Effect of Psychic Stimulation on Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations and Nasal Patency in Patients with Nasal Allergy

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Konno ◽  
Nobuhisa Terada ◽  
Minoru Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

To compare the degree of sympathoadrenal and nasal vascular response to psychic stimulation between patients with nasal allergy and normal controls, we measured the changes in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations and nasal patency elicited by cannulation into the forearm vein and mental arithmetic in 28 patients with nasal allergy and age- and sex-matched normal controls. Ten of the 28 allergy patients had markedly swollen, pale, edematous nasal mucosa and served as a subgroup of nasal allergy patients. Plasma catecholamine levels increased significantly, with a synchronous increase of nasal patency, during stimulation. Among the three groups, no statistical differences were observed in plasma catecholamine levels either at rest or during stimulation. There was no significant difference in extent of increase of nasal patency induced by stimulation in the total group of subjects with nasal allergy compared with normal controls. However, it was significantly smaller in a subgroup of nasal allergy patients having markedly pale, edematous swelling of the nasal mucosa.

Plasma Histamine and Catecholamines in Stable Asthmatic Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Barnes ◽  
P. W. Ind ◽  
M. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Histamine ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Histamine Concentration ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. Venous plasma histamine and catecholamines were measured in stable asthmatic subjects by a recently developed specific and sensitive radioenzymatic assay. 2. Plasma histamine concentrations were significantly elevated in both extrinsic and intrinsic asthmatic subjects, compared with both normal controls and patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. There was no correlation between histamine concentration and severity of airways obstruction, however. 3. Elevated plasma histamine concentrations at rest-5-indicate increased release of mediators from ‘leaky’ mast cells in asthma. 4. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in asthmatic subjects did not differ from normal and there was no correlation with severity of broncho- constriction or with plasma histamine concentration.

Platelet Catecholamine Concentrations after Short-Term Stress in Normal Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carstensen ◽  
John S. Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

1. Four studies were designed to test the hypothesis that platelet catecholamine levels may provide a stable index of circulating plasma catecholamine concentrations, and that these are unaffected by acute elevations of plasma levels with physical and psychological stress. 2. To assess the biological variability within individuals, ten subjects were sampled on five occasions over 8–30 h. The intra-individual coefficients of variation for plasma and platelet noradrenaline levels were 193 +10% and 9.5 +4.2%, respectively, and for plasma and platelet adrenaline levels 48.3 +22% and 25.3 +8.4%, respectively. 3. Three other studies investigating the response to physical and psychological stress were performed. In the first study, plasma and platelet catecholamine levels were studied in 12 healthy subjects before and after bicycle ergometry. Plasma catecholamine concentrations increased [noradrenaline by +346 + 323% (P = 0.002) and adrenaline by +314 + 352% (P -0.003)], whereas platelet concentrations showed little change [noradrenaline +4+18% (P = 0.94) and adrenaline +38+ 116% (P = 0.67)]. 4. In the study, catecholamine concentrations were measured in eight subjects after hand immersion in iced water. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations increased significantly (+58 +19%, P = 0.001), but no significant change was found in plasma adrenaline concentrations (+8+44%, P = 0.48). Platelet catecholamine concentrations showed no significant change (noradrenaline +15 +15%, P = 0.052, and adrenaline 19 +82%, P = 0.84). 5. In the third study, catecholamine concentrations were measured in 22 medical students before and after their end-of-year examination. There was no significant change in plasma noradrenaline or adrenaline concentrations (+20 +39%, P = 0.08, and −2 +33%, P = 0.36, respectively) nor in platelet concentrations (noradrenaline +6+19%, P = 0.15, and adrenaline +34 +72, P = 0.65). 6. In 53 subjects sampled between 08.00 and 12.00 hours, plasma and platelet noradrenaline concentrations were significantly correlated (r, = 0.47, P <0.001), but the relationship between plasma and platelet adrenaline concentrations in these subjects did not achieve significance (rs = 0.17, P <0.23). 7. In conclusion, platelet catecholamine concentrations seem to be unaffected by acute short-term stress and may provide a reliable indicator of chronic sympatho-adrenomedullary arousal.

Changes in sympathoadrenal response to standing in humans after spaceflight

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Whitson ◽  
J. B. Charles ◽  
W. J. Williams ◽  
N. M. Cintron
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Plasma catecholamine levels and cardiovascular responses to standing were determined in astronauts before and after several Space Shuttle missions. Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured and blood samples for catecholamine analyses were drawn at the end of the supine and standing periods. Supine plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations increased 34 and 65%, respectively, on landing day compared with before flight. Standing on landing day resulted in a 65 and 91% increase in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively. Supine and standing norepinephrine levels remained elevated 3 days after landing while epinephrine levels returned to preflight levels. On landing day, supine heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased 18 and 8.9%, respectively, and standing heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were elevated by 38 and 19%, respectively. On standing, stroke volume was decreased by 26% on landing day compared with before flight. Collectively, these data indicate that the decreased orthostatic function after spaceflight results largely from the decreased stroke volume. Possible mechanisms contributing to this condition are discussed.

Pulsatile normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and plasma catecholamine levels

Perfusion ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Zamparelli ◽  
S De Paulis ◽  
L Martinelli ◽  
M Rossi ◽  
A Scapigliati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

The aim of the study was to assess plasma catecholamine levels in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization and relate them to pulsatile (P) and nonpulsatile (NP) normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned to different CPB management: 15 patients were assigned to group ‘P’, 13 patients to group ‘NP’. During normothermic extracorporeal circulation, group ‘P’ received pulsatile perfusion, while group ‘NP’ received nonpulsatile perfusion. Levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were evaluated during the operation and in the intensive care unit (ICU), at seven time points. Haemodynamic assessment was performed at four time points in the same period. Demographic and surgical data were collected, and the postoperative course was analysed. Epinephrine levels were markedly increased during CPB in both groups, while norepinephrine increased more in group NP in comparison with group P. No significant difference was found in fluid administration, transfusion, drugs usage, or postoperative complications. Normothermic pulsatile CPB seems to achieve reduced levels of norepinephrine. A clinical beneficial effect of this finding was not demonstrated during the study.

Clonidine Modulation of Hemodynamic and Catecholamine Responses Associated with Hypoxia or Hypercapnia in Dogs

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Nishikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

Background Hypoxia or hypercapnia elicits cardiovascular responses associated with increased plasma catecholamine concentrations, whereas clonidine, an alpha(2)- adrenergic agonist, decreases plasma catecholamine concentrations. The authors examined whether systemic clonidine administration would alter the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses to hypoxia or hypercapnia in anesthetized dogs. Methods Pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs whose lungs were mechanically ventilated were instrumented for measurement of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, mean pulmonary artery pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and the peak of first derivative of left ventricular pressure. The dogs were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous bolus injection of 10 microg/kg clonidine followed by continous infusion at a rate of 1 microg. kg (-1). min (-1)(clonidine-10 group, n = 7), an intravenous bolus injection of microg/kg clonidine followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.5 micro.kg(-).min(-1)(clonidine-5 group, n = 7), or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline (control group = 7). Each dog underwent random challenges of hypoxia (PaO2 30, 40, and 50 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PaCO2 60, 80, and 120 mmHg). Measurements of hemodynamic and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were made after the loading dose of clonidine and the first and the second exposure of hypoxia or hypercapnia. Results Although significant increases from prehypoxic values in mean arterial pressure (39 +/- 10 mmHg) and plasma norepinephrine (291 +/- 66 pg/ml) and epinephrine (45 +/- 22 pg/ml) concentrations were noted during hypoxia of PaO2 30, mmHg in the control group (P&lt;0.05), such changes were absent in both clonidine groups. During hypercapnia of PaCo2 120 mmHg, changes from prehypercapnic values in mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, the peak of first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in the clonidine-10 and clonidine-5 groups were significantly less than those in the control group. Plasma clonidine concentrations in the clonidine-10 and clonidine-5 groups were 16.8 +/- 1.7 and 8.9 =/- 1.0, 42.5 =/- 2.9 and 21.5 +/- 1.5, and 51.1 +/- 3.2 and 26.7 +/- 1.0 ng/ml after the loading dose of clonidine and the first and the second exposure of hypoxia or hypercapnia, respectively. Conclusions Systemic clonidine administration alter the hemodynamic changes associated with hypoxia or hypercapnia and suppresses plasma catecholamine responses in anesthetized dogs when a larger dose of clonidine is administered. catecholamines: epinephrine; norepinephrine.)

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Glucoprivation on Adrenomedullary Function in SHR and WKY Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri ◽  
Peter Robert Dunkley ◽  
Ann Kathleen Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Adrenal Chromaffin Cell ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

We have shown previously, acute intraperitoneal administration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) into Sprague-Dawley rats led to activation of the adrenal medulla chromaffin cells, indicated with increased protein kinase activity and increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) phosphorylation, as well as increased plasma adrenaline and glucose levels. Here we have used spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats to investigate whether hypertension alters basal adrenal chromaffin cell function, or the response of these cells to acute 2DG treatment. At basal level, we found no differences in adrenal medulla TH protein, TH phosphorylation, TH activity or catecholamine levels between SHR and WKY despite a significant difference in the level of systolic blood pressure; nor were there differences in plasma catecholamine levels or blood glucose (BG). Furthermore, the vehicle animals evoked no significant changes in any parameter measured in SHR, but evoked significant increases in pSer19TH, plasma adrenaline and BG in WKY. Single episode of glucoprivation evoked increases in PKA and CDK/MAPK, pSer40TH, pSer31TH, TH activity, and plasma adrenaline and BG in SHR, and in addition evoked increases in PKC, CAMKII, and pSer19TH in WKY. These findings are significant which indicates hypertension does not impact catecholamine function in the adrenal gland. It also appears that hypertension does not alter the adrenal response to glucoprivation. The findings are also significant as WKY showed greater adrenal activation of protein kinases and TH phosphorylation in response to saline and 2DG when compared to SHR and possible reasons for these findings are further discussed.

Role of Capsaicin-Sensitive Trigeminal Nerves in Development of Hyperreactive Nasal Symptoms in Guinea Pig Model of Nasal Allergy

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Konno ◽  
Hiroshi Nagata ◽  
Hideaki Motosugi ◽  
Minoru Nomoto ◽  
Nobuhisa Terada
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Nasal Patency ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Trigeminal Nerves

The effect of capsaicin pretreatment on frequency of sneezing, decrease of nasal patency, and increase of vascular dye leakage induced by antigen or histamine challenge on the guinea pig nasal mucosa was investigated. The animals were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin. Capsaicin pretreatment significantly inhibited sneezing induced by nasal challenge with histamine and antigen, indicating that capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves constitute an afferent pathway of the sneezing reflex in nasal allergy. Although capsaicin pretreatment tended to inhibit the decrease of nasal patency and the increase of vascular dye leakage of the nasal mucosa induced by antigen challenge, this tendency was not statistically significant. The present study indicated that the participation of a local reflex via capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal nerves in nasal vascular responses observed after antigen challenge in the guinea pig model of nasal allergy is rather small compared to the large direct vascular effects of chemical mediators released from basophilic cells in the nasal mucosa.

Nonspecific Nasal Mucosal Reactivity, Expressed as Changes in Nasal Airway Resistance after Bilateral Saline Provocation

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Haavisto ◽  
Jukka Sipilä ◽  
Jouko Suonpää
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Provocation Tests ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perennial Rhinitis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Active Anterior Rhinomanometry

When using intranasal provocation tests in diagnosing nasal allergy or other hyperreactivity, it is essential to know which part of the reaction is caused by some nonspecific stimulus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate nonspecific nasal reactions of patients with chronic nonallergic perennial rhinitis as well as normal controls. The provocations were made bilaterally with normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride), and the changes in the nasal resistance were recorded by active anterior rhinomanometry. There was no significant difference between the chronic rhinitis patients and the normal controls. However, the individual variations were large. We conclude that a change of ±100–150% in the unilateral nasal resistance can be caused by a nonspecific reactivity.

Plasma inactive renin in diabetic patients with neuropathy: a role for the sympathetic nervous system in the conversion in vivo of inactive renin

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Nakamaru ◽  
Toshio Ogihara ◽  
Jitsuo Higaki ◽  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Hiroshi Ikegami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Active Renin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inactive Renin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract. Plasma levels of active and trypsin-activatable inactive renin and catecholamines were measured in 6 diabetic patients with neuropathy (group 1), 8 diabetic patients without neuropathy (group 2) and 8 agematched normal subjects. The effect of insulin administration on plasma active and inactive renin and plasma catecholamine levels in diabetic patients was also investigated. The levels of inactive renin were calculated as the difference between the levels of total renin after trypsin activation and those of active renin. The levels of plasma catecholamines were determined by the trihydroxyindole method. The levels of active renin were significantly lower and inactive renin was increased slightly in group 1 when compared with controls. Group 1 showed a significant reduction in plasma norepinephrine levels. Group 2 showed slightly reduced active renin, normal inactive renin and normal norepinephrine values. There was no significant difference in the levels of epinephrine between the 3 groups. After insulin injection, active renin levels were increased in groups 1 and 2. The mean increment in active renin levels was less in group 1 than in group 2. Inactive renin levels were slightly decreased in both groups. Significant increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were observed following insulin administraion. The mean increment in norepinephrine levels was less in group 1 than in group 2. There was a positive correlation between the mean increment in active renin and in norepinephrine levels in diabetic patients. These results suggest that the impaired conversion of inactive renin into an active form is responsible in part for the low levels of active renin in diabetics with neuropathy.

scholarly journals Elevation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in nasal allergy

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
K. Hisamatsu ◽  
T. Ganbo ◽  
T. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Horiguchi ◽  
S. Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor

To investigate soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in nasal allergy, the sera and nasal secretions from patients with nasal allergy and from healthy subjects were subjected to a double-epitope enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significant elevation of sIL-2R concentrations in the sera and nasal secretions was observed in the allergy patients (n = 26) compared with those of healthy subjects (n = 9). IL-2R-positive (CD25+) cells were observed in the crust formed in an allergic nasal mucosa. The concentration of sIL-2R in the sera correlated neither with the eosinophil count of the peripheral blood count nor with clinical severity. The concentration of sIL-2R in the nasal secretions was significantly higher compared with that in the sera from allergic patients (p < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed between sIL-2R levels in the sera and nasal sections from normal subjects. These findings indicate that sIL-2R plays an essential role in allergic processes by regulating IL-2R-positive cells recruited into the nasal mucosa.

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