 1.5 and 2.0 h for both species. There was no significant difference between oviposited and non-oviposited turtles in both species. As the turtles move onto the nesting grounds, their heavy weight compresses the thoracic region making terrestrial breathing laborious and difficult. During phases of nesting, the turtles undergo brief bursts of strenuous and exhaustive exercise which usually lasts less than one minute followed by a brief recovery period which is less than the exercise phase. Reptiles in general, particularly turtles, are intermittent breathers and after bursts of exercise, they appear to develop hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidemia, which are characteristic of anaerobic metabolism. The data reveals that catecholamine levels remain stable in both species during phases of nesting and may play an important role in combating stress as well as mobilizing energy reserves. The high plasma lactate and CO2 levels in olive and hawksbill turtles may signify anaerobic metabolism during exercise. Glucose levels remain unchanged throughout nesting in both species. There was no significant difference in the lactate and glucose values in the two species. The physiological and the behavioral adjustments in this study showed remarkable similarities in the two species and may be an important factor in the reproductive strategy for species survival.  

scholarly journals Control of Catecholamine Release In Vivo and In Situ in the Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) During Hypoxia

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE F. PERRY ◽  
REGINA FRITSCHE ◽  
RICHARD KINKEAD ◽  
STEFAN NILSSON
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Catecholamine Levels ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have characterized the elevation of circulating catecholamines in the intact Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during graded acute (30 min) hypoxia. The potential mechanisms contributing to the mobilization of catecholamines during hypoxia were then assessed in vivo using nerve sectioning and pharmacological techniques and in situ using a perfused head kidney preparation. Pre-branchial plasma adrenaline concentrations were significantly elevated at all levels of aquatic hypoxia utilised [water Po2 (PWO2) = 10 kPa (75 mmHg), 7.3kPa (55 mmHg) or 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg)], whereas noradrenaline levels did not increase significantly in these particular experiments in which PWWOWO2 was lowered gradually over a 30 min period. All subsequent experiments were performed using a more rapid induction of hypoxia to reach a final PWWOWO2 of 5.3 kPa within the first 57–10 min of exposure. Blood withdrawn from pre-branchial (ventral aortic) and post-branchial (dorsal aortic) cannulae after 30 min revealed pronounced reductions in POO2 and O2 content (CO2) as well as elevated pH. These data support the notion that blood acidosis is not a prerequisite for catecholamine mobilization during hypoxia. Bilateral sectioning of spinal nerves 17-4 innervating the head kidney prevented the elevation of noradrenaline during rapidly induced hypoxia, but had no effect on the rise in plasma adrenaline concentration. After each experiment, fish were exposed to air for 3 min to induce severe stress. Plasma catecholamine levels were significantly reduced during stress, suggesting that the sectioning of the spinal nerves to the head kidney was indeed effective. These results indicated that mechanisms other than neural stimulation of head kidney chromaffin tissue were contributing to the rise in plasma adrenaline level during hypoxia. Neuronal overflow into the circulation, however, was an unlikely possibility since the increase of adrenaline could not be prevented by treating denervated fish with bretylium (an inhibitor of catecholamine release from adrenergic nerve terminals). These data suggested a local direct stimulatory effect of blood hypoxaemia on adrenaline release from chromaffin tissue. This hypothesis was confirmed using a blood-perfused head kidney preparation in which hypoxaemia markedly stimulated adrenaline overflow into the effluent blood. Further experiments using a Ringer-perfused head kidney preparation were designed to test the hypothesis that blood catecholamine levels in vivo are, in part, controlled by the concentration of catecholamines in the blood entering the head kidney. The results show conclusively that overflow of a particular catecholamine during cholinergic stimulation of the head kidney is controlled independently by the inflowing concentration of that catecholamine. We suggest that this mechanism of ‘auto-inhibition’ of catecholamine overflow is a functional negative feedback mechanism involved in the control of plasma catecholamine levels in the cod.

Réponse en catécholamines à l'épreuve de Wingate chez la femme non-entraînée

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vincent ◽  
Arlette Gratas-Delamarche ◽  
Phanélie Marie Berthon ◽  
Hassane Zouhal ◽  
Christophe Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

Supramaximal exercises are well known to induce a severe stress on the adrenal medulla and nervous sympathetic system. This stress induces increased plasma catecholamines concentrations. The responses of catecholamines to supramaximal exercises in women are still not well characterized and have been studied mostly in trained subjects. Hence the aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma catecholamine responses to a Wingate test in young and untrained women (n = 6) and men (n = 7). Venous plasma catecholamine concentrations were determined by HPLC, at rest, at the end of the warm-up and of the exercise, and during recovery (5, 10, 20, and 30 mn). Our results failed to show any significant difference in resting catecholamine concentrations ([A]p: 0.41 ± 0.05 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05 nmolúL−1; [NA]p: 3.28 ± 0.68 vs. 2.58 ± 0.26 nmolúL−1), kinetics, and maximal plasma catecholamine concentrations (Amax: 4.47 ± 1.08 vs. 3.31 ± 0.63 nmolúL−1; NAmax: 18.05 ± 1.11 vs. 14.01 ± 2.02 nmolúL−1) in response to the Wingate test between women and men, respectively. The Amax/NAmax ratio used as an index of adrenal medulla sensitivity to sympathetic input was also similar between genders. In conclusion, this study was able to demonstrate, in untrained subjects, that gender did not alter the sympatho-adrenergic response induced by a severe stress. Key words: stress hormones, gender, luteal phase

Plasma Catecholamine Levels and Vascular Response in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Hypertension of Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 315s-317s ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rascher ◽  
R. Dietz ◽  
A. Schomig ◽  
J. Weber ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

1. In rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension basal plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline correspond to those of sham-treated controls. 2. In DOCA-treated rats frusemide caused a more pronounced increase in plasma noradrenaline than in control rats. This difference was not observed for adrenaline. 3. In the isolated perfused hind-limb preparation the sensitivity to noradrenaline was already enhanced before blood pressure was elevated. 4. These results suggest that the adrenergic vascular tone is increased in DOCA hypertension in rats.

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